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1.
金眶鸻巢址选择的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2007年4-7月,采用野外直接观察和样方法在北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区对金眶鸻（Choradrius dubius）的巢址进行了调查研究。金眶鸻于4月中上旬迁来野鸭湖,5月初开始产卵。野外共发现金眶鸻的巢45个,其中水库岸边28个,岛上17个。逐巢进行了常规测量,并对巢址及附近无巢区域的生境进行了调查。通过主成分分析和独立样本t检验,结果表明,影响金眶鸻巢址选择的主要因子依次是植被盖度、植物种类、植被密度、距水源的距离、植被高度最大值、干草比例等。这说明金眶鸻倾向于在植被物种丰富度较高、植被较高、密度和盖度较大、距水源较近的地方营巢。巢址选择除了与隐蔽、食物、水、种内竞争等有关外,还与巢的保温性能有关,而巢的隐蔽性与食物是其中的关键因素。 相似文献
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扎龙国家级自然保护区丹顶鹤巢址的空间分布格局分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
依据1996年、2003～2007年扎龙自然保护区丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)巢址分布数据,计算巢址分布的质心、巢址的空间离散度,分析了巢址的空间格局特征;并统计了巢址与芦苇(Phragmites Australis)沼泽的高程.研究结果表明,如果不遇到严重的干扰,扎龙保护区丹顶鹤巢址的质心主要分布在核心区内,每年的偏移主要集中在核心区内部;而在受到火灾干扰的2005年,丹顶鹤巢址的质心几乎迁出了核心区.扎龙湿地丹顶鹤巢址空间分布在此期间具有聚群的特征,2005年以前,丹顶鹤营巢距离逐年缩小;而2005年以后营巢距离又有所增加.丹顶鹤巢址分布在高程142～148 m的占92.03%,而芦苇沼泽分布在高程142～148 m的占82.04%;丹顶鹤巢址分布于坡度小于0.25°的占90.93%,芦苇沼泽分布在坡度小于0.25°的占87.31%;芦苇沼泽和丹顶鹤巢址在高程、坡度上的分布相关性较强,说明芦苇沼泽是扎龙湿地丹顶鹤营巢的重要生境. 相似文献
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黑颈䴙䴘(Podiceps nigricollis)是国家二级重点保护野生动物。为了保护黑颈䴙䴘,于2022年6月15日至7月15日,在内蒙古鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区内的桃力庙—阿拉善湾海子,开展了针对黑颈䴙䴘巢的野外调查,采用主成分分析方法和Lgistics回归模型,分析了黑颈䴙䴘是否筑巢与巢的隐蔽度、水域的植物盖度、无脊椎动物丰度等8种环境因素的关系。研究结果表明,黑颈??主要在不受盛行风影响且隐蔽度较高的浅水区域(水深的平均值为10.56 cm)筑巢,筑巢的主要材料为角果藻(Zannichellia palustris)、水绵(Spirogyra communis)、动物羽毛和植物枝条;有巢样方的黑颈??巢的隐蔽度、水域的植物盖度、无脊椎动物丰度都显著大于无巢对照样方(n=20,p<0.01),有巢样方与无巢对照样方是否受盛行风影响因素的值之间的差异显著(χ2=26.302,df=1,p<0.001);水域的植物盖度、无脊椎动物丰度、巢的隐蔽度、是否受盛行风影响是黑颈??巢址选择的主要影响因素;为了更好地保护鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区内黑颈... 相似文献
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盐池湾自然保护区喜马拉雅雪鸡的巢址选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2005年的4～7月,采用样方法和直接观察法,对甘肃省盐池湾自然保护区喜马拉雅雪鸡(Tetraogallus himalayensis)的巢址选择进行了研究.共测量16个巢址.研究表明,喜马拉雅雪鸡的巢主要分布于3 301～3 500 m之间、多在灌丛草地和高山岩石草地、灌木下或草丛中及突出大石下、中坡以上的坡位、坡度... 相似文献
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于2011年和2012年,采用焦点动物取样法和所有事件记录法,对黑龙江省七星河国家级自然保护区的白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia)巢的数量、巢址特征和分布进行了研究。结果表明,保护区内的白琵鹭巢数量可达120只,已经达到一定规模。白琵鹭巢呈碗状,建造于芦苇(Phragmites australis)荡中,筑巢材料为芦苇,巢距离地面的高度为(79.31±3.09)cm,巢长径为(55.93±2.81)cm。白琵鹭喜营群巢,而且与苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)、白鹭(Egretta garzetta)、骨顶鸡(Fulica atra)等异种鸟类集群营巢。对白琵鹭巢区配置的调查研究,有利于对白琵鹭的进一步保护。 相似文献
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从丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)的生境选择角度出发,综合考虑了人类活动干扰、食物来源、隐蔽条件和地形特征等因素,选取了土地利用类型、与居民地的距离、与耕地的距离、与道路的距离、归一化植被指数、坡度、坡向和与水源地的距离共8个因子,对丹顶鹤栖息地的生境质量进行评价。采用一种数据驱动的生态位模型——最大熵(Maximum Entropy,Max Ent)模型,在人类活动干扰强度逐渐增大的背景下,研究1995~2016年松嫩平原丹顶鹤栖息地的适宜性。研究结果表明,建立的1995年、2000年、2010年和2016年4个时期的生境适宜性评价模型的评价效果都达到较高的水平,土地利用类型、与居民地的距离、与耕地的距离、与道路的距离是影响丹顶鹤栖息地分布的主要因素。随着松嫩平原耕地面积、建设用地面积和路网密度的增加,与1995年相比,2016年丹顶鹤栖息地的最适宜和较适宜区的面积共减少了16 749 km2,其占研究区总面积的比例减小了6.7%。针对强烈的人类活动干扰,丹顶鹤采取远离的方式进行回避,其选择的栖息地与道路、耕地和居民地的距离的阈值分别为1.3 km、1.4 km和2.1 km。 相似文献
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对东南极中山站附近麦氏贼鸥巢区和无巢贼鸥群栖地的贼鸥回吐渣团及其他食物残物进行收集、分析和鉴定 ,结果表明 ,本区麦氏贼鸥主要捕食雪 ,其残物在食物项中的平均出现率为 6 7～ 80 %;同时贼鸥从本区几个考察站觅取人类遗弃的垃圾食物作为其重要的食物补充 ,垃圾食物的平均出现率为 6 .8～ 1 1 .6 %。不同巢区贼鸥对雪 的捕杀量和垃圾的需求差异较大 ,其主要与营巢地域的雪 分布密度以及摄食区的占有与否有关。 相似文献
