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1.
B. Mocek   《Lithos》2001,57(4):263-289
Blueschists, eclogites, chlorite–actinolite rocks and jadeite-gneisses of the blueschist unit of Siphnos have been investigated for their geochemical composition. Their protolith nature is characterised and a geodynamic model for the pre-metamorphic evolution of these metavolcanic rocks is proposed on the basis of immobile elements, especially trace elements and rare earth elements (REE).

The protoliths of the eclogites are characterised as calc-alkaline basalts, andesites and Fe-rich tholeiites evolving in an island-arc setting. Trace element data indicate that subducted marine sediments were assimilated in the magma chamber, enriching the protoliths in LILE and Pb. Produced in the early stage of back-arc basin opening, a protolith with affinities to both island-arc and MORB formed the precursor of the chlorite–actinolite rocks. They were created by low degrees of partial melting of very primitive magmas, akin to spinel-peridotites and have affinities to boninites, probably through melting of the peridotitic mantle wedge. Tholeiitic basalts and andesites with N-MORB affinity, especially in their REE-patterns, were then produced by partial melting, possibly in an embryonic back-arc basin. These rocks were the protoliths of the blueschists of Siphnos. Their enrichment in some LILE and Pb indicates a N-MORB source contaminated by marine sediments, probably shales or other Pb-rich sediments. Because the jadeite-gneisses show affinities to MOR-granites and volcanic arc granites, intrusion of their protoliths in a back-arc environment is likely. The protoliths of the quartz-jadeite gneisses are rhyodacites/dacites and rhyolites, those of the glaucophane-jadeite gneisses were andesites.

The proposed geodynamic model, solely based on geochemical data, is consistent with geochemical data from neighbouring islands, though those rock units show much higher chemical variability. Consistent with geotectonic models, which are based on structural and geophysical data, the volcanic protoliths of the Siphnos blueschist unit reflect the transition from subduction to spreading environment and record in detail: subduction, formation of an island-arc, and the evolution of a back-arc basin.  相似文献   


2.
We conducted a geochemical study of eclogites (40 samples) from a boudin of the Lower Unit of the Maksyutov Complex in the South Urals in order to determine their protolith nature. The eclogites have major element compositions corresponding to quartz-bearing hypersthene basalts. Trace-element characteristics of the eclogites further suggest that they resemble enriched-type of tholeiites such as E-MORB. The compositional variation of eclogites was likely caused by fractional crystallization of parental melt under hypabyssal conditions, during its intrusion in thinned continental crust shortly before subduction. The high-pressure metamorphism has not affected significantly the major- and trace-element signatures of the protoliths. The compositions of co-existing minerals from the distinguished rock groups do not show significant distinctions. The considerable scatter of P–T estimates of metamorphic conditions does not depend on whole-rock composition. Therefore, the eclogitization was preceded by a chemical differentiation of an initial magmatic source, which is responsible for co-existence of rocks of variable composition in the same boudin. Dikes or sills of tholeiite basalts having geochemical characteristics of E-MORB could be the protoliths for the Maksyutov eclogites.  相似文献   

3.
Geochemical, SrNd isotopic and geochronological methods were used to reveal the protoliths and geodynamic implications of the newly discovered Triassic Baqing eclogites, eastern Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet. We assessed the mobility of trace elements, and it turned out that high field strength elements (HFSEs) and rare earth elements (REEs) were immobile in the high-pressure (HP) metamorphic process and reliably employed to discriminate the protoliths of the Baqing eclogites. Whole-rock geochemical data (especially immobile elements) suggested both arc-related (negative NbTa anomalies, high light (L) REEs/heavy (H) REEs ratios) and mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB)-related (without negative NbTa anomalies, relatively low REEs contents) characteristics, indicating the contribution of different proportions of subduction material with a backarc basin origin. According to the SrNd isotopic ratios (initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios: 0.7078–0.7086; εNd(t) values: −0.58 to +1.96), the protoliths of the Baqing eclogites originated from mantle which experienced continental crustal contamination in the subduction zone. Compared with nearby subduction-related magmatic rocks from eastern Qiangtang terrane, backarc basin was the most likely tectonic environment for the Baqing eclogite protoliths. The Jinsha Paleo-Tethyan Ocean southward subduction underneath East Qiangtang block (EQB) and rollback led to the formation of this backarc basin between the Late Permian and Early Triassic, and subsequent northward subduction of the backarc basin formed the Baqing eclogites in early Late Triassic (227–221 Ma).  相似文献   

