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1.
中国东南沿海中、新生代火山－侵入杂岩带，是环太平洋构造－岩浆成矿带的重要组成部分之一。分布总面积约３０万ｋｍ＾２，火山活动时间从早三叠世到第四纪。该岩带基底由扬子板块、华夏板块和海南板块等三个一级大地构造单元组成。该区中、新生代构造－岩浆活动可根据其地区差异，构造环境、岩浆源区性质与基底构造背景不同等因素，以主要区域深大断裂为界，划分为浙东－闽东、浙西－赣东北、闽西－赣中、粤东、粤西－桂东南、雷琼 相似文献
2.
扬子板块东北缘存在四条主要的中元古代变质带,自南向北依次为江南变质带、沿江变质带、云台一张八岭变质带和连云港一泗阳变质带。它们分别为中元古代的古弧后盆地、火山岛弧、裂谷及弧前盆地,扬子板块东北缘中元古代为活动大陆边缘构造体系。苏（北）胶（南）变质造山带应解体,其中一部分属扬子大陆边缘体系。 相似文献
3.
重点研究丹巴地区的格宗和东谷花岗岩体,从同位素年代学、地球化学、构造地质学方面论证了这两个花岗岩的形成时代、物质来源和成因以及喜山期构造热事件作用的影响.它们是晋宁期构造岩浆作用的产物,其源区物质为中元古代中、晚期形成的低成熟度的火山沉积岩系,后者实际上也代表松潘-甘孜造山带的古老基底.包括丹巴地区在内的整个扬子板块西缘的晚元古代造山带应是古扬子板块的重要组成部分. 相似文献
4.
东昆仑造山带诺木洪地区早古生代火山岩以玄武岩岩片和变火山岩岩片形式存在, 对两种岩片中锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明, 玄武岩岩片的形成年龄为(419±5) Ma, 变火山岩岩片的形成年龄为(401±6) Ma, 证明在东昆仑地区存在早古生代的洋陆转换, 其中玄武岩岩片代表大洋拉张的中脊环境, 而变火山岩岩片则代表挤压的俯冲碰撞环境. 火山岩中继承锆石的年龄1734 Ma反映了东昆仑的基底可能为中元古代. 相似文献
5.
华南寒武系底部黑色岩系中超常富集铂族元素．根据湘黔地区该富集层金、银、铂族元素的丰度及其比值、元素的相关性、元素分布模式和配分模式,认为贵金属和其他元素主要不是地外物质直接提供的,也不是正常海水沉积的产物,而可能主要与海底热水喷流作用有关,系由海底热水通过深循环汲取元古宙武陵期基性－超基性岩物质的产物．在喷流作用最强烈地段很有可能形成极具工业价值的多元素矿床,尤其是除基性－超基性岩型以外的铂族元素资源新类型矿床． 相似文献
6.
在对西秦岭重点地区地质建造、结构构造等研究基础上，结合前人工作成果，对西秦岭造山带地质结构、构造演化及成矿作用等提出了新的认识，包括：1，首次对前人在西秦岭北带厘定的晚泥盆世磨拉石地层－大草滩群（D3dc）进行分解，认为它是晚泥盆世滨浅海相砂岩、粉砂岩及碳酸盐岩在不同地段分别逆冲到二叠系、侏罗系及白垩系之上所形成的岩片叠置体系。并根据构造解析的原则，结合区域地层结构，将西秦岭北带构造－地层体划分为三个单元，即上古生界－中生界表构造层次准原地系统、古生界浅构造层次推覆岩片及元古界中深构造层次推覆岩片，它们相互叠置而成的西秦岭北带的岩片堆垛体系；2，对西秦岭西成矿田的研究表明，西成矿田的容矿地层不仅包括泥盆系，而且还包括元古宇，其中最大的矿床－厂坝－李家沟超大型铅锌矿床产于元古宇而不是泥盆系，西成矿田是后生热液矿床而不是海底喷流沉积矿床，它的形成完全受元古宇构造岩片由西向东的逆冲－推覆及其所造成一第列构造效应所控制;3,西秦岭南带勉略构造带为一构造走滑体系，产于勉略带的蛇绿岩与产于勉略宁地块内部的蛇绿岩是同一时期、同一构造背景的产物，为中新元古代板块构造演化的记录，在南秦岭，不存在可靠的晚古生代蛇绿岩。 相似文献
7.