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扎龙湿地火烧严重度分析及火灾对丹顶鹤生境的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用ETM 遥感影像资料,分析了扎龙湿地火烧严重度及火灾对扎龙湿地丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)生境的影响。采用火灾前、后的ETM 影像数据,计算差异性归一化燃烧率(dNBR)和制作扎龙火烧严重度分布图,用综合燃烧指数(CBI)分析植被死亡率对生境变化的影响程度,并分析两者的相关关系;利用两种燃烧指数与对应的高程、植被类型、坡度、功能分区和丹顶鹤巢位等因子叠加分析作为火烧区的评价指标;再根据火烧严重度分类图定量化分析火灾对丹顶鹤生境和巢址变化的影响。结果表明,CBI与dNBR之间有非线性关系(n=59,R2=0.8724);判定高程在148.3~154.6m和坡度在0°~0.185°之间,且分布有大量芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽的核心区低洼地易发生火灾;在火烧强度较高的情况下,迫使丹顶鹤选择次适宜的栖息环境,降低了丹顶鹤对隐蔽条件和食物资源的标准,导致丹顶鹤重新选择巢址的位置,其种群数量迅速减少。研究结果对扎龙湿地动物资源可持续发展具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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芦苇湿地共域繁殖的4种雀形目鸟类的巢址选择和繁殖成效比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鸟类的巢址选择对其繁殖成效具有重要影响。对共域繁殖的不同鸟种繁殖策略的比较,有助于理解鸟类生活史对策的进化。为此,我们在河北永年洼湿地对利用芦苇繁殖的4种鸟类即东方大苇莺(Acrocephalus orientalis)、钝翅苇莺(Acrocephalus concinens)、震旦鸦雀(Paradoxornis heudei)和棕头鸦雀(Sinosuthora webbiana)的巢址选择和繁殖成效进行了比较。结果表明,尽管四种鸟类开始繁殖的时间明显不同,但其巢址、巢型和巢结构均类似,并在同一研究地内镶嵌分布,仅在巢离水面的高度、筑巢芦苇的高度和巢址样方内的芦苇密度三个变量参数上存在显著差异。四种鸟类在两个繁殖季的繁殖成效均较低,其中东方大苇莺为34.5%(86/249),钝翅苇莺为35.3%(6/17),震旦鸦雀为38.5%(15/39),棕头鸦雀为40.9%(9/22)。影响繁殖成效的主要生态因子包括巢捕食和恶劣天气如暴雨和强风暴,而被大杜鹃(Cuculuscanorus)寄生则是导致东方大苇莺繁殖成功率较低的主要原因。我们的研究表明,同域繁殖的鸟类可以通过繁殖时间的错峰和巢址的分化等而实现共存。 相似文献
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We evaluated growth, abandonment, decay and emergence of new nests of the Neotropical termite Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Termitidae) and its association with the supporting vegetation in an area of caatinga (arid thorn scrub in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil). In an area of 1 ha, a total of 272 nests were observed monthly, from March 2005 to March 2007. Of these, 245 nests were small, 9 were of medium size, and 18 were large nests. During the rainy season (from June to February), nests grew 94.2 L, whereas during the dry season (March–May), their total growth was 23 L. The number of abandoned nests was positively correlated with rainfall. Decomposition of nests was greater during the rainy season. The pattern of nest distribution was associated with the distribution of the primary supporting plants. Rainfall appears to be one of the most important factors in the dynamics of growth of nests of C. cyphergaster in the caatinga. 相似文献
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Nesting densities are often used to estimate breeding population size and with other measures of reproductive performance can be useful indicators of population status. These aspects of breeding biology often show considerable spatial and temporal variation. Between 2000 and 2003, we surveyed nesting common eiders ( Somateria mollissima ) on 172 islands in three archipelagos (Nain, Hopedale, Rigolet) on the Labrador coast. Rigolet was the largest archipelago (2834 km2 ) followed by Nain then Hopedale, and island density varied inversely with archipelago size. Overall means were: nest density 52.0 ± 141.9 (SD) nests/ha; nest initiation 12 June ± 12 days; clutch size 3.7 ± 1.2 eggs/nest; egg