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1.
分析研究了两种砂土在排水平面应变压缩PSC试验和不排水三轴压缩TC试验条件下的加载速率效应,既实现了不同恒定应变率加载条件下的试验,也实现了不同的加载阶段采用不同的恒定应变率（即应变率分阶段变化）的试验。在加载速率为不同恒定应变率时,砂土的应力-应变响应是唯一的,与应变率无关。在加载速率分阶段变化时,依据应力-应变关系对应变率突变的响应程度,对砂土的加载速率效应进行了评价。分析结果表明,砂土应力-应变关系的加载速率效应表现为黏性消散特性,在应变率发生突变的瞬间,由于应变加速度的影响,应力-应变曲线也相应地突变并表现为刚度很大,近似弹性的特性,随着应变的进一步增加,这一近似弹性的行为逐渐消失。 相似文献
2.
《岩土力学》2021,(4)
在飞机荷载长期作用下,粉土道基累积塑性应变发展特性会发生改变。为揭示荷载频率和压实度对粉土道基累积塑性变形的影响规律,开展了室内大型动三轴试验。试验结果表明,不同循环应力比条件下,击实粉土试样的累积塑性应变发展规律可分为3种:塑性安定、塑性蠕变和增量破坏,压实度对累积塑性应变及临界循环应力比均有影响,荷载频率对加载前期的累积塑性变形发展速率影响较为显著;同时,较小压力水平条件下,压实度对试样回弹特性影响较大,压实度越大,试样回弹模量越大。针对稳定型粉土试样累积塑性应变的发展特点,提出了考虑压实度和荷载频率共同影响的累积塑性应变模型,并利用试验数据对模型拟合,发现相同压实度或荷载频率下,各拟合参数与循环应力比呈较好的线性关系;在此基础上对各参数进行归一处理,确定了各参数与循环应力比、压实度和荷载频率的变化关系。 相似文献
3.
统一黏塑性理论假设材料的应变仅由弹性应变和黏塑性应变组成。包含应力的黏塑性应变率表达方式,可以清晰地体现岩石材料应力增长率随应变加载速率相关的特性、在持续的偏压下的蠕变特性以及在恒定的应变下的松弛特性,但微分方程表示的本构模型在实际运用中存在计算上的困难。将无损伤Lemaitre统一黏塑性模型转换成关于应力的积分形式,并运用一致渐进展开算法得到其近似解,最后建立了基于近似解的牛顿迭代格式。开展了不同围压条件下泥质粉砂岩的三轴松弛试验,并将试验数据用于黏塑性模型的参数反分析,结果表明模型能够较好地反映泥质粉砂岩在长期作用下的力学行为特征。 相似文献
4.
《岩土力学》2017,(1):133-140
传统塑性剪胀模型在描述应力比和塑性应变增量关系时都是基于共轴塑性流动法则,从而认为土体的剪胀性仅与应力比有关。大量试验结果表明,在涉及主应力轴变化的复杂应力条件下塑性流动过程中应力-应变是非共轴的,因而在分析砂土剪胀特性时非共轴是不可忽视的因素。为了研究主应力轴变化的复杂应力条件下非共轴对砂土剪胀特性的影响,利用空心圆柱仪对饱和砂土进行了一系列定轴剪切试验、纯主应力轴旋转试验以及组合加载试验。试验结果表明,不同应力路径下应力-应变非共轴都会引起剪胀曲线偏离Rowe直线,通过Gutiereez提出的考虑非共轴因子的修正剪胀方程可以修正非共轴引起的偏差,从而使得Rowe剪胀方程适用于涉及主应力轴旋转等更加复杂的加载条件。 相似文献
5.
为研究冻土在复杂应力路径下的力学特性,利用自主研发的冻土三轴仪,进行了广义三轴压缩应力状态、平面应变应力状态和真三轴应力状态下的压缩试验,分析了冻结砂在不同应力状态下的强度演化规律和变形特性。试验结果表明：当小主应力相同时,冻结砂在广义三轴压缩应力状态、平面应变应力状态和真三轴应力状态下的强度和应力-应变曲线的斜率依次增大,小主应力对冻土的强度起到提高作用;小主应力方向始终产生膨胀变形;体应变随着大主应变的增加呈现先剪缩后剪胀的趋势,且在同一试验类型下,小主应力对体应变影响程度较小;同一试验加载条件下,小主应力越小,偏应力与球应力之比的位置越高;从广义三轴压缩应力状态至平面应变应力状态再到真三轴应力状态,试样的破坏强度依次提升。 相似文献
6.