4.
Basement-Cover Sequences within the UHP unit of the Dabie Shan   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Field data define two lithologically distinct basement‐cover sequences within the ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic (UHPM) unit of the Dabie Shan, eastern China. One of the cover units, the Changpu unit, comprises calc‐arenitic metasediments in stratigraphic contact with a basement consisting of gneisses of the Yangtze craton. The second cover unit, the Ganghe unit, consists of felsic‐intermediate metavolcanics and clastic metasediments. Basement exposure of the Ganghe unit is not known. Fold axes in the Ganghe unit are oblique to those of the Changpu unit, which are parallel to those of the Yangtze gneisses. Preservation of primary textures in some volcanic rocks, and tectonic separation from the Yangtze gneisses by a greenschist facies mylonite, support an interpretation of the Ganghe unit as a low‐strain domain. Protolith associations in the Ganghe and Changpu units are compatible with deposition in a rift setting and along a passive continental margin, respectively. A U–Pb single zircon age of 761 ± 33 Ma for volcanoclastic rocks of the Ganghe unit demonstrates a Neoproterozoic deposition age, concordant with inferred rifting at that time. Eclogite facies parageneses in the gneisses and both cover units, along with P–T data demonstrate regional UHPM in the Dabie Shan.  相似文献   

5.
A combined geochemical (whole-rock elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes, zircon trace elements and Hf isotopes) and geochronological (zircon U–Pb ages) study was carried out on the relatively low-grade meta-basites and meta-granitoids from Longjingguan within the central Dabie ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic zone, east-central China. Zircon investigations indicate that the meta-basites were formed at ∼772 Ma and subsequently experienced granulite-facies metamorphism at ∼768 Ma and a later thermal overprint at ∼746 Ma, while the meta-granitoids recorded three groups of zircon ages at ca. 819 Ma, 784 Ma and 746 Ma. The meta-granitoids can be subdivided into low-Si and high-Si types, and they were derived from mid-Neoproterozoic partial melting of the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement rocks of the South China Block, respectively. These Neoproterozoic zircon ages are consistent with the protolith ages of the Dabie Triassic UHP meta-igneous rocks. In addition, the low-grade rocks have bulk-rock Pb isotope compositions overlapping with the UHP meta-igneous rocks. Therefore, the low-grade meta-basites and meta-granitoids could be interpreted as counterparts of the UHP meta-igneous rocks in this area, suggesting the same petrogenesis for their protoliths in the Neoproterozoic.Trace element patterns indicate that the low-grade rocks have better preserved their protolith compositions than their equivalent UHP rocks, and thus they are more suitable for elucidating the Neoproterozoic evolution of the northern margin of the South China Block. Zircon ages combined with geochemical features strongly suggest that the protoliths of the meta-granitoids and meta-basites were formed in a magmatic arc and a continental rifting setting, respectively. More specifically, the granitoids derived from partial melting of Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic basement materials at ∼819 Ma in a magmatic arc setting, whereas the precursors of the meta-basites are products of a continental rifting event at about 784 to 772 Ma. The obtained results provide new geochronological and geochemical constraints for the Neoproterozoic evolution of the northern margin of the South China Block, which can further contribute to the understanding of the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia.  相似文献   