volume 98.8 ± 10.4 cm3 ; and clutch volume 392.3 ± 135.0 cm3 . Rigolet had the highest average egg volumes and nest densities, the highest single island nest density of 1053 nests/ha, and the earliest average nest initiation date. We found significant differences in nest densities among archipelagos and across years; significant archipelago and year interactions were detected for nest initiation date and clutch size. Significant differences were found among individual islands for all response variables except egg volume. For egg volume, within-archipelago island differences were not significant, but between-archipelago differences were significant. Thus egg volume may be a useful diagnostic to identify population affiliation. 相似文献
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湖泊生态恢复的关键因子分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国是一个多湖泊的国家。由于经济快速发展及湖泊资源不合理的开发利用,中国湖泊的污染问题和生态系统退化相当普遍。特别是由于氮、磷等营养元素的富集造成的水体富营养化,导致蓝藻水华频繁发生,甚至出现了饮用水危机事件。由于缺乏基础理论的指导,中国湖泊富营养化治理曾经走过弯路。在没有实现控源截污的条件下,片面强调生态恢复来净化湖泊水环境,一度成为富营养化湖泊治理的主流思想。实际上,湖泊生态恢复是有条件的,而对这些条件的诊断和分析是开展湖泊生态恢复的前提和基础。通过对太湖水生植物分布及其影响因子分析,确定沉水植物恢复的核心条件是水下光照条件。水下光照条件受富营养水平、悬浮物浓度与水深等因子的影响。只有当一个水域的真光层深度接近水深的情况(比值>0.8),恢复水生植物才有可能。改善水下光照条件,包括降低水深,提高透明度,消除风浪等措施,实际上,都是增加真光层深度与水深的比值。在上述生态恢复条件不具备的情况下,湖泊治理与恢复的工作更多地应该聚焦在控源截污方面。这对中国湖泊污染治理与生态恢复具有普遍的意义。 相似文献
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Impact of the Arctic Fox Alopex lagopus on nesting success of geese in southeast Svalbard, 1989 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Goose populations, with special emphasis on Light-bellied Brent Geese Branta bernicla hrota , were censured in Tusenøyane and Tjuvfjorden, southeast Svalbard, July-August 1989. A total of 425 non-breeding Brent Geese, 210 Barnacle Geese Branta leucopsis and 421 Pink-footed Geese Anser bra-chyrhynchus and 11, 2 and 3 families of the three species, respectively, were counted. Brent Geese attempted to nest on 6 of the 20 islands surveyed, and were successful on four. Barnacle Geese attempted to nest on three islands and were successful on two. Many islands known to be traditional nesting sites were entirely void of geese. Pink-footed Geese were only seen in Tjuvfjorden. The breeding failure on the islands was linked to the presence of the Arctic Fox Alopex lagopus which probably caused the geese to completely give up the attempt to nest. On one island the fox had apparently arrived after nest initiation and ravaged 45 Brent Goose and Barnacle Goose nests. It is likely that the foxes stranded on the islands during ice break-up. As a consequence of the presence of foxes on most of Tusenøyane, more than half of the potential breeding segment of the Svalbard Brent Goose population failed to nest in the summer of 1989. 相似文献
