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针对探地雷达(Ground Penetrating Radar,GPR)信号信噪比低、背景杂波强,事先对探测目标的信息所知甚少,近乎处于“盲”状态,因而实际处理难度大等实际问题,提出了将独立分量分析(In-dependent Component Analysis,ICA)这种盲信号处理技术应用于GPR信号处理,并利用ICA中的Fast-ICA算法,对ICA法在GPR信号处理中的应用进行了初步探索,实现了GPR信号中弱目标信号和强背景杂波的有效分离,并初步解决了对所分离目标信号的正确排序,以及由ICA方法本身带来的所分离目标独立分量信号符号的不确定性等问题,使GPR信号信噪比大幅提高,从而使GPR的目标检测性能也得以显著改善。在对诸如地雷、地下管线等局部目标的时域有限差分法(Finite-dif-ference Time-domain,FDTD)、仿真GPR数据和室外试验观测GPR数据进行ICA处理后,都取得了理想的结果。 相似文献
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Roof separation is one of the major indications for coal mine roadway roof accidents. Therefore, it is important that efforts be made to detect roadway roof separation. Currently, the instrument used for detecting roadway roof separation is the roof-off-the-strata indicator, but its installation and use is complicated and the need is greater than can be managed. This thesis takes ground penetrating radar (GPR) as a means for roof separation detection and analyzes its feasibility for use in detecting roof separation both theoretically and experimentally. First, numerical simulation experiments on roof separation detection are carried out using GprMax2D software. The results show that it is feasible to detect roof separation by using GPR electromagnetic waves. Next, physical simulation experiment on roof separation detection is carried out using MALA GPR (RAMAC/GPR). Lastly, the traditional image segmentation algorithm of 2D maximum between a cluster variance is improved to interpret the GPR signal. Good results were achieved using the improved algorithm to interpret detection signals of roof separation by GPR in a physical simulation experiment. 相似文献
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用高阶统计量方法对探地雷达数据进行处理,基本思路是采用信号识别与检测中的高阶统计量参数,对不同模型的探地雷达数据记录进行处理与重构,结果表明不同模型具有不同阶数的高阶统计量特征。模型实验与实际应用都表明,高阶统计量对压制背景噪声和多次反射波有较好的效果。 相似文献
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利用多层常Q模型描述层状介质探地雷达信号的衰减,并应用谱比法,通过求均方根Q值求得了层状介质每一层的Q值。将波场延拓理论应用到探地雷达信号的反Q滤波数据处理中,其步骤为：假定地下Q模型为多层常Q结构,对每个常Q层,将地表波场记录直接延拓到当前层顶部;在常Q层内对延拓后的波场在时频域采用广义S变换,对信号进行反Q滤波;对滤波结果求广义S反变换,得到反Q滤波后的时域信号。最后利用本方法对合成的3层探地雷达衰减记录和实验得到的2层探地雷达衰减记录进行了振幅和相位补偿,验证了该算法在探地雷达反Q滤波中的正确性和有效性。 相似文献
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In the current research, the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method has been employed to identify physical and geometrical parameters of buried cylindrical structures using the pattern recognition approach. To achieve this goal, the well-established mathematical relationships between geometrical parameters of cylindrical target (radius, burial depth, and horizontal location) and the associated GPR hyperbolic response characteristics are employed using the template matching method. In order to validate the applicability of the template matching method in providing estimates of such parameters, the method is first examined on GPR responses of synthetic models with known geometrical parameters followed by applying on real data using two different similarity criteria including 2-D spatial convolution and normalized cross correlation in the wave number domain. In the first step, the GPR responses of 71 synthetic models encompassing one, two, and three horizontal cylinders were produced using the improved 2-D finite difference in frequency domain. Then, appropriate preprocessing sequences to reduce random noise caused by forward modeling were applied on synthetic data. The proposed algorithm applied on several synthetic model responses could estimate the known geometrical parameters of the buried cylinders with acceptable accuracy (maximum error of 15%). The template matching algorithm was also used to extract geometrical parameters of water and wastewater