6.
The south-western Chinese Tianshan orogenic belt is famous for its omphacite-bearing blueschists and associated eclogite-facies metavolcanic rocks. Although numerous petrologic, geochemical and geochronological studies are available, structural data and interpretations are still rare. This paper provides new structural data, including bulk geometry of structures and kinematic analyses, based on field and laboratory studies along the Akyazhi, Keburt and Muzaert Rivers. The study area is divided into three tectonic units, namely (1) a Southern Unit composed of weakly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of Silurian age; (2) a Central HP/LT Unit composed of blueschist-eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks derived from basalts, pelites and volcaniclastic rocks; (3) a Northern Unit, which consists of a Carboniferous magmatic arc developed upon an amphibolite-facies metamorphic continental basement. Our structural analysis documents a polyphase deformation. The main event (D1) is reflected by Devonian to Carboniferous top-to-the northwest ductile shearing, coeval with HP/LT metamorphism. This is followed by north-directed thrusting (D2) of the Southern Unit over the Central HP/LT Unit, coeval with retrogression of the high-pressure rocks. A top-to-the-S (SE) deformation (D3) overprints the earliest events and is observed in the Northern and Central Units. Lastly, Permian dextral ductile-brittle wrenching (D4) overprints the older flat-lying fabrics. D4 is conspicuous along the Nalati Fault that separates the Northern Unit from the Central HP/LT Unit. The absolute timing of these deformation events is discussed in the light of available radiometric dating. The structural, metamorphic and geochronological data are integrated into a geodynamic model of the south-western Chinese Tianshan that emphasizes south-directed subduction of microcontinents located between Tarim and Junggar.  相似文献   

7.
The geochemistry of eclogites and garnet-amphibolites from Tso-Morari region, Ladakh, India has been investigated to characterize their protoliths on the basis of immobile elements, especially trace elements including REE. The eclogites and garnet-amphibolites have coherent compositions, except for the UHP metamorphic minerals being preserved in eclogites. Compositionally, the metabasites range from ‘depleted’ to ‘enriched’, and span from within-plate basalts (WPB) to MORB fields, and match with various enriched or ‘transitional’ MORB types (e.g., on Ti–Zr–Y and Nb–Zr–Y ternary plots). Isotopically they have Sri ratio 0.706 which is similar to some of the Ocean Island Basalt (OIB). The rocks under study suggest that the enriched components are probably derived by melting of a mantle source with an enriched OIB-type component rather than due to the crustal contamination. We propose a rift environment for their protoliths and relate to advanced intra-continental rift situation. Furthermore, our geochemical studies envisage an initial phase of plume activity (Cambrian or earlier) resulting in basaltic magma in the eclogitic layers at sub-lithospheric levels, wherein they were subjected to crystallization under ultra-high pressure conditions. At a later stage the reactivation of faults (probably during Permo-Triassic times) acted as channels for the emplacement of the high pressure rocks in the continental crust. Subsequently, the ultra-high pressure rocks got re-equilibrated as amphibolites, with some remaining as relict eclogites, which later got exposed to the surface during various phases of the Himalayan uplift.  相似文献   

8.
Felsic magmatism associated with ocean–ocean and ocean–continent subduction processes provide important evidence for distinct episodes of crust-generation and continental lithospheric evolution. Rhyolites constitute an integral component of the tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalt–andesite–dacite–rhyolite (BADR) association and contribute to crustal growth processes at convergent plate margins. The evolution of the Dharwar Craton of southern peninsular India during Meso- to Neoarchean times was marked by extensive development of greenstone belts. These granite-greenstone terranes have distinct volcano-sedimentary associations consistent with their geodynamic setting. The present study deals with geochemistry of rhyolites from the Chitradurga-Shimoga greenstone belts of western (WDC) and the Gadwal-Kadiri greenstone belts of eastern (EDC) sectors of Dharwar Craton to compare and evaluate their petrogenesis and geodynamic setting and their control on the continental lithospheric evolution of the Dharwar Craton. At a similar range of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, the rhyolites of WDC are more potassic, whereas the EDC rhyolites are more sodic and less magnesian with slight increase in TiO2. Minor increase in MgO content of WDC rhyolites reflects their ferromagnesian trace elements which are comparatively lower in the rhyolites of EDC. The relative enrichment in LILE (K, Rb) and depletion in HFSE (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf) marked by negative Nb–Ta, Zr–Hf and Ti anomalies endorse the convergent margin processes for the generation of rhyolites of both the sectors of Dharwar Craton. The high silica potassic rhyolites of Shimoga and Chitradurga greenstone belts of WDC showing prominent negative Eu and Ti anomalies, flat HREE patterns correspond to Type 3 rhyolites and clearly point towards their generation and emplacement in an active continental margin environment. The geochemical characteristics of Gadwal and Kadiri rhyolites from eastern Dharwar Craton marked by aluminous compositions with low and fractionated HREE patterns and minor negative Eu anomalies are in conformity with Type 1 rhyolites and suggest that they were erupted in an intraoceanic island arc system. The overall geochemical systematics of the rhyolites from both the sectors of Dharwar Craton suggest a change in the geodynamic conditions from intraoceanic island arc of eastern Dharwar Craton and an active continental margin of western Dharwar marked by ocean–ocean subduction and migration of oceanic arc towards a continent followed by arc-continent collision that contributed for the evolution of continental lithosphere in the Dharwar Craton.  相似文献   

