共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 625 毫秒
1.
George Dellagiarino 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2-3):83-89
Since 1976, the Minerals Management Service (MMS) has administered its prelease geological and geophysical (G & G) data acquisition program through Title 30, Part 251, of the Code of Federal Regulations, which govern permitting, acquisitions, and data release. Leading indicators of offshore oil and gas activity are the number of permits issued to industry, associated mileage, and expenditures. Over the last 20 years, permit activity has indicated that most of the oil and gas surveying has been in the Gulf of Mexico, where 80 % of all permits have been issued, followed by Alaska (10 %), the Pacific (7 %), and the Atlantic (3 %). These statistics correlate with the dominant position of the central and western Gulf of Mexico areas in oil and gas activity. More than 95 % of all permits were issued for geophysical exploration, mostly for two-dimensional (2-D) common-depth-point (CDP) seismic data. However, over the last 10 years, permits for three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data have averaged 25 % of all geophysical permits and, by 1996, made up approximately half of all geophysical permits offshore-wide. Between 1976 and the early 1990s, industry shot approximately 500,000 linemiles of 2-D CDP data each year on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). Of that total, MMS acquired approximately50,000 line-miles annually. In the 1990s, parallel with industry, MMS increased its acquisition of 3-D seismic data in concert with the development and use of interactive workstations. The majority of 2-D and 3-D data have been acquired in the Gulf of Mexico by a ratio of 2:1 over Alaska, the next largest data inventory. With regard to MMS expenditures for G & G data, from 1976 through the 1980s, Alaska, having more offshore area than the other three regions combined, had the largest portion. However, in the 1900s, the vast majority of expenditures have been in the Gulf of Mexico. Over the years, permit totals, mileage acquired, and expenditures for data reflect trends of oil and gas pricing, limitations of offshore moratoria, and a shift of industry emphasis to foreign theaters. 相似文献
2.
评述了美国墨西哥湾深海油气储量、墨西哥湾原有的油气发现、墨西哥湾浅水和深水的油气发现统计、深水钻井重获许可后开发的新进展、墨西哥湾油田原油生产数据以及新发现开始生产石油的情况. 相似文献
4.
5.
A. Zabanbark 《Oceanology》2006,46(4):557-563
With respect of its structure, the Gulf of Mexico basin is heterogeneous. The following individual basins and subbasins can be distinguished; (1) Mississippi-Louisiana; (2) Gulf Coast within the boundaries of Texas and New Mexico; (3) Mexican Gulf Coast and adjacent system of foredeeps; (4) Yucatan subbasin; (5) Cuba-Bahamas system of foredeeps. Regional seismic studies reveal a close relationship between salt movements and sedimentation. Salt bodies represent excellent cap rocks for hydrocarbon fluids. Anticline folds termed “turtle” structures forming a system of belts appear in the deep parts of the gulf. These structures host large reserves of hydrocarbons, which are concentrated in the Paleogene-Miocene turbidite reservoirs with a porosity approximately 30% overlain by excellent cap rocks (salt, clay) with permeability exceeding 3 darcy. Three productive zones are defined: (1) the folds of the Mississippi River fan; (2) the Perdido belt of anticline folds; (3) Florida. The Paleogene and Miocene-Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments developed on the continental slopes of the Gulf of Mexico basin are the areas most promising with respect to hydrocarbon deposits. On January 1, 2006, the offshore oil production was 53 million tons and the gas production 40 billion cubic meters. Total prospective oil and gas reserves are estimated to be 5.5 billion tons and 4.7 trillion cubic meters, of which over 50% of oil and 1/3 of gas are expected to be discovered on the continental slope. 相似文献
6.
Platform-based open ocean aquaculture (or mariculture) is a fledgling industry with a unique set of risks and uncertainties. In the past two decades, several commercial and experimental platform-based mariculture projects have been launched in the United States, however, all these projects failed or were abandoned because of operational problems or legal issues. The oil and gas infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico is well suited for mariculture systems as these platforms are large, sturdy and long lasting, and designed to operate in the offshore environment. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the costs and benefits of a open ocean aquaculture industry in the Gulf of Mexico with particular focus on platform-based aquaculture. The opportunities for the use of idle oil and gas structures for open ocean aquaculture are limited, but the reuse of previously removed structures may have more promise. 相似文献
7.
The Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 amended the Deepwater Port Act of 1974 to permit the construction of offshore liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals. Terminals with environmentally destructive open-loop regasification systems were quickly approved in the Gulf of Mexico. This study analyzed the political methods of the George W. Bush administration to determine how it developed offshore LNG. Findings showed that the Bush administration worked closely with the energy industry to promote national energy security and limited the role of certain federal and state agencies through a centralized policy process. 相似文献
8.
《Marine Policy》2017
The purpose of every offshore oil and gas pipeline is to transport fluid through a conduit from one point to another, but differences in field location, water depth, development strategy, time of sanction, seafloor topography, ownership and other factors means that installed mileage is expected to have complex site, time and location dependencies. The purpose of this review is to describe and illustrate the main factors that impact pipeline construction in the deepwater U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Understanding the nature of these dependencies and the manner in which factors interact and impact pipeline construction is the principal goal of this review. System attributes and their impact on activity drivers are described using a series of mini case studies. Lessons learned are synthesized and summarized. 相似文献
9.
Daniel L. Orange Ana García-García Dan McConnell Tom Lorenson Gary Fortier Fabio Trincardi Emrah Can 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2005,26(2-4):247-266
The need for quantifying and understanding the distribution of shallow gas is both of academic interest and of relevance to
offshore facilities. The combination of seafloor mapping, subbottom profiling, and multi-channel seismic data can provide
information on regions of possible shallow gas, where the gas impacts the acoustic properties of the host material and the
seafloor. In this paper, we present two case studies – one academic and one industry – that evaluate the distribution of shallow
gas in two field areas in the Mediterranean. In the first case study, geophysical data from Iskenderun Bay, southeastern Turkey,
indicate the presence and distribution of shallow gas. Pockmarks on the seafloor are associated with acoustic wipeout in the
shallow subbottom data. Although deeper seismic data do not show bright spots or other indicators of possible gas, instantaneous
frequency analysis clearly shows laterally restricted anomalies indicating gas-rich zones. The interpretation of possible
shallow gas resulted in moving a proposed drilling location to a nearby area characterized by fewer (but still present) shallow
gas signatures. In the second case study, cores acquired in the Po Delta, Adriatic Sea, provide quantitative ground-truthing
of shallow gas – as suggested by geophysical data – and provide minimum estimates of the percentage of gas in the subsurface.
Cores targeted on anomalous subbottom data yielded up to 41,000 ppm methane; cores with anomalous gas content are associated
with thick recent flood deposits which may effectively isolate reactive terrigenous organic matter from biologic and physical
re-working. 相似文献
10.
深水开发的新型立管系统——钢悬链线立管(SCR) 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
1种全新的深水立管系统——钢悬链线立管（Steel Catenary Riser，SCR）在翠西哥湾（Golf of Mexico）、坎普斯湾（Campos Basin）、北海（North Sea）和西非（West Africa）得到了成功应用。它的适用水深为300～3000m，且适用现有任何浮式结构，从浅水的固定式平台到极深水的浮式生产储运系统（FPSO）。因此，它取代了传统的柔性立管和顶张力立管，成为深水油气开发的首选立管，被认为是深水立管系统的成本有效的解决方案。 相似文献
11.
Catherine A. Dunkel 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2-3):245-255
An assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas resources in the federal offshore areas of Washington, Oregon, and California performed by the Minerals Management Service (MMS) using data available as of January 1, 1995 estimates that 10.7 billion barrels (Bbbl) of undiscovered oil and 18.9 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of undiscovered gas are recoverable with conventional techniques. Approximately one half of these resources (5.3 Bbbl of oil and 8.3 Tcf of gas) may be recovered profitably under economic conditions as of the assessment. Estimates of undiscov ered oil and gas resources from this assessment are larger than estimates from previous MMS assessments because of the use of different methods and additional data. 相似文献
12.
