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为了分析热带海气耦合系统中不稳定扰动究竟由哪种自由波占主导地位，根据本文第I部分提出的热带海气耦合模式，讨论了取耦合系统中不同的径向模时耦合波的性质，即分别讨论了大气长Rossby波和海洋长Rossby波、大气Kelvin波和海洋长Rossby波、大气长Rossby波和海洋Kelvin波的耦合波以及考虑了大气和海洋中所有这些波动时耦合波的性质。结果指出，这些耦合波对海气耦合模式中参数的取值很敏感，不同的参数可以产生性质不同的耦合波。本文的结果也说明了海气耦合系统的性质与热带大气的性质和结构有很大关系。 相似文献
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简单热带海气耦合模式中的耦合波及其不稳定性（I） 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文建立了一个简单的热带海气耦合模式，模式大气和海洋中包含了Kelvin波和长Rossby波。在赤道β平面近似下，讨论了取耦合系统中最大径向模时，即大气和海洋中只存在Kelvin波时耦合波的性质。结果指出，向东传的耦合Kelvin波可以出现不稳定性，并且由于海气相互作用，在长波部分可以产生向西传的耦合Kelvin波。 耦合Kelvin波的性质与模式中所选用的参数有很大关系，当大气与海洋中自由波的频率相差很大时，耦合波的性质与没有海气相互作用时自由波的性质非常接近；只有当大气与海洋中自由波的频率相差不太大时 相似文献
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西文建立了一处简单的热带海气耦合模式，模式大气和海洋中含了Ｋｅｌｉｖｎ波和长Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波。在赤道β平面近似下，讨论了取耦合系统中最大径向模时，即大气和海洋中只存在Ｋｅｌｉｎ波时耦合波的性质。结果指出，向东传的耦合Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波可以出现不稳定性，并且由于海气相互作用，在长波部分可以产生向西传的耦合Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波。耦合Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波的性质与模式中所选用的参数有很大关系，当大气与海洋中自由波的频率相差 相似文献
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文章采用准地转带耗散因子的大气和海洋的动量、热力学方程,建立了一个简单的描写大尺度运动的准地转海气耦台浅水模式,分别在中高纬和低纬地区讨论了海气的耦合效应,分析了耦合低频模(海洋模)的振荡周期随耦合频率和经向波数的变化转征,并由此而说明低频振荡与海气相互作用有关。然后从海洋和大气的频散曲线中揭示出耦合强度对Rossby波传播的影响,还从缓变波列的观点,讨论了两种模之间的转换机制。 结果表明:Newton冷却Rayleigh摩擦对海洋Rossby波起稳定作用。随着耦合频率的增加,耦合低频模的周期也相应增加;经向波数越大,这种增加就越迅速。当耦合频率趋近于临界值时,海洋Rossby波趋于静止。当海气耦合强度增加到一定程度时,海洋Rossby波的传播方向变成与原来相反。通过海气相互作用,海洋Rossby波的一部分将转换成大气Rossby波,本文求解了其能量转换系数。 相似文献
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利用带有深海作用的简单海气耦合模型,分析了中纬度海气系统中不稳定耦合波的空间结构,讨论了其对气候年代际振荡的影响.结果表明:对于海气系统中的不稳定耦合波,大气扰动在位相上超前于海洋扰动,位相差范围0到π/2,特别当位相差为π/4时,出现最不稳定海气相互作用;大气和海洋扰动振幅之间的关系由风应力系数和海洋加热系数的相对大小决定,大气扰动振幅可以小于海洋扰动振幅,也可以大于海洋扰动振幅;深海作用系数对于海气耦合波的空间结构总体影响很小. 相似文献
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热带大气和海洋运动的频率差异在海气系统演变中的作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对热带太平洋地区850 hPa纬向风场、海表温度场月平均距平进行了谱分析。结果表明:纬向风距平与海表温度距平的振幅在El Ni?o或La Ni?a期间同时增长。而在其他期间,波振幅随时间呈相反变化趋势。在El Ni?o或La Ni?a事件发展期间,纬向风距平的位相角与海表温度距平位相角的差值在90o左右,而在事件的衰减期间,它们的位相角的差值在0o左右。本文还利用长波近似、海洋对大气加热取局地热力平衡近似时的简单热带海气耦合模式,研究了大气变量和海洋变量位相差随时间变化对海气耦合解的影响。在海气耦合模式中,当大气模式取为非定常时,大气和海洋Kelvin波之间以及Rossby波之间存在着能量转换,使大气和海洋波振幅呈相反变化趋势。此时,耦合波振幅随位相角差的变化没有共同的增长或衰减区间。大气Kelvin波与海洋Rossby波或大气Rossby波与海洋Kelvin波相互作用时,波振幅随位相差的变化存在着相同增长和衰减区间,它们的振幅要么同时增长,要么同时减少。当大气模式取定常时,因为相互作用波之间的位相差是一常数,波振幅随时间无限制增长。本文还在大气模式取为非定常和定常两种情况下,对海气耦合模式进行了数值求解。结果表明,当大气模式取为非定常时,数值解随时间的变化趋势跟观测结果有较好一致性。当大气模式取为定常时,数值解随时间的变化趋势跟观测结果差别较大。 相似文献
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热带海气相互作用波及其不稳定性 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文利用一个简单的海气耦合模式,讨论了热带海洋和大气中Rossby波的相互作用。结果指出,海洋和大气中向西传播的Rossby波耦合后,不仅存在着向西传播的波动,而且还可以产生一类向东传的新波。这种向东传播的波动出现在波长较长的波段范围内,这个范围的大小受海气相互作用强度的制约。另外,波动可以出现不稳定性,向西和向东传的波均有不稳定现象发生,不稳定增长率也受海气相互作用强度的制约。最后,根据所得到的海气相互作用波,对ENSO现象作了一个可能的解释。 相似文献
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简单的热海气耦合波──Kelvin波和Rossby波的综合作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在本文中，考虑到对于研究ＥＮＳＯ事件中的某些现象，人们更感兴趣的是大尺度低频运动的物理性质。为此，本文中引进长波低频近似，这时纬圈运动基本上满足地转平衡。分析表明，对赤道偶对称运动，当经圈结构函数（抛物线柱函数）取ｎ＝０，２时，海气耦合系统中的自由波分别为大气和海洋中的Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波和Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波。它们经相互作用后，可以激发出不稳定的海气耦合波。根据海气相互作用强度（αγ）和ε（＝ｃｓ／ｃａ。ｃｓ，ｃａ分别为海洋和大气中的重力波波速）的大小，可以把不稳定区分成三个部分。在ε＜０．１６的强海气相互作用区，不稳定的耦合波，在短波波段是向东传播的，在长波波段则转为向西传播。在ε＞０．１６的弱海气相互作用区中，在长波波段的不稳定耦合波是向东传播的。另外，在ε＞０．１６的强相互作用区中，不稳定耦合波的物理性质较为特殊。在短波波段存在一支向东传播的不稳定波，但由于增长率太大，可以预测波将很快破碎而变成大尺度湍流运动。在长波波段虽然也存在一支频率很高的不稳定波，但其物理性质很难从自由模的比较中追踪出来。文中对由大气和海洋Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波经相互作用后的对赤道奇对称耦合波也作了讨论。 相似文献
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A GLOBAL COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL OF SHALLOW WATER WAVE AND ITS NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 A global coupled air-sea model of shallow water wave is developed based on coupled ocean-atmospheredynamics.The coupling is realized through the air-sea interaction process that the atmosphere acts on theocean by wind stress and the ocean acts on the atmosphere with heating proportional to sea surface temperature(SST)anomaly.The equation is harotropic primitive one.Response experiments of coupling system arealso carried out SSTA in two categories of intensities.Compared with the results of AGCM simulation ex-periment in which only the dynamic change of air system is considered,it demonstrates that the air-seainteraction between the tropical ocean and the global atmosphere plays a very important role in the evolutionof climate system.The results of numerical simulation show that it is encouraging. 相似文献