将格尔木－额济纳旗地学断面走廊及其邻区划分为１４个地体，分属扬子－华南、华北－柴达木、塔里木和哈萨克斯坦－准噶尔４个板块，其间为规模不等的洋盆所分隔，从中元古代以来，上述板块经历了开理解到碰撞、拼合的复杂过程。 相似文献
8.
讨论了腾冲地区在Ｄ－Ｅ２时期的板块拼合演化过程及其大地构造单元位置，用以说明腾冲火山地热区的现今区域构造条件，讨论了火山喷发时期与板块碰撞时代的关系。 相似文献
9.
墨西哥的地震活动性主要与该地区的现代地质构造有关。地震最为活跃的地区是： 墨西哥南部从地表到地下２５０ ｋｍ 深处, 在这里, 里韦拉板块向北美板块下俯冲, 科科斯板块向北美板块和加勒比板块下俯冲。与该消减带有关的海底构造是墨西哥太平洋沿岸近海的中美洲海沟。太平洋－北美板块边界是引起墨西哥地震活动的另一个主要原因。沿该边界观测到扩张和走滑特征。在墨西哥西北部的下加利福尼亚, 右旋位移导致了活动走滑断层的形成, 这些断层组成了加利福尼亚圣安德烈斯断层系的向南延伸部分。加利福尼亚湾的地震活动发生在由短距离扩张中心所抵消的转换断层上。再往南, 太平洋板块和里韦拉板块被太平洋里韦拉海丘和一条转换断层所隔开。地球物理研究所的地震研究工作由地震与火山研究室和国家地震局承担。国家地震局的任务包括：管理固定的标准、宽频带台网; 维护便携式宽频带地震仪; 为政府、公众和个人测定地震的位置和震级; 出版《地震通报》; 承担与国际地震中心联络的任务。地震与火山研究室对墨西哥的地震活动性、地质构造和震源等领域进行研究。其他方面的研究包括火山地震学、海洋地球物理学和地球深部构造。该研究室还负责向联邦政府报告有关地震和火山危险性的问题。 相似文献
10.
华北克拉通中部(主要在晋北、五台和吕梁地区)广泛发育着中元古代的基性岩墙群, 这些基性岩墙群未变形、未变质、具有较强的磁性, 分布广泛, 成为利用古地磁对比前寒武纪高级变质岩区的理想标志. 从这一地区基性岩墙群的古地磁结果分析, 华北板块向南掀斜18°左右, 晋北地区相对五台地区翘起并左旋10°左右, 而吕梁地区的岩墙群比晋北五台地区的岩墙群形成晚. 并且在吕梁地区NNW向和WNW向岩墙形成过程中, 华北板块持续向北漂移, 因此造成吕梁地区NNW向和WNW向岩墙群与晋北-五台地区的岩墙群具有较大的古地磁差异. 相似文献
11.
New chemical and isotopic data permit the recognition of a cryptic suture zone between two Archaean continental masses within the Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt of West Greenland. This discovery has important implications for Precambrian crustal evolution: suture zones may not always be identifiable from geological field observations, with the consequence that mobile belts in which undetected sutures exist may be mis-identified as ensialic, and thought to require special non-plate tectonic models to account for their development.The Nagssugtoqidian belt consists mainly of Archaean gneisses reworked during the Proterozoic, with metamorphic grade and degree of isotopic disturbance increasing towards the centre of the belt. At the centre of the belt the Nagssugtoqidian includes metasediments and calc-alkaline volcanic and plutonic rocks of Proterozoic age, almost always strongly deformed and metamorphosed. From isotopic evidence (Sr i ca. 0.703; model μ 1 values ca. 8.0; initial εNd ca. 0) it is clear that the Proterozoic igneous rocks do not include any significant contributions derived from the Archaean crust, and the chemistry of the rocks, together with the isotope data, suggests that they were formed at a destructive plate margin. The Proterozoic rocks are found in a narrow zone (up to 30 km wide) between the Archaean gneisses to the north and south of Nordre Strømfjord, and are interpreted as reflecting the existence of a suture between two Archaean continental blocks. Zircon UPb data and other isotope evidence show that subduction started before ca. 1920 Ma ago, and lasted until ca. 1850 Ma when collision occurred, with consequent crustal thickening, high-grade metamorphism and local anatexis. Given the time-span for the operation of subduction, the existence of a wide Nagssugtoqidian ocean can be inferred, even for slow rates of plate motion.The Proterozoic and Archaean gneisses in the Nagssugtoqidian belt are very similar lithologically and chemically, and it has only been possible to distinguish between them using isotopic criteria. Suture zones of this kind are very difficult to detect, and may be present elsewhere within the reworked Archaean terrains of northern Greenland and Canada. 相似文献
12.
