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1.
滑坡地下水环境的变化对滑带土的强度和变形参数有着极大的影响，并影响滑坡的稳定性。三峡库区受到库水位升降及降雨入渗的影响，使得发育于该地区滑坡的滑带土含水率及离子浓度一直处于不断的变化中。以重庆万州区兴福寺滑坡为例，针对滑带土重塑样，采用 Ｘ 射线衍射分析了其矿物成分，然后进行了不同含水率下固结排水直剪试验、不同ＳＯ２－４ 离子浓度下滑带土的固结排水慢剪试验以及不同 ＳＯ２－４ 离子浓度下滑带土直剪反复剪切试验。试验结果表明:滑带土成分以黏土矿物、石 英、钠 长 石 等 为 主，其中黏土矿物以伊蒙混层、伊 利 石为主；含水率对滑带土抗剪强度指标的影响较为明显，具体为黏聚力随含水率的增大而增大，内摩擦角随含水率的增大而减小；ＳＯ２－４ 离子浓度对滑带土抗剪强度指标的影响也较为显著，随 着 ＳＯ２－４ 离子浓度的增大，黏聚力 与内摩擦角均减小；滑带土经过反复剪切后，残余强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角均随着ＳＯ２－４ 离子浓度的增大而减小。 相似文献
2.
水库滑坡变形破坏受其岩土体蠕变特性及环境因素的影响。当滑坡进入加速变形阶段后,变形骤然增大,失稳概率增加。为了研究滑坡岩土体蠕变特性及其稳定性,选取锦屏一级水电站呷爬滑坡为研究对象,采用坡表位移监测曲线分析与室内三轴蠕变试验相结合的方法,建立了Burgers蠕变模型结合FLAC3D软件进行了滑坡稳定性研究。分析坡表位移-时间曲线发现,坡体变形特征与一般滑坡土体的蠕变特征具有相似性,滑带土室内三轴蠕变试验结果表明,滑带土变形可划分为瞬时蠕变、减速蠕变与稳定蠕变3个阶段,同时其瞬时变形量、稳定蠕变速率均随围压以及应力水平的增大而增大。基于滑带土蠕变特性的Burgers蠕变模型的计算结果,对比了常规强度折减法与考虑蠕变的强度折减法的滑坡稳定性系数,计算结果表明呷爬滑坡目前处于稳定状态,在一个计算周期内考虑蠕变的强度折减法较常规强度折减法的稳定性系数下降了0.04,因此,揭示滑坡土体蠕变特性并在此基础上研究其稳定性具有实际意义。 相似文献
3.
在三轴条件下,对饱和土(砂土和黏土)进行排水与不排水条件下的冲击试验及冲击后再固结试验,对比研究了不同渗透性土在不同排水条件下的冲击动力响应和冲击后再固结性状.结果表明:饱和黏土不排水冲击时的孔隙水压力随冲击击数增加而升高并逐渐稳定,排水冲击时的孔隙水压力则是先达到峰值然后有所下降;砂土不排水冲击时的冲击能量对孔隙水压力影响最明显;饱和砂土不排水冲击时的轴向应变与冲击击数呈近似线性关系,饱和黏土冲击及饱和砂土排水冲击则呈近二次曲线关系;饱和砂土不排水冲击后再固结阶段的孔隙水压力立即消散为0,同时体变迅速增大到一定值;饱和黏土在冲击后再固结阶段的孔隙水压力在一定时间内逐渐消散完毕,同时体变逐渐增大;饱和黏土排水冲击时,冲击阶段产生的体变占冲击引起总体变的39%~49%,冲击后再固结阶段产生的体变占51%~61%;砂土和黏土的总体变均表现为排水冲击明显大于不排水冲击,改善冲击时的排水条件有利于提高加固效果. 相似文献
4.
非饱和土在不同含水率条件下的基质吸力及其抗剪强度对降雨型浅层土质滑坡的防治具有重要意义. 以武陵山区湘西北慈利县陈溪峪滑坡为例,选取了滑坡不同λ置的多组粉质黏土原状样,首先利用现场双环渗透 试验测定其饱和渗透系数,通过室内土－水特征试验获取其水－力相互作用参数,并利用 VG 模型和 Mualem 模 型分别得到试样的土－水特征(SWCC)曲线和渗透系数函数(HCF)曲线;进而开展非饱和土直剪试验,研究不同 含水率条件下滑体粉质黏土的抗剪强度变化规律.试验结果表明:不同水力·径下,粉质黏土土－水特征曲线和 渗透系数函数曲线具有明显滞后效应,干密度越小则滞后效应越明显,基质吸力对体积含水率的敏感性就越小; 粉质黏土由饱和状态到非饱和状态,基质吸力增大提高了黏聚力,导致土体抗剪强度不断增大.研究结论可为降 雨型浅层土质滑坡的防治提供科学依据. 相似文献
5.