主应力旋转将加速孔压和塑性应变的累积,影响土体的力学特性。为研究主应力轴循环旋转对 固结饱和粉质黏土孔压和变形的影响,利用GDS-HCA试验系统开展了不同应力路径的 固结饱和粉质黏土不排水循环三轴试验和循环扭剪试验,研究了主应力轴循环旋转对 固结饱和粉质黏土累积塑性应变、孔压等动力特性的影响。结果表明：动剪应力幅值、心形应力路径所包围的面积、循环偏应力幅值等均随循环剪应力比和循环动应力比的增大而增大。试样未发生破坏时, 固结饱和粉质黏土的孔压比随着振动荷载作用次数的增加而增大;当试样发生破坏时,孔隙压力迅速消散,孔压比急剧下降。循环扭剪试验时试件产生的轴向累积塑性应变始终大于循环三轴试验产生的累积塑性应变,说明主应力轴循环旋转会加速试件轴向应变的累积。试件的累积塑性应变随循环剪应力比和循环动应力比的增大而增大。循环动应力比越大时,主应力轴旋转造成的轴向累积塑性应变差异越显著。在Monismith幂次函数模型的基础上,建立了主应力轴循环旋转条件时K0固结饱和粉质黏土累积塑性应变方程,并对模型的可靠性进行了分析和验证。 相似文献
7.
通过对西安地区不同湿度原状Q2黄土的单轴蠕变试验和三轴蠕变试验,得到了Q2黄土的单轴、三轴蠕变曲线和应力-应变等时曲线。试验曲线分析表明,Q2黄土具有明显的非线性流变特性。Q2黄土的粘弹性特性可采用五元件广义的Kelvin模型来描述,其线性粘塑性特性可用与一滑块并联的Maxwell模型来描述,而非线性粘塑性特性可通过损伤与塑性应变的耦合作用来反映。在考虑损伤门槛值的统计损伤及黄土粘弹塑性组合模型的基础上,应用应变等效原理,建立了考虑瞬时损伤的统计损伤流变模型,并通过拟牛顿法确定了相应的模型参数。该模型能够很好地模拟黄土流变非线性特征,该模型不仅参数较少,而且适用性较广。 相似文献
8.
《岩土力学》2021,(4)
实际列车运营条件下相邻列车间存在一定的时间间隔,因此,列车对路基的长期作用由列车通过时的振动加载和无列车通过时的荷载间歇组成,即间歇性循环荷载。为探究路基在列车间歇性动荷载作用下的变形特性,开展了连续加载与间歇加载(单级、多级加载)的动三轴试验,研究了间歇加载下累积塑性应变的发展规律,并提出了相应的累积塑性应变预测模型。研究结果表明,间歇加载提高了试样抵抗荷载的能力、降低了累积塑性变形的发展;间歇加载下试样的累积塑性应变曲线呈"阶段式"增长,不同于连续加载下累积塑性应变曲线"平顺型"发展的特点;基于时间硬化方法对双曲线模型进行改进,并对间歇加载(单级、多级加载)下稳定型和临界型试样的累积塑性应变进行预测,取得了良好的预测效果。研究结果对于深入分析实际列车荷载作用下路基土体的变形特性和沉降预测具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
9.
《岩土力学》2020,(1)
利用GDS变围压动三轴试验系统对宁波重塑饱和软黏土进行了一系列变围压不排水循环加载试验,重点研究了循环轴向偏应力和循环围压耦合作用下饱和软黏土不排水动力特性,分析了循环围压、振动频率对轴向累积应变及孔压的影响。研究结果表明:不排水条件下,循环轴向偏应力和循环围压耦合作用对试样的累积塑性应变发展具有一定的限制作用,轴向累积应变随应力路径斜率η及振动频率f的增大而减小。不同应力路径斜率、振动频率影响下,应变速率随加载时间的变化规律一致,应力路径斜率η对应变速率-时间关系影响较为明显,随着应力路径斜率η的增大,应变速率减小,而不同振动频率条件下的应变速率-时间关系曲线几近重合。另一方面,最大孔压随循环围压的增加而增大,而随振动频率的增加而减小。在上述试验结果基础上,建立了呈线性关系的应变速率与加载时间关系表达式。 相似文献
10.