浙闽裂谷带为金银铅锌铜钼金属矿床及萤石、高岭土等非金属矿床的重要成矿域,其代表性矿床有治岭头金银矿床、梅仙式块状硫化物多金属矿床、银坑斑岩型钼矿床、湖山萤石矿田、武义萤石矿田等。裂谷带活动具两个旋回,第一旋回与超大陆解体相当,始于新元古代,闭合于加里东期,代表性地层标志为中元古代地层。第二旋回始于燕山早期,止于燕山晚期,代表性地层标志为下侏罗统枫坪组地层及白垩纪断陷盆地沉积地层。第一旋回相对应区域变质、混合岩化、韧性剪切活动及岩浆岩侵位等地质作用。第二旋回相对应大规模火山喷发、岩浆侵位、断陷盆地等地质作用。第一旋回裂谷环境中,形成治岭头式金银矿和梅仙式铅锌多金属矿床的初胚或金属矿床的初始矿体;在第二旋回后期大规模火山热液的成矿作用中,使前者叠加富集,形成了巨大资源量的工业矿体,而岩体侵位形成了一系列斑岩铜矿和浙闽地区极富特色非金属矿、萤石矿成矿带。 相似文献
13.
Abstract The Mesozoic gold–silver deposits in South Korea are closely associated with the Mesozoic granitoids. The Jurassic gold–silver deposits can be distinguished from the Cretaceous ones in terms of occurrence, alteration style, gold fineness, associated mineral assemblage, fluid inclusion and stable isotopic compositions. The Jurassic deposits were formed in mesozonal environments related to deep-seated granitoids, whereas the Cretaceous ones were formed in epizonal environments related to shallow-level granitoids. The Jurassic auriferous deposits (about 165–145 Ma) show fluid characteristics typical of an orogenic-type gold deposit, and were probably generated in a compressional regime caused by an orthogonal convergence of the Izanagi oceanic plate into the Asiatic margin. However, strike-slip faults and caldera-related fractures, together with subvolcanic to volcanic activity, may have played an important role in the formation of Cretaceous gold–silver lode deposits (about 110–45 Ma) under a continental arc setting. 相似文献
14.
A great deal of practical data in recent years have proved that the East Kunlun orogenic belt and even the China central orogenic belt are complex orogenic belts that underwent polycycle orogenic evolvement[1―7]. Each orogenic cycle has left a compositional print, the multi-period ophiolites[4―6] and various types of tec-tono-magmatic production in the same orogenic belt. There is a suite of shallow metamorphic volcanic rocks in the Nuomuhong area in the east part of the East Kunlun orogen… 相似文献
15.
Abstract The chemical Th-U-total Pb isochron method (CHIME) was applied to determine the age of monazite and thorite in five gneisses and zircon in an ultra high-pressure (UHP) phengite schist from the Su-Lu region, eastern China. The CHIME ages and isotopic ages reported in the literature show that gneisses in the Su-Lu region are divided into middle Proterozoic (1500–1720 Ma) and Mesozoic (100–250 Ma) groups. The Proterozoic group includes paragneiss and orthogneiss of the amphibolite-granulite facies, and their protolith age is late Archean-early Proterozoic. The Mesozoic group is mainly composed of orthogneiss of the greenschist-epidote amphibolite facies, and the protolith age is Middle Paleozoic-Early Proterozoic. The Proterozoic and Mesozoic gneisses occupy northern and southern areas of the Su-Lu region, respectively, which are divided by a major Wulian-Qingdao-Yantai fault. Ultra high-pressure metamorphic rocks occur as blocks in the Mesozoic gneisses, and form a UHP complex. The UHP phengite schist in the Mesozoic orthogneiss contains detrital zircons with late Proterozoic CHIME age ( ca 860 Ma). Age of the UHP metamorphism is late Proterozoic or younger, and protolith age of the UHP metamorphic rocks is probably different from that of the surrounding Mesozoic gneisses. 相似文献
16.