9.
Detailed geological mapping, structural, petrological and chronological investigation allow us to place new constraints on the tectono‐thermal evolution of the North Qilian high pressure/low temperature (HP/LT) metamorphic belt. The North Qilian HP/LT metamorphic belt manly consists of eclogite, blueschist, metasedimentary rocks and serpentinite. Most of eclogites and mafic blueschists occur as lenses within metasedimentary rocks, and minor eclogites within serpentinite. Petrological and geochemistical data indicate that the protoliths of eclogite and mafic blueschist includes E‐, N‐MORB, OIB and arc basalt. Geochronology and Lu‐Hf isotope of detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks indicate the detritus materials are derived from Qilian block and likely deposit in continental margin or fore‐arc basin. Zircon U‐Pb datings show that the protolith ages of eclogites vary between 500 Ma and 530 Ma, and the metamorphic age of eclogite between 460 and 489 Ma. The detrital zircon ages of metasedimentary rocks distribute between 532 and 2700 Ma. The structural data show that the deformation related to the subduction during prograde is recorded in eclogite blocks. In contrast, the dominant deformation structures are characterized by tight fold, sheath fold and penetrative foliation and lineation, which are recorded in various rocks, reflecting a top‐to‐the‐south shear sense and representing the deformation related to the exhumation. The petrological data suggest that the different rocks in the North Qilian HP/LT metamorphic belt equilibrated at different peak metamorphic conditions and recorded different P‐T path. Synthesizing the structural, petrological, geochemical and geochronological data suggest a subduction channel model related to oceanic subduction during Paleozoic in the North Qilian Mountains. The different HP/LT metamorphic rocks formed in different settings with various protolith ages were carried by the subducted oceanic crust into different depth in subduction channel, and experienced independent tectono‐thermal evolution inside subduction channel. The North Qilian HP/LT mélange reflects a fossil oceanic subduction channel.  相似文献   

10.
The Hardangervidda-Rogaland Block within southwest Norway is host to ~1.52 to 1.48 Ga continental building and variable reworking during the ~1.1 to 0.9 Ga Sveconorwegian orogeny. Due to the lack of geochronological and geochemical data, the timing and tectonic setting of early Mesoproterozoic magmatism has long been ambiguous. This paper presents zircon U–Pb–Hf–O isotope data combined with whole-rock geochemistry to address the age and petrogenesis of basement units within the Suldal region, located in the centre of the Hardangervidda-Rogaland Block. The basement comprises variably deformed grey gneisses and granitoids that petrologically and geochemically resemble mature volcanic arc lithologies. U–Pb ages confirm that magmatism occurred from ~1,521 to 1,485 Ma, and conspicuously lack any xenocrystic inheritance of distinctly older crust. Hafnium isotope data range from εHf(initial) +1 to +11, suggesting a rather juvenile magmatic source, but with possible involvement of late Palaeoproterozoic crust. Oxygen isotope data range from mantle-like (δ18O ~5 ‰) to elevated (~10 ‰) suggesting involvement of low-temperature altered material (e.g., supracrustal rocks) in the magma source. The Hf–O isotope array is compatible with mixing between mantle-derived material with young low-temperature altered material (oceanic crust/sediments) and older low-temperature altered material (continent-derived sediments). This, combined with a lack of xenoliths and xenocrysts, exposed older crust, AFC trends and S-type geochemistry, all point to mixing within a deep-crustal magma-generation zone. A proposed model comprises accretion of altered oceanic crust and the overlying sediments to a pre-existing continental margin, underthrusting to the magma-generation zone and remobilisation during arc magmatism. The geodynamic setting for this arc magmatism is comparable with that seen in the Phanerozoic (e.g., the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range batholiths), with compositions in the Suldal Sector reaching those of average upper continental crust. As within these younger examples, factors that drive magmatism towards the composition of the average continental crust include the addition of sedimentary material to magma source regions, and delamination of cumulate material. Underthrusting of sedimentary materials and their subsequent involvement in arc magmatism is perhaps a more widespread mechanism involved in continental growth than is currently recognised. Finally, the Suldal Arc magmatism represents a significant juvenile crustal addition to SW Fennoscandia.  相似文献   