pipes buried in Imam Hossein Square, Isfahan city, as real GPR data. Depending on environmental conditions and subsurface host formation, the real GPR data normally contain a variety of noises; therefore, a series of appropriate objective preprocessing and processing stages were designed in order to apply on real GPR images before deploying template matching algorithm. The applicability of the template matching algorithm on real data and validity of the estimated parameters were proved based on assessing the accuracy of the estimated geometrical parameters of respective pipes through GPR response versus the measured parameters. The proposed algorithm was designed in such a way that all steps of estimating geometrical parameters of buried cylindrical targets are automatically carried out. 相似文献
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针对探地雷达子波提取问题,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换的子波提取算法。假设探地雷达地下介质模型为线性系统并是时变的,并且子波在传播过程中不变,把子波和地层信息描述为一个时间的积分形式。分数阶傅里叶变换是酉变换,具有保范性,把子波的提取问题转化为在分数阶傅里叶变换域上的最优滤波问题。对分数阶傅里叶变换的阶数p在(－2,2]范围以1/300为步长进行了搜索,在分数阶傅里叶变换域上找到最优解,最后经过分数阶傅里叶变换反变换得到子波估计的时域信号。仿真实验首先验证了分数阶傅里叶变换最优滤波算法的正确性,然后利用探地雷达实验数据提取了子波,验证了该算法在提取子波中的有效性。 相似文献
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利用改进的时域有限差分算法,对不同物理和几何参数条件下各种滑坡要素组成的综合模型进行数值模拟,研究滑带厚度、滑带充填介质、滑体岩土类型、滑坡裂缝等的地质雷达探测响应效果。研究结果表明,具有各自物理和几何参数的滑坡要素与地质雷达响应特征之间存在一一对应的数学关联,通过这种关联可以从野外实测数据中有效提取和判读滑坡要素的类型及物理几何特性,为滑坡稳定性评价提供地球物理依据。为了展示该研究成果的适用性,以三峡库区将军滩滑坡的地质雷达野外实测数据为例进行解释推断,成功识别出滑坡体的滑带埋深及分布、滑体的裂缝发育程度等情况,为评价滑坡稳定性,合理优化滑坡治理方案提供了科学参考。 相似文献
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探地雷达（GPR）是管线渗漏探测的有效方法,但是当地下介质分布较为复杂时,难以直接从GPR数据剖面图中准确识别出渗漏异常区。为此,针对渗漏异常区含水量高的特点,根据反射波系数与介电常数的关系,提出了GPR数据的电场分量成像技术。利用时间域有限差分法（FDTD）模拟了不同介电参数的地质模型在GPR中的电磁波响应,由正演模拟结果可知分界面两侧介质的介电常数差异性越大反射波能量越强。最后将GPR数据的电场分量成像技术应用于某工业区管道渗漏探测中。试验结果表明,管道渗漏异常区在电场分量图谱中表现为高幅值区。 相似文献
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为了更好地分析探地雷达(GPR)叠前逆时偏移算法对实际地下随机分布介质的成像效果,采用随机过程的谱分解和混合型自相关函数理论构建了不同自相关长度的GPR随机介质模型。基于时域有限差分法(FDTD)构建了GPR叠前逆时偏移成像算法,其中FDTD用于计算正传和反传电磁波场,归一化互相关成像条件用于获取逆时偏移成像剖面。在此基础上,利用该算法对两个随机介质模型的多偏移距正演数据进行计算,并与相应背景介质为均匀介质的逆时偏移结果进行对比。结果表明:电磁波在随机介质中散射强烈,反射波扭曲变形、不连续,形成了明显的随机扰动,致使逆时偏移成像剖面的空间分辨率更低,低频噪声更强;自相关长度是影响随机介质中异常体成像效果的主要因素,自相关长度越小,异常体的成像越清晰,自相关长度越大,异常体的成像效果越差,且不易被识别。 相似文献
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阻抗反演是利用波阻抗与介电常数关系开展地下介质参数估计的重要技术,在探地雷达以及叠后地震资料解释中具有广泛的应用。常规阻抗反演需要钻孔或测井曲线作为约束项,约束项信息直接影响阻抗反演的估计精度。在缺少钻孔数据的实际应用中,如何开展探地雷达阻抗反演是该方法研究的重要内容之一。基于上述问题,本文提出了基于速度分析的探地雷达阻抗反演方法。其基本思想是基于多偏移距雷达数据开展速度谱分析和Dix反演,以获得不同深度的速度信息作为阻抗反演的约束项;同时,采用K-means方法自动拾取速度谱信息,大大降低了常规人工拾取误差,提高了计算效率。通过典型随机土壤介质模型,验证了本文方法在无钻孔条件下仍然可以获得较好的介电常数估计结果,并测试噪声适应能力强。最后通过美国密歇根州Wurtsmith AFB,in Oscoda区域的探地雷达数据测试了本文提出方法在探地雷达实测数据参数估计中具有较好的应用效果。 相似文献
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Lawrence B. Conyers 《Geoarchaeology》1995,10(4):275-299
More than 7800 m of digital ground-penetrating radar data were acquired at the buried 6th century archaeological site of Ceren in El Salvador. The data were used to explore for buried structures and map the paleotopography through more than 5 m of volcanic overburden. The archaeological site consists of an agricultural village that was rapidly buried by pyroclastic debris erupted from a nearby volcano, preserving structures, plants, agricultural fields, and much of the surrounding landscape. Ground-penetrating radar profiles were computer-processed to remove system and background noise and time-depth corrected to identify the reflection which represents the ancient ground surface. This buried surface, and the structures built on it, were computer-modeled in two dimensions to aid in anomaly identification and interpretation. Twenty-six buried structures were identified on GPR profiles and an accurate representation of the landscape and environment, as it existed just prior to the eruption, was reconstructed. Ground-penetrating radar is an excellent geophysical tool with which to reconstruct buried landscapes and map cultural features due to its ability to accurately resolve underground features in three dimensions. 相似文献