土工格室加筋正常固结粉质黏土对工程建设意义重大。基于土工格室与填土的相互作用机制和增量法,采用弹塑性理论、邓肯-张双曲线模型、修正剑桥屈服函数以及剪胀方程,推导了土工格室加筋正常固结黏土的应力应变响应计算模型,进行了土工格室加筋正常固结黏土的三轴固结排水剪切试验,实测不同围压下的应力应变关系,采用三轴试验结果验证了所提理论模型的正确性和可靠性。此外,采用所提理论模型进行了参数敏感分析,研究了填土的力学性质参数、格室的网格尺寸和力学性质参数对于加筋土应力应变响应的影响。研究结论表明,与砂砾料相似,土工格室约束作用对于正常固结黏土的内摩擦角影响较小,而黏聚力有所增加;随着轴向应变的增加或围压的减小,加筋效果逐渐明显;加筋正常固结黏土的强度和刚度随着非线性弹性常数k的增加、强度参数φ的增加和Rf的减小而增大,常数n对于加筋土应力应变响应影响较小。本研究成果可为工程建设提供理论借鉴。 相似文献
6.
为研究融雪作用下黄土-卵砾石接触面残余强度,以新疆伊犁谷地某黄土-卵砾石接触面滑坡为例,通过自制模具,制作黄土-卵砾石接触面环剪试样,开展不同含水率黄土-卵砾石接触面环剪试验,并通过扫描电镜（SEM）,从微观结构角度探究水对黄土-卵砾石接触面残余强度的影响。试验结果表明:黄土-卵砾石接触面抗剪强度随着含水率的增加而减小,剪切过程中存在应变软化现象,随着正应力及含水量的增加,应变软化现象越不明显;黄土-卵砾石接触面残余强度随着法向应力的增大而增大,且存在较好的线性关系,符合摩尔库伦强度准则;黄土-卵砾石接触面残余强度参数随着含水率的增加而降低,以含水率w=18%为界（塑限含水率19.1%附近）,当含水率为10%~18%时,残余内摩擦角φr变化较小（Δφr=5.4°）,当含水率为18%~26%时,残余内摩擦角φr变化较大（Δφr=9.0°）;微观结构方面,随着含水率的增加,黄土-卵砾石接触面形成软化"泥膜",部分填充了卵砾石凹凸部分,剪切面较为光滑,在剪切过程中,黏粒更加分散,附着在黄土颗粒表面,部分填充孔隙,起润滑作用,降低了残余强度。本文的研究成果可以为新疆伊犁谷地黄土-卵砾石接触面型滑坡形成机理研究及工程防治提供科学参考。 相似文献
7.
花岗岩在不同含水率条件下的变形破坏特征和机制对此类工程岩体稳定性评价具有重要的意义。开展不同含水率黑云母二长花岗岩单轴压缩试验,分析破坏特征和应力-应变曲线特征,开展断口扫描电镜试验,分析微观形貌特征,研究破坏机制。试验结果表明:黑云母二长花岗岩具有明显的应变软化特征;随含水率增大,曲线上微裂隙压密阶段长度逐渐增加,稳定破裂阶段及非稳定破裂阶段长度均逐渐缩短,但所占比例增大,曲线上峰前阶段涨落交替现象加剧;饱和时单轴抗压强度和弹性模量相比干燥时分别降低了40.68%,20.3%;变形破坏过程可大致分为以下5个阶段:平静期、裂纹萌生期、裂纹扩展伴随颗粒弹射期、片状碎片剥落伴随颗粒弹射期及崩落式破坏期;随含水率增大,花岗岩破坏时的剧烈程度、发出的声响及脆性程度均逐渐降低;花岗岩破坏机制为拉-剪复合破坏,低含水率时以压致拉张破坏为主,随含水率增大呈现拉张破坏减少而剪切破坏增多的趋势,饱和时以剪破坏为主。研究结果可为黑云二长花岗岩与水之间的耦合模型构建提供理论支撑,对水-岩耦合环境下工程岩体稳定性分析具有重要科学意义。 相似文献
8.
