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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2001,48(1):49-62
Carbon overconsumption, i.e. the consumption of inorganic carbon relative to inorganic nitrogen in excess of the Redfield ratio at the sea surface, was examined in relation to the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC and DON) in the northeast Atlantic. We observed the presence of N-poor dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface water during summer, requiring the consumption of inorganic carbon and nitrogen in a ratio exceeding the Redfield ratio. The C : N ratio of bulk DOM is not only different from the Redfield ratio but also variable, i.e. no fixed conversion factor of C and N exists where DOM is important in C and N transformations. The existence of N-poor DOM is recognized as a feature typical of oligotrophic systems. At the same time, the C : N ratios of particles conform to Redfield stoichiometry as does deep-ocean chemistry. The implications of this finding are discussed, the conclusion being that, while DOM buildup contributes to CO2 drawdown seasonally, its impact on long-term carbon and nitrogen balance of the ocean is small. 相似文献
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珠江“伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道”是珠江河口“网-湾”系统中的特殊地貌结构, 属潮优型河口, 潮波传播受河口湾地形辐聚效应、口门转换效应、潮汐通道辐散效应和底床摩擦等显著影响, 其时空变化复杂。本文根据珠江“伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道”的代表潮位站(赤湾、泗盛围和黄埔)1990—2016年逐日高、低潮位资料, 采用经典调和分析方法提取出主要天文分潮的调和常数, 通过计算获得了分潮振幅梯度及传播速度, 并在此基础上分析了伶仃洋河口湾(赤湾-泗盛围)、潮汐通道(泗盛围-黄埔)和总程(赤湾-泗盛围-黄埔)的潮波传播时空特征。结果表明: 全日分潮的振幅梯度和传播速度年均变化率均比半日分潮大, 其中K1和O1分潮的振幅梯度平均每年分别增加9%和18%, 传播速度每年均增加1.4%; M2和S2分潮的振幅梯度平均每年分别增加3%和6%, 传播速度每年均增加1%。人类活动导致地形异变, 进而驱动潮波亦发生突变, 伶仃洋河口湾和潮汐通道的M2分潮传播速度突变年份不同, 分别为2009年和2000年。潮波传播速度突变后, 伶仃洋河口湾、潮汐通道两区段的传播速度和振幅梯度的关系也发生了变化。 相似文献
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为了重建EPR 9°~10°N L喷口的形成环境,采用矿物学、地球化学及年代学的方法,对黑烟囱体的矿物组成、矿物结构、元素剖面分布以及黑烟囱体内外层铅-210测年进行了研究。矿物学观察表明,该喷口烟囱体内壁主要由方黄铜矿组成,而外壁则主要由硬石膏组成。铅-210测年结果表明,烟囱体形成于EPR 9°~10°N区域内1991年的火山喷发事件之后,并有较低的生长速率,约为0.3cm/a。结合该喷口及其附近A喷口已发表资料认为,该烟囱体开始生长是由于蒸气相流体引起的,其后期受到卤水相流体的影响,而且流体温度应不小于330℃。 相似文献
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1999年,我们已走到历史的十字路口:美国导弹袭击我驻南斯拉夫大使馆;日本从法律上正在打开通向军国主义的道路;台湾国民党当局已将李登辉“特殊的两国论”写入文件……现实告诉我们:当今的世界仍然是一个不稳定、动荡不安的世界。历史留给中国和平发展经济的 相似文献
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In the last few decades there has been a surge in research focusing on coral disease. While climate change, specifically rising sea surface temperature, has been proposed as a major and growing driver of the emergence of marine diseases, to date a solid connection between disease epizootics and elevated sea surface temperature has not been established. However, a wealth of data now exists, compiled from many different perspectives, that may support such a connection. In this work we provide a comprehensive review targeting one coral disease, black band disease, that spans the infection process, pathobiology, and epizootiology, and links specific mechanisms of the disease process to increasing temperatures. This temperature‐driven pattern of infection can be expanded to include similar processes associated with other temperature‐related coral diseases. The conclusions presented here are based upon the results of many studies using a diverse suite of approaches that have been synthesized to argue that the emergence and continuing spread of black band disease is linked to warming sea surface temperatures. In summary, as global ocean temperatures increase seasonally and over decades, the environment shifts to become more favorable for the growth of potentially pathogenic microorganisms endemic to the immediate environment of the reef. The increase in the relative number of potential pathogens in the microbial community produces microenvironments conducive to the growth of other potential pathogens, leading to infection by a polymicrobial consortium. This consortium is easily perturbed by a (seasonal) temperature decrease, but remains associated with the coral host and can be reactivated with a subsequent seasonal increase in temperature, resulting in a cycle of temperature‐dependent disease emergence. 相似文献
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Salinity tolerance, energy metabolism, buoyancy, and passive sinking and swimming speeds have been studied for comparative assessment of the adaptive potential of two species of cyclopoid copepods in the Black Sea, the native Oithona similis and new invader Oithona davisae. Both species were considered marine euryhaline copepods, but the range of salinity tolerance of O. davisae was much broader (5–55‰). The energy metabolism, locomotor activity, mean body mass density, and speed of passive sinking at the same temperature were significantly higher in O. davisae than in O. similis. The relationship between the physiological and behavioral parameters and ecological characteristics of the species are discussed. 相似文献
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Sayaka Yasunaka Yukihiro Nojiri Taketo Hashioka Chisato Yoshikawa Taketoshi Kodama Shin-ichiro Nakaoka Sanae Chiba Fuminori Hashihama Masahide Wakita Ken Furuya Daisuke Sasano Akihiko Murata Hiroshi Uchida Michio Aoyama 《Journal of Oceanography》2018,74(1):1-11
We used more than 25,000 nutrient samples to elucidate for the first time basin-scale distributions and seasonal changes of surface ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrite (NO2 ?) concentrations in the Pacific Ocean. The highest NH4 +, NO2 ?, and nitrate (NO3 ?) concentrations were observed north of 40°N, in the coastal upwelling region off the coast of Mexico, and in the Tasman Sea. NH4 + concentrations were elevated during May–October in the western subarctic North Pacific, May–December in the eastern subarctic North Pacific, and June–September in the subtropical South Pacific. NO2 ? concentrations were highest in winter in both hemispheres. The seasonal cycle of NH4 + was synchronous with NO2 ?, NO3 ?, and satellite chlorophyll a concentrations in the western subtropical South Pacific, whereas it was synchronous with chlorophyll-a but out of phase with NO2 ? and NO3 ? in the subarctic regions. 相似文献
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