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The super cyclone in October 1999 was the most intense tropical cyclone in the last century in Orissa, a coastal state in India. This state was battered for more than two days by strong winds and intense rain killing thousands of people. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of total precipitable water content (TPWC) and surface wind speed data from sensors on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Defense Meteorological Satellite Project (DMSP), and Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (OceanSat-I) satellites on the data assimilation system at NCMRWF, New Delhi during the Orissa cyclone period. Comparison of various assimilation experiments suggests that the utilization of TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) data in the assimilation produced the best analyses. However, in all the forecasts, the storm was predicted to weaken and did not have a reasonably good track. Assimilation experiments with the other two satellite data showed the cyclone track much to the south of the observed track and also it was a weak storm. Biases in the data, when compared with each other, are evident in the analyses also. Better analyses are obtained when the satellite data are used in the originally obtained resolution than when reduced by averaging. A forecast experiment with assimilated data, utilizing the Cloud Motion Vectors (CMVs) from METEOSAT along with TMI data, produced the best forecast among all the experiments. However, the forecast quality was poor. A high-resolution data assimilation experiment was carried out to see the impact of model resolution on the analyses of the cyclone. The strength of the cyclone further increased when higher resolution TMI data were included. The study highlights the need for more satellite data over the Indian Ocean, where conventional data coverage is too poor to define the vertical structure of the atmosphere. 相似文献
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随着数值天气预报技术和季节动力预报系统的发展,短期天气预报及长期气候预测的能力持续提高,然而介于两者之间的次季节至季节(S2S,两周至三个月)预测技巧偏低,成为当今气象学界和业务服务的难题。南京信息工程大学国家特聘专家李天明教授团队于2012年研发了基于时空投影技术的统计预报模型(STPM),成功地对中国大陆降水和气温距平,以及区域极端降水、夏季高温、冬季低温和西太平洋台风群发事件等高影响天气进行提前10~30 d的预报,并在国家气候中心及多个省份开展了业务应用。STPM也成功应用于台湾春雨预报、南海季风爆发和ENSO预测等季节至年际变化的预测。本文对S2S预测的理论基础、STPM的发展和应用进行了完整的介绍,并讨论了S2S预测业务中所面临的挑战和未来展望。 相似文献
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2004年台风“艾利”与“米雷”路径异常变化分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
2004年西北太平洋上生成的台风"艾利"和"米雷"开始都是向西北方向移动,当快要进入东海时两个台风的路径均发生变化,"艾利"转向西南方向,形成倒抛物线形的路径,而"米雷"突然向东北方向转折。通过对这两个台风的不同时间尺度环境场及其与台风相互作用的分析表明,对于西南转向的"艾利",副热带高压(副高)西伸明显,台风位于副高的南侧,天气尺度风场对副高低频分量的涡度平流,使得台风西北侧出现负涡度,同时由于罗斯贝波能量频散,台风东南侧出现负涡度,与负涡度相联系的天气尺度异常环流导致台风西北侧和东南侧的天气尺度引导气流的作用相互抵消,台风主要在低频环流引导下向西南方向移动;对于突然向东北转向的"米雷",副高位置偏东,转向时刻只有东南侧增强的天气尺度西南风,天气尺度引导气流导致台风向东北转折。 相似文献
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引入双三次数值模式:双三次数值模式是通过作三次样条与双三次曲面拟合,实现各个大气要素量场的二阶可导,从而可对各个预报方程作时间积分。双三次数值模式适合采用大气运动原始方程组和采用水平方向准拉格朗日/垂直方向欧拉时间积分方案。且本文的全球(Z)双三次数值模式与个例模拟实际采用Navier-Stokes"浅薄大气"原始方程组,建立球面Z坐标系上的非静力、全可压、干/湿绝热大气运动动力框架。其离散化气压、气温预报方程与个例模拟揭示出大气运动中凝结降水,其天气学原因不仅是湿空气作Z坐标垂直上升运动,而且是湿空气被"减压/减温",即湿空气作P坐标"垂直上升运动",后者可由大气平流运动(如Rossby波)引起。 相似文献
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"海棠"台风对褐飞虱灾变性迁入影响的个例研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对1991-2005年中国褐飞虱灯诱资料和登陆台风数据的调研,分析了台风对褐飞虱灾变性迁入的影响.研究发现:这15 a中共有52个台风登陆我国东部稻区,其中16个台风对褐飞虱的迁入带来了重大影响.台风对褐飞虱迁入影响最大的是2005年,其次是1991年和1997年.在2005年登陆我国的9个台风中有6个台风对我国褐飞虱迁入产生了重大影响,其中对夏季迁飞影响最大的是海棠台风.本文选取海棠台风作为研究个例,将这一个例的虫情数据导入GIS中进行降落特征的空间分析,再结合相关气象资料对台风登陆期间的大气动力背景进行了客观分析,通过分析初步揭示了风场、垂直流场和降水在褐飞虱降落过程中的作用. 相似文献
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Eric A. Betterton 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1993,17(4):307-324
An experimental study is described of Fe(III)-S(IV) formation constants measured as a function of pH (1–3), ionic strength (0.2–0.5 M) and [Fe(III)]
T
(2.5–5.0×10–4 M) using a continuous-flow spectrophotometric technique to make observations 160 ms after mixing. Preliminary experiments using pulse-accelerated-flow (PAF) spectrophotometry to measure rate constants on a microsecond timescale are also described. The conditional formation constant at 25 °C can be modeled with the following equation: {ie307-1} where {ie307-2}K
7 andK
8 can be interpreted as intrinsic constants for the coordination of HSO
3
–
by FeOH2+ and Fe3+, respectively, but until further evidence is obtained they should be regarded as fitting constants. PAF spectrophotometry showed that the initial reaction of Fe(III) with S(IV) (pH 2.0) is characterized by a second-order rate constant of 4×106 M–1 s–1 which is comparable to rate of reaction of FeOH2+ with SO
4
2–
. However, the PAF results should be regarded as preliminary since unexpected features in the initial data indicate that the reaction may be more complex than expected. 相似文献
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扩展经验正交函数(EEOF)及其在月、季降水预测中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文提出一种降水长期预测的新方案，用扩展经验正交函数(EEOF)展开连续月组成的月（季）降水分布场，求取各月的特征向量场和对应的时间权重系数，分析各场的天气学意义及前后承替的相互关系，用前期出现的特征向量场的特征来预测后期的降水场分布趋势，同时利用特征向量场所对应的时间系数作二维点聚图，估算预报月（季）份的降水总趋势。 相似文献
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本文提出一种降水长期预测的新方案，用扩展经验正交函数展开边疆月组成的月（季）降水分布场，求取各月特征向量场和对应的时间权重系数，分析各场的天气学意义及前后承替的相互关系，用前期出现的特征向量场的特征来预测后期的降水场分布趋势，同时利用特征向量场所对应的时间系数作二维点聚图，估算预报月（季）份的降水总趋势。 相似文献
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本文综述了黑河实验数据库的建立过程及其技术措施，并简单介绍了ＨＤＢ的内容和科学价值，总结了ＨＤＢ建立过程中的经验，这对今后类似数据库的建立，用户如何有效使用ＨＤＢ的数据有一定的参考价值，对于人们进一步了解ＨＤＢ并充分发挥ＨＤＢ在我国科学研究中的作用有一定的指导意义。 相似文献