为便于在大陆上研究板块构造,作者提出了几项原则,作为参考:1.板块接触带时常表现为一条大断层或断裂带,延伸至少数百公里,经常超过一千公里;2.在两个相邻的板块上,沉积岩相和古生物群有显著的划分;3.有混杂堆积的出现;4.有蛇绿岩带的出现;5.有蓝片岩的出现;6.侵入岩与喷出岩具有规律性的分布;7.地震震中的分布;8.两个相邻板块所指极向的不同移动轨迹. 根据上述原则,结合中国地质情况进行分析,作者认为我国有几条山脉和地区可能是板块构造接触带.这些是:1.秦岭东西构造带,2.台湾省东岸,3.西藏的雅鲁藏布江,4.金沙江上游,5.龙门山及“康滇地轴”,6.祁连山北部边缘. 在工作中也遇到了以下几个有待进一步研究的问题:1.大陆板块对大陆板块互相碰撞的说法,似应作一定的修改.因为几乎所有大陆上的俯冲带都是沿着地槽的一边或两边发生的,而不是两个大陆板块直接相互接触.它和大陆边缘的海洋板块对大陆板块的移动,极为相似。2.超基性岩是否能侵入到大陆地壳,还是只能生成于地幔?3.如果说超基性岩只出现于地槽,则古老地块中有超基性岩出现时,是否可以说,这是以前地槽沉积的变质岩,而不是古老的岩浆岩体,例如秦岭的大华群和大别山的淮阳地盾等。 相似文献
17.
Abstract The Cretaceous geodynamic and paleogeographic evolution of the northeastern Asian continental margin is summarized in five maps for time-intervals of 115-110, 100-90, 90-85, 85-74 and 70-50 Ma. Four major evolutionary stages are recognized: (i) the moderate extensional tectonic regime and origination of a system of island arcs in the Jurassic-Neocomian stage; (ii) Middle Cretaceous strong collisional and accretional processes resulting in the Asian continent formation in the Barremian-Early Albian stage; (iii) the origination of the subduction-related Okhotsk-Chukotka continental marginal volcanic belt in relation to the newly formed convergent plate boundary in the Late Albian-Senonian stage; and (iv) the next collision accompanied by the extinction of the subduction-related volcanism in the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene stage (Laramian orogeny) and displayed rift-related processes with the intraplate-type volcanism on the Asian continental margin. Those stages had been established through the whole Pacific ring and had close genetic relationships with mid-ocean ridges tectonic activity. 相似文献
18.