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在本文中分析了当大气和海洋中未经耦合前的自由波均为Rossby模时,经相互作用后所激发出的耦合波的物理性质。结果表明,由于大气和海洋的背景状态不同,可以激发出两类不稳定耦合Rossby波。一类波要求大气的背景场是斜压的,而海洋的混合层较深,即热容量较大。这是一类弱相互作用的不稳定波。另一类要求大气的背景场趋于正压性,而海洋的混合层较浅,即热容量较小。这是一类强相互作用的不稳定波。色散关系的计算表明,这两类不稳定波产生的物理机制也不相同。文中对解不同截断模的本征值问题提出了几种数学方法,同时还进一步提出了一种使大气和海洋自由Rossby模的色散关系不受歪曲的处理方法。 相似文献
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A simple quasi-geostrophic coupled ocean-atmosphere model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The quasi-geostrophic atmospheric and oceanic equations of momentum and thermodynamics with dissipation factors are used to create a simple coupled ocean-atmosphere model describing the large-scale shallow-water mo-tion. We discuss the ocean-atmosphere coupling effect in mid-high and low latitudes separately and analyze charac-teristics of which the oscillatory periods of coupled low-frequency modes (ocean mode) vary with the coupling fre-quency and latitudinal number. This can interpret the correlation between low-frequency oscillation and ocean-at-mosphere interaction. Then from the dispersion curves of atmosphere and ocean, we reveal effect of the coupling strength on the propagation of Rossby waves. The convection mechanism between the two modes is also discussed in view of the slowly varying wave train.The results show that Newtonian cooling and Rayleigh friction play a stable rule in oceanic Rossby waves, the period of coupled low-frequency mode grows with the increment of the coupling frequency. The larger the latitudinal number is, the more rapidly it grows. When the coupling frequency tends to critical value, the oceanic Rossby waves become static. When the ocean-atmosphere coupling strength grows to some degree, the propagation of oceanic Rossby waves will become opposite to its original direction. One part of the oceanic Rossby waves is converted into atmospheric Rossby waves, the energy conversion coefficient is also solved out. 相似文献
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In this study a coupled air–sea–wave model system, containing the model components of GRAPES-TCM, ECOM-si and WAVEWATCH III, is established based on an air–sea coupled model. The changes of wave state and the effects of sea spray are both considered. Using the complex air–sea–wave model, a set of idealized simulations was applied to investigate the effects of air–sea–wave interaction in the upper ocean. Results show that air–wave coupling can strengthen tropical cyclones while air–sea coupling can weaken them; and air–sea–wave coupling is comparable to that of air–sea coupling, as the intensity is almost unchanged with the wave model coupled to the air–sea coupled model. The mixing by vertical advection is strengthened if the wave effect is considered, and causes much more obvious sea surface temperature (SST) decreases in the upper ocean in the air–sea coupled model. Air–wave coupling strengthens the air–sea heat exchange, while the thermodynamic coupling between the atmosphere and ocean weakens the air–sea heat exchange: the air–sea–wave coupling is the result of their balance. The wave field distribution characteristic is determined by the wind field. Experiments are also conducted to simulate ocean responses to different mixed layer depths. With increasing depth of the initial mixed layer, the decrease of SST weakens, but the temperature decrease of deeper layers is enhanced and the loss of heat in the upper ocean is increased. The significant wave height is larger when the initial mixed layer depth increases. 相似文献
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Glenn R. Flierl 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》1979,3(1):15-38