针对湛江软粘土开展了系统的三轴固结不排水蠕变试验,得到不同围压、不同应力加载等级下的全过程蠕变曲线,进而通过线性的Boltzmann叠加原理,采用"坐标平移法"得到分别加载下的蠕变曲线和蠕变等时曲线,蠕变等时曲线的折线形式说明湛江软粘土具有较为特殊的蠕变特性,故文中经验模型中的应力-应变关系在通常情况下采用线性函数,应变-时间关系采用双曲线函数形式,而在偏应力较低时采用Mesri模型。通过分析和对比,发现该蠕变方程较Singh-Mitchell模型、Mesri模型更适应试验数据,能够较为全面地反映和预测该软粘土的蠕变特性。 相似文献
11.
The purpose of the present paper is to clarify the effects of permeability and initial heterogeneity on the strain localization of fluid‐saturated cohesive soil modelled by a strain gradient‐dependent poro‐viscoplastic constitutive model. The effects of permeability and gradient parameters on the growth rate of the fluctuation were obtained by a linear instability analysis. Deformation behaviour of clay specimens modelled as a viscoplastic model with a second order strain gradient during shear was numerically analysed by a soil–water coupled FEM under both globally undrained and partially drained conditions. It was found that the deformation pattern and the stress–strain curve greatly depend on the permeability, the drainage conditions and the initial non‐homogeneous properties. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Summary This paper is intended to describe the SHELVIP (Stress Hardening ELastic VIscous Plastic) model, a new viscoplastic constitutive
law which has been developed to incorporate the most important features of behaviour observed in tunnels excavated in severe
to very severe squeezing conditions. This model couples the elastoplastic and time-dependent behaviour by using a plastic
yield surface, as frequently adopted in tunnel design analysis, and the definition of a state of overstress referred to a
viscoplastic yield surface. The model is formulated in all its detailed aspects. The related analytical closed-form solution
for representing triaxial creep deformations is developed. Also developed is an incremental numerical solution for describing
the triaxial stress–strain behaviour under constant strain rate conditions. The model is shown to fit very satisfactorily
the results of creep tests on clay shales and relaxation tests on coal specimens, as recently performed for design analysis
of tunnels in squeezing conditions.
Correspondence: D. Debernardi, Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy 相似文献
13.
低含水量粘土的加载速率效应与蠕变变形 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对低含水量藤森粘土(Fujinomori clay)试样的单向固结试验,研究了低含水量粘土的加载速率效应与蠕变变形。所采用的藤森粘土土样有湿润(含水量小于15%)、风干(含水量小于4.5%)与烘干(含水量小于1%)3种。试验中,应变率逐步改变,同时进行了蠕变及加、卸载试验以及小幅度的循环加载试验。试验结果表明:湿润土样、风干土样与烘干土样都有明显的加载速率效应与蠕变变形;在大范围的卸载-重复加载过程中,蠕变变形会由卸载初期的正变形逐步发展为后期的负变形,在这个发展过程中存在着中性点(即蠕变为零,或者无蠕变的点);藤森粘土的加载速率效应随含水量的降低有所降低,即湿润藤森土样的加载速率效应更明显。 相似文献
14.