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We evaluated nest site selection at two spatial scales (microsite, territory) and reproductive success of Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) at three spatial scales (microsite, territory, landscape) in the eastern Mojave Desert. We used binary logistic regression within an information-theoretic approach to assess factors influencing nest site choice and nesting success. Microsite-scale variables favored by owls included burrows excavated by desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), burrows with a large mound of excavated soil at the entrance, and a greater number of satellite burrows within 5 m of the nest burrow. At the territory scale, owls preferred patches with greater cover of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) within 50 m of the nest burrow. An interaction between the presence or absence of a calcic soil horizon layer over the top of the burrow (microsite) and the number of burrows within 50 m (territory) influenced nest site choice. Nesting success was influenced by a greater number of burrows within 5 m of the nest burrow. Total cool season precipitation was a predictor of nesting success at the landscape scale. Conservation strategies can rely on management of habitat for favored and productive nesting sites for this declining species. 相似文献
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Temperature gradients in the nest and within the egg. nest humidity as well as eggshell conductance and rate of egg water loss of the Eider Somateria mollissima and other waterfowl were studied at Ny-Alesund. Spitsbergen (78°55'N latitude). These studies suggest a specific interrelationship between eggshell conductance and maintenance of an appropriate temperature and humidity environment of the nest, resulting in an egg water loss rate which is optimal for hatching success. In spite of low ambient temperatures of less than 3°C and very low absolute humidities of less than 4 torr (similar to those found in hot deserts). the nest's microclimate and rate of water loss were similar to those reported for nests and eggs in temperate climates. 相似文献
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BERNARD SPAANS MARTIN STOCK REW ST. JOSEPH HANS-HEINER BERGMANN BARWOLT S. EBBINGE 《Polar research》1993,12(2):117-130
In combination with observations in spring staging and wintering grounds in western Europe, a detailed etho-ecological study of nesting dark-bellied brent geese Branta b. bernicla in western Taimyr, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, was made in 1990. Most brent geese arrived on the breeding grounds from 14–19 June and started nesting within a few days. In the study area 264 nests of breeding brent geese were found, mainly on islands but also along small rivers on the mainland. The mean clutch size was 3.0 and 80% of the eggs hatched. Time budget studies showed that incubating females spent on average 138 minutes per 24 hours on feeding. Despite favourable weather conditions and a low density of arctic foxes, only about one-third of the mature birds in the study area bred. In the autumn an intermediate breeding success of 20% juveniles was recorded in the wintering areas. This was probably due to the relatively poor condition in which the brent geese left their spring staging areas. 相似文献
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南极普里兹湾是我国南极中山站建站的重要依托海域 ,是科考船前往中山站进出的必由之路。本文根据普里兹湾近岸的中山站附近海域概略水深 ,研究分析了地形基本概况 ,崎岖不平的中山站近海湾部水下地形 ,沿其湾顶部轴线SN向形成了一条绵延弯曲的水深达 80 0m以浅的海底峡谷 ,通往冰盖底部。峡谷两侧地形复杂 ,水下丘岭嶙峋。从冰盖沿峡谷崩裂下来的冰山 ,最终依其适宜的水深 ,绕过地形障碍 ,沿海底峡谷西侧随风和流往西离去。除中山锚地抛锚区域属于浅水低洼的平缓台地外 ,湾内其它水域可供科考船抛锚的优越水下地形极少 相似文献