11.
冈底斯岩浆弧的形成与演化   总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4  
位于青藏高原南部的冈底斯岩浆弧是新特提斯大洋岩石圈长期俯冲导致的中生代岩浆作用的产物,而且在印度与亚洲大陆碰撞过程中叠加了强烈的新生代岩浆作用,是世界上典型的复合型大陆岩浆弧,也是研究增生与碰撞造山作用和大陆地壳生长与再造的天然实验室。基于岩浆、变质和成矿作用研究成果,我们将冈底斯弧的形成与演化历史划分5期,即新特提斯洋早期俯冲、新特提斯洋中脊俯冲、新特提斯洋晚期俯冲、印度-亚洲大陆碰撞和后碰撞期。第1期发生在晚白垩世之前,是以新特提斯洋岩石圈的长期俯冲、地幔楔部分熔融形成钙碱性弧岩浆岩为特征。长期的幔源岩浆作用导致了整个冈底斯弧发生显著的新生地壳生长,并在岩浆弧西部形成了一个大型的与俯冲相关的斑岩型铜矿。第2期发生在晚白垩世,活动的新特提斯洋中脊发生俯冲,软流软圈沿板片窗上涌,使上升的软流圈、地幔楔和俯冲洋壳发生部分熔融,导致了强烈的幔源岩浆作用和显著的新生地壳生长与加厚,并以不同类型和不同成分岩浆岩的同时发育和伴随的高温变质作用为特征。第3期发生在晚白垩世晚期,为新特提斯洋脊俯冲后残余大洋岩石圈的俯冲期,以正常的弧型岩浆作用为特征。第4期发生在古新世至中始新世,伴随印度与亚洲大陆的碰撞,俯冲的新特提斯洋岩石圈回转和断离引起软流圈上涌,诱发了强烈的幔源岩浆作用。在此阶段,大陆碰撞导致的地壳挤压缩短和幔源岩浆的底侵与增生,使冈底斯弧经历了显著的地壳生长和加厚,新生和古老加厚下地壳的高压、高温变质和部分熔融,幔源和壳源岩浆岩的共生和强烈的岩浆混合。所形成的I型花岗岩大多继承了新生地壳弧型岩浆岩的化学成分,并多显出埃达克岩的地球化学特征。在岩浆弧北部形成了一系列与起源于古老地壳花岗岩相关的Pb-Zn矿床。第5期发生在晚渐新世到早-中中新世的后碰撞挤压过程中,以地壳的继续加厚,加厚下地壳的高温变质、部分熔融和埃达克质岩石的形成为特征。在岩浆弧东段南部形成了一系列与起源于新生加厚下地壳埃达克质岩石相关的斑岩型Cu-Au-Mo矿。冈底斯带的多期岩浆、变质与成矿作用为其从新特提斯洋俯冲到印度-亚洲大陆碰撞的构造演化提供了重要限定。  相似文献   