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L.B. Volkomirskaya O.A. Gulevich V.V. Varenkov V.I. Sakhterov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(4):438-447
The requirements for the performance of a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system for detecting subsurface cavities are analyzed by numerical modeling of the GPR problem. The algorithm used to solve the forward GPR problem is approximated to a real experiment with regard to the design of the GPR system, the parameters of the source and receiver, and their position relative to the medium under study and its inhomogeneity. We calculated the spatiotemporal distribution of the field of the detected signal from a pulse source located at the interface between the medium and a cavity anomaly of a given geometry. The results were used to estimate the dynamic range of the GPR system necessary for determining the anomaly. We also performed GPR surveys of low-contrast inhomogeneities (cavities in mines) using GROT 12 GPR systems and analyzed the survey results by numerical modeling. It is shown that the GPR performance required to detect and locate inhomogeneities of interest at a certain sounding depth can be estimated in the experiment design phase. 相似文献
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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is an effective geophysical method for environmental and engineering exploration. However, significant background interference occurs around most work sites, which increases the difficulty of analyzing and interpreting GPR profiles. For time-distance profile analyses, more accurate results can be obtained using the instantaneous parameters of the analytic signals. In this study, these instantaneous parameters are extracted and compared using 1D model waveform and 2D model strong interference profiles. The results show that the instantaneous amplitude gradient effectively reflects the model information, even under strong interference. The instantaneous amplitude gradient is applied to GPR survey data from a study site, and the results indicate that the technique reflects the underground structure information of the survey area. Drilling verification further confirms that the instantaneous amplitude gradient accurately reflects the underground structure information. 相似文献
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路面塌陷及地下空洞隐患往往较为隐蔽且事发突然,造成了人们生命和财产的巨大损失,对于道路塌陷及地下空洞隐患的检测分析显得至关重要。探地雷达(Groud Penetrating Radar, GPR)因其具有精度高、效率快、连续无损、实时成像等优点,是目前城市道路塌陷隐患探测的主要方法。针对GPR传统目标函数全波形反演(Full Waveform Inversion, FWI)中激励源子波估计不准确而导致反演准确性和可靠性降低的问题,提出了一种褶积型目标函数FWI算法。对于路面塌陷及地下空洞2种情况,通过建立合成数据模型,与传统目标函数FWI的反演结果进行对比,说明了褶积型目标函数FWI算法在激励源子波估计不准确的情况下依然可以得到良好的反演结果,验证了该算法的有效性;最后将该算法用于2组不同灾害类型的GPR实测数据中,分析反演得到的地下介质相对介电常数分布情况,验证了褶积型目标函数FWI算法对于实测数据的实用性,从而为路基地下异常体探测提供理论依据。 相似文献
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在井下采煤工作面回采进程中,及时掌握工作面煤层前方的异常情况,是煤矿安全、高效生产的保障。探地雷达是一种高效、无损伤探测方法,被广泛应用在矿井。针对探地雷达探测异常体响应的图像解译精度与成像精度取得了显著的成果,而如何用探地雷达去圈定地质异常体位置与空间分布范围是研究的热点问题。提出一种多剖面与线性插值融合的采煤工作面内部异常体精准探测新方法。主要研究思路：首先,通过时域有限差分算法（finite-difference time-domain, 简称 FDTD）对构建煤层空洞、断层的三维模型进行正演模拟,通过克希霍夫偏移处理大致圈定异常体的响应范围;其次,获取存在异常体响应的单道波数据的多剖面图,通过线性插值确定异常体的精确位置坐标与具体尺寸,引入面积评价标准来验证探测结果的相似度;最后使用 LTD-2600 型的探地雷达与 900 MHz的屏蔽天线对构建的空洞物理模型进行现场试验,将获得空洞计算剖面与实际空洞尺寸进行对比验证;并在斜沟煤矿 18201工作面开展应用,验证方法的有效性。实践证明,应用此方法对雷达剖面图进行分析,分析结果表明实测空间位置与实际空间位置的误差均在10%以下,可相对准确圈定工作面异常体的具体尺寸与空间分布范围。 相似文献