There are six distinct classes of gold deposits, each represented by metallogenic provinces, having 100's to >1000 tonne gold production. The deposit classes are: (1) orogenic gold; (2) Carlin and Carlin-like gold deposits; (3) epithermal gold-silver deposits; (4) copper-gold porphyry deposits; (5) iron-oxide copper-gold deposits; and (6) gold-rich volcanic hosted massive sulfide (VMS) to sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits. This classification is based on ore and alteration mineral assemblages; ore and alteration metal budgets; ore fluid pressure(s) and compositions; crustal depth or depth ranges of formation; relationship to structures and/or magmatic intrusions at a variety of scales; and relationship to the P-T-t evolution of the host terrane. These classes reflect distinct geodynamic settings. Orogenic gold deposits are generated at mid-crustal (4–16 km) levels proximal to terrane boundaries, in transpressional subduction-accretion complexes of Cordilleran style orogenic belts; other orogenic gold provinces form inboard, by delamination of mantle lithosphere, or plume impingement. Carlin and Carlin-like gold deposits develop at shallow crustal levels (<4 km) in extensional convergent margin continental arcs or back arcs; some provinces may involve asthenosphere plume impingement on the base of the lithosphere. Epithermal gold and copper-gold porphyry deposits are sited at shallow crustal levels in continental margin or intraoceanic arcs. Iron oxide copper-gold deposits form at mid to shallow crustal levels; they are associated with extensional intracratonic anorogenic magmatism. Proterozoic examples are sited at the transition from thick refractory Archean mantle lithosphere to thinner Proterozoic mantle lithosphere. Gold-rich VMS deposits are hydrothermal accumulations on or near the seafloor in continental or intraoceanic back arcs. The compressional tectonics of orogenic gold deposits is generated by terrane accretion; high heat flow stems from crustal thickening, delamination of overthickened mantle lithosphere inducing advection of hot asthenosphere, or asthenosphere plume impingement. Ore fluids advect at lithostatic pressures. The extensional settings of Carlin, epithermal, and copper-gold porphyry deposits result from slab rollback driven by negative buoyancy of the subducting plate, and associated induced convection in asthenosphere below the over-riding lithospheric plate. Extension thins the lithosphere, advecting asthenosphere heat, promotes advection of mantle lithosphere and crustal magmas to shallow crustal levels, and enhances hydraulic conductivity. Siting of some copper-gold porphyry deposits is controlled by arc parallel or orthogonal structures that in turn reflect deflections or windows in the slab. Ore fluids in Carlin and epithermal deposits were at near hydrostatic pressures, with unconstrained magmatic fluid input, whereas ore fluids generating porphyry copper-gold deposits were initially magmatic and lithostatic, evolving to hydrostatic pressures. Fertilization of previously depleted sub-arc mantle lithosphere by fluids or melts from the subducting plate, or incompatible element enriched asthenosphere plumes, is likely a factor in generation of these gold deposits. Iron oxide copper-gold deposits involve prior fertilization of Archean mantle lithosphere by incompatible element enriched asthenospheric plume liquids, and subsequent intracontinental anorogenic magmatism driven by decompressional extension from far-field plate forces. Halogen rich mantle lithosphere and crustal magmas likely are the causative intrusions for the deposits, with a deep crustal proximal to shallow crustal distal association. Gold-rich VMS deposits develop in extensional geodynamic settings, where thinned lithosphere extension drives high heat flow and enhanced hydraulic conductivity, as for epithermal deposits. Ore fluids induced hydrostatic convection of modified seawater, with unconstrained magmatic input. Some gold-rich VMS deposits with an epithermal metal budget may be submarine counterparts of terrestrial epithermal gold deposits. Real time analogs for all of these gold deposit classes are known in the geodynamic settings described, excepting iron oxide copper-gold deposits. 相似文献
19.
New Sr and C isotopic data, both obtained on the same samples of marine carbonates, provide a relatively detailed record of isotopic variation in seawater through the latest Proterozoic and allow, for the first time, direct correlation of these isotopic changes in the Vendian ( 540–610 Ma). The strong isotope variations determined in this study record significant environmental and tectonic changes. Together with a fairly poorly constrained Nd isotopic record, the Sr and C isotopic records can be used to constrain rates of erosion, hydrothermal alteration and organic C burial. Further, comparison of these records with those of the Cenozoic permit investigation of the general relationship between global tectonics and continental glaciation. In particular, results of this study show a very large change in the 87Sr/ 86Sr of marine carbonates from low pre-Vendian ( > 610 Ma) values ( 0.7066) to high Middle Cambrian values ( 0.7090). This change is greater in magnitude than the significant increase in seawater 87Sr/ 86Sr through the Cenozoic. Both changes are attributed to high erosion rates associated with continent-continent collisions (Pan-African and Himalayan-Tibetan). In the latest Proterozoic these high erosion rates, probably coupled with high organic productivity and anoxic bottom-water conditions, contributed to a significant increase in the burial rate of organic C. Ice ages mark both the Neoproterozoic and Cenozoic, but different stratigraphic relationships between the Sr isotopic increase and continental glaciation indicate that uplift-driven models proposed to explain Cenozoic climatic change cannot account for the latest Proterozoic ice ages. 相似文献
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