A model for the structure and motion of baroclinic solitary waves in the atmosphere or ocean is presented. Like gravity wave solitons, these planetary wave solutions are both weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive. The dispersion effects, induced by β, are small because the scale of the wave is large compared to the deformation radius. The steepening effects are provided by the interaction of the wave with exterior mean shear flow, which may be either barotropic or baroclinic. The solutions have two properties which suggest that such theories may be useful in modelling solitary disturbances in the atmosphere or ocean: radial symmetry and fluid speeds which exceed the phase speed of the wave itself. As an example, we apply the model to Gulf Stream Rings. 相似文献
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Theories on formation of an anomalous anticyclone in western North Pacific during El Niño: A review 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tim Li Bin Wang Bo Wu Tianjun Zhou Chih-Pei Chang Renhe Zhang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(6):987-1006
The western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) is an important atmospheric circulation system that conveys El Niño impact on East Asian climate. In this review paper, various theories on the formation and maintenance of the WNPAC, including warm pool atmosphere–ocean interaction, Indian Ocean capacitor, a combination mode that emphasizes nonlinear interaction between ENSO and annual cycle, moist enthalpy advection/Rossby wave modulation, and central Pacific SST forcing, are discussed. It is concluded that local atmosphere–ocean interaction and moist enthalpy advection/Rossby wave modulation mechanisms are essential for the initial development and maintenance of the WNPAC during El Niño mature winter and subsequent spring. The Indian Ocean capacitor mechanism does not contribute to the earlier development but helps maintain the WNPAC in El Niño decaying summer. The cold SST anomaly in the western North Pacific, although damped in the summer, also plays a role. An interbasin atmosphere–ocean interaction across the Indo-Pacific warm pool emerges as a new mechanism in summer. In addition, the central Pacific cold SST anomaly may induce the WNPAC during rapid El Niño decaying/La Niña developing or La Niña persisting summer. The near-annual periods predicted by the combination mode theory are hardly detected from observations and thus do not contribute to the formation of the WNPAC. The tropical Atlantic may have a capacitor effect similar to the tropical Indian Ocean. 相似文献
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In this paper an evolution equation in integral-differential form for finite amplitude Rossby waves on a weak shear is presented and an efficient method for its numerical solution is set up. It is shown that a propa-gation of solitary wave is possible whenever a proper weak shear in basic flows acts with the nonlinear effects and dispersion of the media, both in the atmosphere and in the ocean. To test the numerical method for solving the evolution equation, a series of experiments are carried out. The results indicate that the solitary solutions do exist and interact with each other in quite a succinct, manner. Therefore the method is successful and efficient for solving initial value problems of the above equation. The time decoupling problem arising in the numerical scheme and the related filtering technique are discussed. A variety of interesting phenomena such as the interaction of solitary Rossby waves, damping, dispersion and the development of nonlinear wave train are numerically studied. 相似文献
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Interaction equations of two nonlinear gravitational waves in baroclinic atmosphere are presented via multi-scale perturbation method,which can be classified into coupling nonlinear Schrodinger equations.In particular,the interaction course of two nonlinear gravitational waves of basic flow in vertical linear and quadratic shear is illustrated.Numerical calculation displays that wave amplitude enlarges and wave width narrows when two solitary gravitational waves meet and chase;that basic flow with single shear is more beneficial than that with quadratic shear to the interaction of two nonlinear wave packets;and that the interaction of two wave packets makes wave shape change more greatly and energy more dispersive,which contributes to the occurrence of changeable weather.Therefore,one of the probable mechanisms for the appearance of strong convection weather is the interaction between mesoscale nonlinear gravitational waves. 相似文献