12.
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13.
The geodynamic evolution of the early Paleozoic ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt in North Qaidam, western China, is controversial due to ambiguous interpretations concerning the nature and ages of the eclogitic protoliths. Within this framework, we present new LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon ages from eclogites and their country rock gneisses from the Xitieshan terrane, located in the central part of the North Qaidam UHP metamorphic belt. Xitieshan terrane contains clearly different protolith characteristics of eclogites and as such provides a natural laboratory to investigate the geodynamic evolution of the North Qaidam UHP metamorphic terrane. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon dating of three phengite-bearing eclogites and two country rock gneiss samples from the Xitieshan terrane yielded 424–427 Ma and 917–920 Ma ages, respectively. The age of 424–427 Ma from eclogite probably reflects continental lithosphere subduction post-dating oceanic lithosphere subduction at ~ 440–460 Ma. The 0.91–0.92 Ga metamorphic ages from gneiss and associated metamorphic mineral assemblages are interpreted as evidence for the occurrence of a Grenville-age orogeny in the North Qaidam UHPM belt. Using internal microstructure, geochemistry and U–Pb ages of zircon in this study, combined with the petrological and geochemical investigations on the eclogites of previous literature’s data, three types of eclogitic protoliths are identified in the Xitieshan terrane i.e. 1) Subducted early Paleozoic oceanic crust (440–460 Ma), 2) Neoproterozoic oceanic crust material emplaced onto micro-continental fragments ahead of the main, early Paleozoic, collision event (440–420 Ma) and 3) Neoproterozoic mafic dikes intruded in continental fragments (rifted away from the former supercontinent Rodinia). These results demonstrate that the basement rocks of the North Qaidam terrane formed part of the former supercontinent Rodinia, attached to the Yangtze Craton and/or the Qinling microcontinent, and recorded a complex tectono-metamorphic evolution that involved Neoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic orogenies.  相似文献   

14.
The central portion of the Aldan Shield hosts very widely spread Archean and Early Proterozoic granitoids, much of which are granite-gneisses. Geochemical lines of evidence, data on inclusions in minerals, and Sm-Nd isotopic geochemical data suggest that the protoliths of granite-gneisses in the central part of the Aldan Shield were granitoids that had various composition, age, and were derived from distinct sources and under different parameters and were then emplaced in different geodynamic environments. The granitoids belong to at least two types of different composition that occur within spatially separated areas. The protoliths of granite-gneisses in the western part of the Western Aldan Megablock and the junction zone of the Chara-Olekma and Aldan geoblocks (granite-gneisses of type I) had the same age and affiliated to the same associations as the within-plate granitoids of the Nelyukinskii Complex. Their parental melts were derived at 2.4–2.5 Ga by the melting of Archean tonalite-trondhjemite orthogneisses of the Olekma and Aldan complexes. The protolith of granite-gneisses in the eastern portion of the Western Aldan Megablock (granite-gneisses of type II) can be subdivided into two groups according to their composition: granitoids with geochemical characteristics of subduction- and collision-related rocks. The protoliths of the type-II granite-gneisses with geochemical characteristics of subduction granitoids were produced simultaneously with the development of the Fedorovskaya island arc (at 2003–2013 Ma), whereas the protoliths of the type-II granite-gneisses with geochemical characteristics of collision granitoids were formed in the course of accretion of the Fedorovskaya island arc and the Olekma-Aldan continental microplate at 1962–2003 Ma, via the melting of magmatic rocks of the Fedorovskaya unit and older continental crustal material.  相似文献   

15.
北祁连山和柴北缘是典型的早古生代大陆造山带,分别发育有北祁连山大洋型俯冲缝合带和柴北缘大陆型俯冲碰撞带.作为早古生代大洋冷俯冲的典型代表,北祁连山经历了从新元古代-寒武纪大洋扩张、奥陶纪俯冲和闭合及早泥盆世隆升造山的过程.高压变质岩变质年龄为490～440Ma,证明古祁连洋经历了至少50m．y．的俯冲过程.柴北缘超高压变质带是大陆深俯冲的结果,岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学表明,柴北缘超高压变质带中榴辉岩的原岩分别来自洋壳和陆壳两种环境.高压/超高压变质的蛇绿岩原岩的年龄为517±11Ma,与祁连山蛇绿岩年龄一致.榴辉岩早期的变质年龄为443～473Ma,与祁连山高压变质年龄一致,代表大洋地壳俯冲的时代,而柯石英片麻岩和石榴橄榄岩所限定的超高压变质时代为420～426Ma,代表大陆俯冲的年龄.从大洋俯冲结束到大陆俯冲最大深度的转换时间最少需要20m．y．.自420Ma起,俯冲的大洋岩石圈与跟随俯冲的大陆岩石圈断离,大陆地壳开始折返,发生隆升和造山.北祁连山和柴北缘两个不同类型的高压-超高压变质带反映了早古生代从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲、隆升折返的造山过程.  相似文献   