岩石蠕变特性对岩体工程的长期稳定有着重要影响, 尤其是在酸雨等水化学作用下, 岩石的细观结构遭到破坏, 蠕变特性及变形更为显著。以重庆二佛寺红层砂岩为研究对象, 通过开展室内三轴压缩分级蠕变试验, 研究了酸腐蚀状态下砂岩的蠕变特性。结果表明: 酸的腐蚀和浸泡会使砂岩内部孔隙增加, 导致砂岩在第一级荷载下会产生较大的瞬时应变和蠕变量, 之后瞬时应变量和蠕变量随着应力增加而增大; 岩样受到腐蚀软化, 蠕变破坏强度为抗压强度的76%, 长期强度仅为抗压强度的54%。为了描述蠕变全过程, 建立了一个损伤蠕变模型来拟合试验数据, 验证了其适用性, 可以为岩土工程建设的稳定性提供参考。 相似文献
9.
黄土高原广泛沉积的新近纪红黏土序列对东亚古气候具有重要的指示意义。通过甘肃灵台红黏土剖面7.0、6.5、5.5、3.2Ma沉积物和山西保德红黏土剖面6.56、5.24、3.50 Ma沉积物碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄的对比,表明黄土高原不同区域红黏土沉积物物源在空间上具有一致性,而在时间上具有差异性。通过与周缘潜在物源区碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄对比,可将黄土高原红黏土沉积物物源的差异划分为3个沉积阶段:第一阶段(5.7~7.0 Ma)物源主要为西昆仑山、帕米尔高原;第二阶段(3.4~5.7 Ma)物源主要来自塔克拉玛干沙漠;第三阶段(2.6~3.4 Ma)物源主要为阿拉善区域。红黏土沉积物物源的变化表明2.6~7.0 Ma处于西风逐渐减弱伴随东亚季风逐渐增强的过程,物源的两次变化对应于约5.7Ma墨西拿盐度危机和约3.4Ma青藏高原的隆升,说明青藏高原以及中国西部山脉的隆升和板块运动控制下的特提斯洋演化是影响黄土高原风成沉积的重要因素。 相似文献
10.
土的抗剪强度指标受含水率、剪切速率以及土样的类别等多个因素的影响。为了研究不同剪切速率对风化砂改良膨胀
土的抗剪强度指标的影响规律,分别在2.4,0.8mm/min剪切速率下对不同含水率和不同掺砂比例的风化砂改良膨胀土样进行
了室内直剪试验,得到了不同剪切速率下改良膨胀土的抗剪强度指标值。试验表明:采用2.4mm/min的剪切速率测得的抗剪强
度指标比采用0.8mm/min的剪切速率测得的值要大;通过对比试验数据可知,剪切速率对内摩擦角的影响比对黏聚力的影响相
对来说较小,对砂土的抗剪强度指标的影响比对黏土的抗剪强度指标要小,对含水率较小的土样的抗剪强度指标的影响比对含水
率大的土样的抗剪强度指标要大。对于风化砂改良膨胀土的抗剪强度指标的测定时的剪切速率应采用规范要求的0.8mm/min。 相似文献
土的抗剪强度指标的影响规律,分别在2.4,0.8mm/min剪切速率下对不同含水率和不同掺砂比例的风化砂改良膨胀土样进行
了室内直剪试验,得到了不同剪切速率下改良膨胀土的抗剪强度指标值。试验表明:采用2.4mm/min的剪切速率测得的抗剪强
度指标比采用0.8mm/min的剪切速率测得的值要大;通过对比试验数据可知,剪切速率对内摩擦角的影响比对黏聚力的影响相
对来说较小,对砂土的抗剪强度指标的影响比对黏土的抗剪强度指标要小,对含水率较小的土样的抗剪强度指标的影响比对含水
率大的土样的抗剪强度指标要大。对于风化砂改良膨胀土的抗剪强度指标的测定时的剪切速率应采用规范要求的0.8mm/min。 相似文献
11.