《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2012,35(1):119-133
The gas hydrate petroleum system at the 2009 Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II (JIP Leg II) Green Canyon 955 (GC955) site shows a complex seismic amplitude and waveform response of highly negative and positive amplitudes with continuous and discontinuous character within inferred gas-hydrate- and gas-bearing sand reservoirs. Logging-while-drilling (LWD) data obtained during JIP Leg II and conventional 3-D seismic data allowed for the identification of thick highly concentrated hydrate layers by integrating rock physics modeling, amplitude and thin layer analysis, and spectral decomposition. Rock physics modeling with constraints from three JIP LWD holes allowed for the analysis of variations in acoustic amplitude characteristics as a product of hydrate saturation, gas saturation, and reservoir thickness. Using the well log-derived acoustic models, thick highly concentrated gas hydrate with and without underlying free gas accumulations have been identified. These results suggest that thick highly concentrated gas-hydrate-bearing sand units (with thicknesses greater than half of the seismic tuning thickness and gas hydrate saturations greater than 50%) underlain by gas can be differentiated from sands containing only gas, but thin gas-hydrate-bearing sand units with low gas hydrate concentrations (with thicknesses less than half of the seismic tuning thickness and gas hydrate saturations less than 50%) are difficult to identify from post-stack seismic amplitude data alone. Within GC955, we have identified six zones with seismic amplitude anomalies interpreted as being caused by gas hydrate deposits with variable lateral extent, thickness and saturation, and in some cases overlying free-gas-bearing intervals. Synthetic seismic images produced from well-log- and model-derived velocity and density distributions mimic similar reflection characteristics in the corresponding field seismic data. 相似文献
13.
This paper focuses on the analyses of the clastic sedimentary infill of the Coastal Plain of Eastern Mexico, which initiated synchronously with the Laramide orogeny in the vicinity of the Golden Lane. Results of these analyses are used as boundary conditions for calibrating/interpreting seismic profiles across more distal depocenters in the offshore of the Gulf of Mexico, from the sea shore and continental slope in the west to the abyssal plain in the east. The objective of the study is to better predict the reservoir distribution in the Deep offshore Basin of the Gulf of Mexico (DBGM), in order to explore for petroleum. 相似文献
14.
In 2006, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) completed a detailed analysis and interpretation of available 2-D and 3-D seismic data, along with seismic modeling and correlation with specially processed downhole well log data for identifying potential gas hydrate accumulations on the North Slope of Alaska. A methodology was developed for identifying sub-permafrost gas hydrate prospects within the gas hydrate stability zone in the Milne Point area. The study revealed a total of 14 gas hydrate prospects in this area.In order to validate the gas hydrate prospecting protocol of the USGS and to acquire critical reservoir data needed to develop a longer-term production testing program, a stratigraphic test well was drilled at the Mount Elbert prospect in the Milne Point area in early 2007. The drilling confirmed the presence of two prominent gas-hydrate-bearing units in the Mount Elbert prospect, and high quality well logs and core data were acquired. The post-drill results indicate pre-drill predictions of the reservoir thickness and the gas-hydrate saturations based on seismic and existing well data were 90% accurate for the upper unit (hydrate unit D) and 70% accurate for the lower unit (hydrate unit C), confirming the validity of the USGS approach to gas hydrate prospecting. The Mount Elbert prospect is the first gas hydrate accumulation on the North Slope of Alaska identified primarily on the basis of seismic attribute analysis and specially processed downhole log data. Post-drill well log data enabled a better constraint of the elastic model and the development of an improved approach to the gas hydrate prospecting using seismic attributes. 相似文献
15.