16.
An intrinsic feature of Cordillera-style orogenic systems is a spatial trend in the radiogenic isotopic composition of subduction-related magmatism. Magmatism is most isotopically juvenile near the trench and becomes increasingly evolved landward. A compilation of radiogenic isotopic data from the central Andes, U.S. Cordillera, and Tibet (the most well-studied examples of modern and ancient Cordilleran systems) demonstrate such spatial trends are long-lived and persist throughout the life of these continental subduction margins. The consistency of the isotopic trend through time in magmatic products is surprising considering the plethora of orogenic processes that might be expected to alter them. In addition to longevity, spatial isotopic trends encompass a broad spectrum of geochemical compositions that represent diverse petrogenetic and geodynamic processes. The two end-members of the spatial isotopic trends are represented by melts sourced within isotopically juvenile asthenospheric mantle and melts sourced from isotopically evolved continental lithospheric mantle and/or lower crust. Mantle lithosphere generally thins toward the magmatic arc and trench in Cordilleran orogens because sub-lithospheric processes such as delamination, subduction erosion, and subduction ablation, operate to thin or remove the continental mantle lithosphere. With time, magmatic additions may impart the isotopic composition of the mantle source on the lower crust, giving rise to an isotopically homogenous deep lithosphere. The results of this analysis have significant implications for interpreting temporal and spatial shifts in isotopic composition within Cordilleran orogens and suggest that the continental mantle lithosphere may be a significant source of magmatism in orogenic interiors.  相似文献   

17.
The Black Sea region comprises Gondwana-derived continental blocks and oceanic subduction complexes accreted to Laurasia. The core of Laurasia is made up of an Archaean–Palaeoproterozoic shield, whereas the Gondwana-derived blocks are characterized by a Neoproterozoic basement. In the early Palaeozoic, a Pontide terrane collided and amalgamated to the core of Laurasia, as part of the Avalonia–Laurasia collision. From the Silurian to Carboniferous, the southern margin of Laurasia was a passive margin. In the late Carboniferous, a magmatic arc, represented by part of the Pontides and the Caucasus, collided with this passive margin with the Carboniferous eclogites marking the zone of collision. This Variscan orogeny was followed by uplift and erosion during the Permian and subsequently by Early Triassic rifting. Northward subduction under Laurussia during the Late Triassic resulted in the accretion of an oceanic plateau, whose remnants are preserved in the Pontides and include Upper Triassic eclogites. The Cimmeride orogeny ended in the Early Jurassic, and in the Middle Jurassic the subduction jumped south of the accreted complexes, and a magmatic arc was established along the southern margin of Laurasia. There is little evidence for subduction during the latest Jurassic–Early Cretaceous in the eastern part of the Black Sea region, which was an area of carbonate sedimentation. In contrast, in the Balkans there was continental collision during this period. Subduction erosion in the Early Cretaceous removed a large crustal slice south of the Jurassic magmatic arc. Subduction in the second half of the Early Cretaceous is evidenced by eclogites and blueschists in the Central Pontides and by a now buried magmatic arc. A continuous extensional arc was established only in the Late Cretaceous, coeval with the opening of the Black Sea as a back-arc basin.  相似文献   