Effect of clay content to the strength of gravel soil in the source region of debris flow 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The production of runoff in the source area of a debris flow is the consequence of a reduction in soil strength. Gravel soil is widely distributed in the source region, and the influence of its clay content on soil strength is one of the important questions regarding the formation mechanism of debris flows. In this paper, the clay content in gravel soil is divided into groups of low clay content(1%, 2, 5%), moderate clay content(3.75%, 5.00%, 6.25%, 7.5%) and high clay content(10.0%, 12.5%, 15%). Tests of the unconsolidated undrained shear strength and consolidated drained shear strength were performed. The unconsolidated undrained shearing(UU) experiment simulates the rapid shear failure of loose gravel soil under the conditions of brief heavy rainfall. The consolidated drained shearing(CD) experiment simulates creep failure of consolidated sediment during extended rainfall. The pore water pressure first increased and then decreased as the clay content increased, and the increase in pore pressure was relatively high in the gravel soil sample when the clay content is in the range of 3.25-7.50%, and stress in the gravel soil is relatively low for a moderate clay content. Gravelly soils with a moderate clay content are moreprone to debris-flow initiation. This paper presents a mathematical formula for the maximum shear stress and clay content of gravel soil under two conditions. The key processes whereby the soil fails and triggers a debris flow—volume contraction of soil, expansion of clay soil, and rise of pore pressure―cause reductions in the soil friction force and enhancement of the water content in the clay particles, and subsurface erosion of soil reduces the soil viscosity, which eventually reduces the soil strength so that the soil loses its stability, liquefies and generates a debris flow. 相似文献
12.
In this study, a flume experiment was designed to investigate the characteristics of wave-induced pore water pressure in the soil of a silty seabed with different clay contents, soil layer buried depths and wave heights respectively. The study showed that water waves propagating over silty seabed can induce significant change of pore water pressure, and the amplitude of pore pressure depends on depth of buried soil layer, clay content and wave height, which are considered as the three influencing factors for pore water pressure change. The pressure will attenuate according to exponential law with increase of soil layer buried depth, and the attenuation being more rapid in those soil layers with higher clay content and greater wave height. The pore pressure in silty seabed increases rapidly in the initial stage of wave action, then decreases gradually to a stable value, depending on the depth of buried soil layer, clay content and wave height. The peak value of pore pressure will increase if clay content or depth of buried soil layer decreases, or wave height increases. The analysis indicated that these soils with 5% clay content and waves with higher wave height produce instability in bed easier, and that the wave energy is mostly dissipated near the surface of soils and 5% clay content in soils can prevent pore pressure from dissipating immediately. 相似文献
13.
SHAN Bo WANG Changming DONG Quanyang TANG Ling ZHANG Guangyi WEI Jiaming 《世界地质(英文版)》2010,13(2):79-84
The collapsibility of loess ground can directly affect stability of subgrade. Therefore, how to adopt practical technical measures to reduce or eliminate its collapse deformation is an important content in foundation design in collapsible loess zone. Selecting collapsible loess from Fuxin-Chaoyang highway in Liaoning, the authors conducted a series of tests for improving loess with cement. The loess in different water content was mixed with the cement in varying proportions, unconfined compression strength for the samples at four different curing periods were tested, and the relationships of improved soil strength among cement mixture ratio and curing periods were analyzed. When the curing periods are certain, the strength of loess increases along with the mixture ratio increases; when the cement mixture ratio is 5%-15%, the scope of increases is quite obvious; when the mixture ratio is greater than 15%, the tendency of intensity increases turns slow. When the mixture ratio for the specimen is certain, the intensity of the test specimen increases along with the curing period increases, the intensity grows obviously in 28 days, and the growth rate is small in 28-90 days, the intensity tends to be steady in the curing period of 90 days. 相似文献
14.
Variation characteristics of temperature and moisture content of seasonal frozen soil during freezing process in Changchun, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In China, seasonal frozen soil is widely distributed. The freezing damage of subgrade soil in Jilin Province has been one of major engineering geological problems troubling the safety of road, in which some common damage phenomena, such as frost heave, subsidence deformation and frost boiling, are all caused bywater translocation. Aiming at the phenomenon, the changes of moisture content of seasonal frozen soil in Changchun City are mainly studied by long-term field observation and indoor testing of physical properties under different conditions, and then the variation characteristics of moisture content in soil under different compactness and temperature conditions are realized. The results show that the increasing section of moisture content and negative temperature section all lie in 0.0-1.0 m of subgrade. Both lowest air and earth temperature occur in January to February, and the most negative temperature ranges from -7 ℃ to -10 ℃. 相似文献
15.