《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2013,39(1):128-142
The northern Gulf of Mexico is dominated by salt tectonics, resulting fracturing and numerous seafloor seeps and vents. Woolsey Mound, site of the Gulf of Mexico Hydrates Research Consortium's seafloor observatory, has been investigated extensively via surveys, direct sampling and seafloor instrument systems. This study presents an innovative approach to seismic data interpretation, integrating three different resolution datasets and maximizing seismic coverage of the complex natural hydrocarbon plumbing system at Woolsey Mound.3D industry seismic data reveal the presence of a salt body at in the shallow subsurface that has generated an extended network of faults, some extending from the salt body to the seafloor (master faults). Higher resolution seismic data show acoustic wipe-out zones along the master faults with expulsion features – seafloor pockmarks and craters – located immediately above them and associated, in the subsurface, with high-amplitude, negative anomalies at constant depth of 0.2 s TWTT b.s.f., interpreted as free gas. Since pockmarks and craters provide pathways for hydrocarbons to escape from depth into the water column, related sub-surface seismic anomalies may indicate free gas at the base of the gas hydrates stability zone (GHSZ). Fluid flow and gas hydrates formation are segmented laterally along faults. Gas hydrates formation and dissociation vary temporally in the vicinity of active faults, and can temporarily seal them as conduits for thermogenic fluids. Periodic migrations of gases and other fluids may perturb the GHSZ in terms of temperature and pressure, producing the observed lack of classical BSRs. 相似文献
16.
17.
This paper considers the prediction of ocean eddy motion from a time series of current data taken at a single fixed location; a problem of relevance to the offshore oil industry. A simple eddy model forms the basis of an algorithm in which the characteristics of a distant eddy are deduced from a set of measured current velocities taken at a fixed location. The subsequent motion of the eddy is predicted which, in turn, enables eddy-induced currents to be forecast. Comparisons with both synthetically generated and actual current meter data from the Gulf of Mexico demonstrate the worth and accuracy of the model. 相似文献
18.
V. G. Bondur 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(9):1007-1018
The urgency and specific features of the application of the up-to-date aerospace methods and technologies in order to monitor
different oil and gas facilities; study subsurface geology of oil and gas areas; search for oil and gas deposits (particularly
in Arctic regions); control oil, gas, and product pipelines; and estimate the environmental conditions in the areas of hydrocarbon
production and transportation on land and on the sea are justified and analyzed. The problems in the oil and gas industry
which can be solved using aerospace data are systematized. The principles of organization of aerospace monitoring and the
physical bases of remote sensing methods for solving different problems in the oil and gas industry are considered. The application
of aerospace methods and technologies in order to monitor the environmental conditions in the oil and gas production areas,
monitor pipelines, detect pollution of the marine environment with oil products (particularly, after the accident on the oil
platform in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010), and control the ice conditions in the Arctic oil and gas areas is illustrated. 相似文献
19.
Seismic expression of sedimentary volcanism on the continental slope,northern Gulf of Mexico 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
High-resolution geophysical data define acoustically amorphous, mounded structures on the upper, middle, and lower continental
slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Physical samples and observations within this unique seismic facies show gassy sediments,
sometimes in hydrated form and, in places, as chemosynthetic communities. The geologic setting of these mounds suggests that
the process of formation falls on the continuum of mud volcanoes to mud diapirs. 相似文献
20.
Connectivity between spawning and potential nursery areas of northern rock sole, Lepidopsetta polyxystra, in the eastern Bering Sea was examined using an individual-based biophysical-coupled model. Presumed spawning areas were identified using historical field-collected ichthyoplankton data, and nursery habitats were characterized based on previously described settlement areas. Simulated larvae were released from spawning areas near the Pribilof Islands, south of the Pribilof Islands along the outer continental shelf, on the north side of the Alaska Peninsula, and in the Gulf of Alaska south of Unimak Island. Simulated larvae were transported along two general pathways: 1) northwards along the outer continental shelf from Unimak Island towards the Pribilof Islands and further north offshore of mainland Alaska, and 2) eastward along the Alaska Peninsula. At the end of the 2-month simulation, drift pathways placed pre-settlement stage larvae offshore of known nursery areas of older juveniles near mainland Alaska, consistent with a hypothesis that initial settlement may be followed by substantial post-settlement redistribution. 相似文献