The frequent use of soils and earth materials for hydraulic capping and for geo‐environmental waste containment motivated our interest in detailed modelling of changes in size and shape of macro‐pores to establish links between soil mechanical behaviour and concurrent changes in hydraulic and transport properties. The objective of this study was to use finite element analysis (FEA) to test and extend previous analytical solutions proposed by the authors describing deformation of a single macro‐pore embedded in linear viscoplastic soil material subjected to anisotropic remote stress. The FEA enables to consider more complex pore geometries and provides a detailed picture of matrix yield behaviour to explain shortcomings of approximate analytical solutions. Finite element and analytical calculations agreed very well for linear viscous as well as for viscoplastic materials, only limited for the case of isotropic remote stress due to the simplifications of the analytical model related to patterns and onset of matrix‐yielding behaviour. FEA calculations were compared with experimental data obtained from a compaction experiment in which pore deformation within a uniform modelling clay sample was monitored using CAT scanning. FEA predictions based on independently measured material properties and initial pore geometry provided an excellent match with experimentally determined evolution of pore size and shape hence lending credence to the potential use of FEA for more complex pore geometries and eventually connect macro‐pore deformation with hydraulic properties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
冻融循环对青藏红黏土物理力学性质影响试验研究 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
以红黏土为研究对象,使土样在封闭系统下进行不同次数的冻融循环作用,对冻融循环后的冻结土样进行粒度成分和物理力学性质测试,研究不同次数冻融循环作用下冻结红黏土粒度成分和物理力学性质的变化规律。结果表明：粉粒组和黏粒组质量含量受冻融循环作用次数影响较大。红黏土中颗粒在前10次冻融循环过程中向粒径小于0.001 mm及粒径在0.01~0.05 mm范围富集;冻融循环10次之后,随冻融循环次数的增加,粒径范围在0.002~0.005 mm的土颗粒含量明显增加,粒径范围在0.01~0.05 mm的土颗粒含量明显减小,其他粒径范围的土颗粒含量基本不受冻融循环次数的影响。红黏土的液、塑限大体上随冻融循环次数的增加而增加。冻融循环作用对红黏土等效黏聚力强度影响较明显,冻融循环作用10次以内红黏土等效黏聚力强度变化较大,在红黏土地区新修路基应考虑冻融循环作用引起的附加沉降影响。建议采用维亚洛夫或吴紫汪长期强度预报方程预测红黏土长期等效黏聚力强度。 相似文献
16.
Shear resistance of fissured Neogene clays 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two types of fissured Neogene clays (SM and WB) were tested in the laboratory using undisturbed and reconstituted specimens. Although of similar age, the clays differ in their geological history: SM clays were deposited in a marine environment, WB are lacustrine clays with a complex tectonic history.
The index properties of both clays are similar and, accordingly, their strength parameters are mutually close. Test results of the more compact and less wet clay (WB) are affected by the sampling and trimming procedures, especially for 38 mm diameter specimens.
Although the behaviour is similar, the origin of fissures is different. For the SM clays, weathering is the main cause and fissuring reaches a depth of about 20 m. WB clays are dissected by macro- and microfissures originating as the result of tectonic processes and volumetric changes (effect of the coal formation underneath the investigated massif).
Cementation of some samples was found and the transition from clays through cemented clays to claystones (soft rocks) is speculated. 相似文献
17.
Aslı Boz Alper Sezer Tuba Özdemir Gül Ece Hızal Özlem Azdeniz Dolmacı 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(6):122
In this paper, a comparative experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of inclusion of different fiber types on strength of lime-stabilized clay. In this scope, a series of unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out on specimens including basalt and polypropylene fiber compacted under Standard Proctor effort (i.e., 35% by weight of soil). The effects of curing period (1, 7, 28, and 90 days), fiber type (basalt and polypropylene), fiber content (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1%), fiber length (6, 12, and 19 mm), and lime content (0 and 9%) on strength properties were investigated. The results revealed that both basalt and polypropylene fibers increased the strength without inclusion of lime. For specimens including lime, strength of polypropylene fiber-reinforced specimens was remarkably higher than that reinforced with basalt fiber for lime-stabilized clay. However, greatest strength improvement was obtained by use of 0.75% basalt fiber of 19 mm length with 9% lime content after 90-day curing. Additionally, results of strength tests on specimens including 3 and 6% lime and 12-mm basalt fiber after 1, 7, 28, and 90-day curing were presented. It is evident that the use of 6-mm basalt fiber and 12-mm polypropylene fiber were the best options; however, efficiency of fiber inclusion is subject to change by varying lime contents. It was also observed that the secant modulus was increased by use of lime; however, strength of the correlations among secant modulus and unconfined compressive strength values was decreased by increasing amount of lime for specimens including both basalt and polypropylene fibers. 相似文献
18.
A series of tests were conducted to investigate the improvement of damping properties of clay samples with geosynthetic inclusions.
Flexible thermoplastic polymer synthetics improve damping properties of clay samples. Resonant column tests were conducted
to measure the low strain shear modulus and damping ratio of laboratory prepared synthetic inclusion clay specimens. The shear
modulus and damping ratio of the reinforced clay samples were investigated considering geosynthetic type (geotextile and geomembrane),
number of geosynthetic sheets, and confining pressure. The test results demonstrated that the geomembrane and the number of
geosynthetic sheets significantly improved the shear modulus and damping ratio of reinforced clay samples compared with those
of the unreinforced clay samples. 相似文献
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