WANG Qing FAN Jianhua FANG Ming ZHANG Li .College of Construction Engineering Jilin University Changchun China .China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design Research Institute Changchun China 《东北亚地学研究》2009,12(1):13-16
In China, seasonal frozen soil is widely distributed. The freezing damage of subgrade soil in Jilin Province has been one of major engineering geological problems troubling the safety of road, in which some common damage phenomena, such as frost heave, subsidence deformation and frost boiling, are all caused by water translocation. Aiming at the phenomenon, the changes of moisture content of seasonal frozen soil in Changchun City are mainly studied by long-term field observation and indoor testing of physical properties under different conditions, and then the variation characteristics of moisture content in soil under different compactness and temperature conditions are realized. The results show that the increasing section of moisture content and negative temperature section all lie in O. 0 - 1.0 m of subgrade. Both lowest air and earth temperature occur in January to February, and the most negative temperature ranges from -7℃ to -10℃. 相似文献
16.
In this paper,the process of wind erosion on two kinds of soil from the agro-pastoral area of Inner Mongolia are studied using wind tunnel experiments,considering the wind speed,blown angle of wind and soil moisture content.The results showed that the modulus of soil wind erosion increases with an increase of wind speed.When the wind speed exceeds a critical value,the soil wind erosion suddenly increases.The critical speed for both kinds of soil is within the range of 7-8m·s-1.For a constant wind speed,the rate of soil wind erosion changes from increasing to falling at a critical soil slope.The critical slope of loam soil and sandy loam soil is 20° and 10°,respectively.Soil moisture content has a significant effect on wind erosion.Soil wind erosion of both soils decreases with an increase of the soil water content in two treatments,however,for treatment two,the increasing trends of wind erosion for two soils with the falling of soil water content are no significant,especially for the loam soil,and in the same soil water content,the wind erosion of two soils in treatment one is significantly higher than treatment two,this indicates reducing the disturbance of soil surface can evidently control the soil wind erosion. 相似文献
17.
为了探讨首次在闽西发现的网纹红土的成因,采用将永安地区网纹红土的粒度实验结果与典型风成沉积物、现代河流沉积物以及其他地区的网纹红土相对比的方法,对位于闽西永安地区的网纹红土剖面进行了粒度分析。结果表明:永安地区网纹红土以粉砂级组分为主,黏粒组分次之,砂级组分最少,全部样品属于黏土质粉砂;剖面从上到下粉砂级组分、黏粒组分逐渐增多,砂级组分明显逐渐减少;10~50 μm粒组体积分数均值为29.71%,远低于典型风成沉积物;沉积物岩性三角图、粒度参数特征、粒度参数散点图、Mz-A图和Mz-L图以及频率曲线显示永安地区网纹红土不是风积成因,但也不是典型的冲积成因;判别函数结果均为正值,显示了水成成因;永安地区网纹红土的成因是两方面的,为冲积成因下经过强烈化学风化作用的产物,福建其他地区、江西泰和以及广东东江一级阶地的网纹红土也具有相同成因。研究结果进一步明确了福建省境内网纹红土的分布,同时更深入理解与认识了网纹红土的成因。 相似文献
18.
为了分析冻土地基中输电线路基础发生冻拔破坏的科学问题, 以锥管板条装配式基础为研究对象, 采用室内模型试验测试及分析的研究方法, 开展了不同环境温度下, 冻土地基的冻结试验和基础的上拔加载试验, 分析了地基温度场、位移场的分布特征以及基础抗拔承载力与温度之间的关系, 揭示出上拔荷载作用下冻土地基的破坏模式。研究结果表明: 冻结试验中, 模型基础的冻拔位移均小于周围地基土体的冻胀位移, 基础对地基土体的冻胀存在反约束作用, 距离基础越近, 约束作用越明显; 不同冻结环境温度下基础的上拔加载试验中, 抗拔极限承载力均随环境温度的降低近似呈线性增大, 增加速率接近1.8 kN/℃; 在冻结与上拔力双重作用下, 地基土体首先出现局部张拉破坏, 随着上拔荷载的不断增加, 地基土体逐渐由局部张拉破坏过渡为整体剪切破坏。研究成果可为这种形式的基础在冻土地基中的应用提供理论依据和实践经验。 相似文献