18.
The Wolhyeonri complex in the southwestern margin of the Korean Peninsula is divided into three lithotectonic units: Late Paleozoic Zone I to the west, Middle Paleozoic Zone II in the middle and Early Paleozoic Zone III to the east. Zones II and III display characteristics of continental arc magmatic sequence. Zone II is dominated by mafic metavolcanics, whereas zone III is characterized by the presence of dismembered serpentinite bodies including chaotic mélange. These zones are proposed to have been formed in a convergent margin setting associated with subduction. Here we present zircon SHRIMP U–Pb ages from the various units within the Wolhyeonri complex which reveal the Paleozoic tectonic history of the region. The Late Carboniferous ages obtained from the main shear zone between the Wolhyeonri complex and the Paleoproterozoic Gyeonggi massif are thought to mark the timing of continental arc magmatism associated with the subduction process. In contrast, Zone I with Neoproterozoic arc magmatic remnants might indicate deposition in a forearc basin. The Wolhyeonri complex also preserves strong imprints of the Triassic collisional event, including the presence of Middle Triassic high-pressure metabasites and eclogites near the eastern boundary of the Zone III. These range of radiogenic ages derived from the Wolhyeonri complex correlate well with subduction and accretion history between the North and South China cratons. Similar geochronological features have also been indentified from the Qinling, Tongbai–Xinxian, and northern Dabie areas in east-central China. The existence of Paleozoic coeval subduction in East Asia prior to the Triassic collision is broadly consistent with a regional tectonic linkage to Gondwana.  相似文献   

19.
位于青藏高原南部的冈底斯岩浆弧形成于中生代新特提斯大洋岩石圈的长期俯冲过程中,而且在印度与亚洲大陆碰撞过程中叠加了强烈的新生代岩浆作用,是世界上典型的复合型大陆岩浆弧,已经成为研究汇聚板块边缘岩浆作用和大陆地壳生长与再造的天然实验室。基于对现有研究成果的总结,我们将冈底斯岩浆弧的岩浆构造演化划分为5个阶段：第1阶段发生在晚白垩世之前,以新特提斯洋岩石圈长期正常俯冲和钙碱性弧岩浆岩的发育为特征;第2阶段发生在晚白垩世时期,以活动的新特提斯洋中脊发生俯冲和强烈的岩浆作用与显著的新生地壳生长为特征;第3阶段发生在晚白垩世晚期,以残余的新特提斯大洋岩石圈俯冲和正常弧型岩浆作用为特征;第4阶段发生在古新世至中始新世,以印度与亚洲大陆碰撞、俯冲的新特提斯洋岩石圈回转和断离,及其诱发的幔源岩浆作用、新生和古老地壳的强烈再造为特征;第5阶段为发生在晚渐新世到中中新世的后碰撞阶段,深俯冲印度岩石圈的回转和断离,或加厚岩石圈地幔的对流移去导致了加厚下地壳的部分熔融和埃达克质岩石的广泛发育,同时伴随幔源钾质超钾质岩浆作用。冈底斯弧岩浆作用与岩浆成分的系统时空变化很好地记录了从新特提斯洋俯冲到印度亚洲大陆碰撞的完整构造演化过程。  相似文献   

20.
The occurrence of ultra high pressure (UHP) and high pressure (HP) relicts associated with oceanic material suggests the presence of a suture zone within the Rhodope Massif. Characterisation of the accreted igneous terranes and their relationship with the UHP/eclogite occurrences provide new constraints on the location of this suture. Single-zircon evaporation and sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe dating of orthogneiss protoliths define two groups of intrusion ages: Permo-Carboniferous and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. Structurally, the Late Jurassic gneissic complex overthrust a unit with Permo-Carboniferous orthogneisses. A “melange zone” marked by mylonites, eclogites, amphibolites, and UHP micaschists separates these two units. We interpret these observations in terms of two distinct igneous terranes, the Thracia (Permo-Carboniferous) and Rhodope (Late Jurassic) terranes, separated by the Nestos suture, and assembled during the closure of an oceanic basin of the Tethys. Geochemically, the Late-Jurassic rocks are akin to subduction magmatism, possibly the same subduction that caused the UHP metamorphism of metasediments within the “melange zone”. Observed UHP–HP relicts are restricted to the tectonic contact zone, suggesting that a single subduction/collison event can explain the occurrences of UHP relicts and eclogites in the Central Rhodope, and that subducted rocks are exhumed only within the Nestos suture.  相似文献   

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