共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
华银铝厂厂区边界层温度层结特征分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
利用华银铝厂探空实测资料对厂址区域边界层内的温度层结特征进行了分析。结果表明，厂址区域内污染物的扩散能力很强，600m高度以下11、14、17时三个时次没有逆温出现，且白天的垂直气温递减率很大，湍流交换强烈，有利于污染物的扩散；夜间一般都有贴地逆温出现，且强度较大，但其厚度较小。 相似文献
2.
成都市冬季逆温对大气污染的影响分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据2002年1月的温度场和大气污染浓度强化监测资料,分析成都市冬季逆温特征。成都市的冬季逆温主要为上部逆温,出现频率为62.9%;通过分析其上部逆温的时间和空间分布特征,认为成都市冬季逆温对大气污染扩散的不利影响,主要表现为03时上部逆温对≤75m的低矮源污染物扩散的影响,而对高架源污染物的扩散影响不大。 相似文献
3.
根据2002年1月的温度场和大气污染浓度强化监测资料,分析成都市冬季逆温特征.成都市的冬季逆温主要为上部逆温,出现频率为62.9%;通过分析其上部逆温的时间和空间分布特征,认为成都市冬季逆温对大气污染扩散的不利影响,主要表现为03时上部逆温对≤75m的低矮源污染物扩散的影响,而对高架源污染物的扩散影响不大. 相似文献
4.
成都地区大气边界层逆温特征分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
针对污染气象条件对大气环境影响的问题,利用2010—2012年成都地区探空资料的温度数据,系统研究了成都地区逆温的结构及分布特征。结果表明:2010—2012年成都地区整体以贴地逆温出现频率最高、厚度最大及强度最强,其次为低悬逆温和高悬逆温。不同类型逆温出现的频率、厚度及强度也存在一定的季节差异,贴地逆温春季出现频率最高,厚度最大,其他各季差异不显著;冬季逆温最强,夏季最弱。3类逆温的日变化明显,08时逆温出现的频率和厚度普遍大于20时,且08时逆温强度大于20时。分析成都地区大气边界层逆温层特征,对了解成都地区污染物扩散规律具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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6.
呼和浩特市低空逆温特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用近10年(1991～2000年)呼和浩特高空站探空资料，分析了呼和浩特市大气边界层内低空逆温的气候特征，指出：辐射逆温出现频率高、厚度大、强度高、维持时间长，限制了大气污染物的稀释和扩散，是呼和浩特市冬季污染物浓度高，空气污染严重的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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8.
基于河北省站点实测资料和ERA-Interim再分析资料,从逆温日数、逆温厚度和逆温强度3个方面统计分析了1981—2016年河北省采暖期(当年11月至次年3月)低空大气逆温特征。结果表明:(1)逆温多以贴地逆温为主,且贴地逆温特征均存在02:00(北京时,下同)较大,14:00最小的日变化,这可能与其多为辐射逆温有关,而脱地逆温20:00较小,14:00较大,可能与其多受天气系统活动影响相联系。(2)逆温特征空间分布受地理位置和天气气候共同影响,整体多呈现出东西向差异,如东南部太行山山前平原和东部沿海地区的逆温日数均相对较多,贴地逆温厚度较大,强度较小,但脱地逆温厚度较小,强度较大。(3)东南部山前平原地区脱地逆温特征均呈增加趋势,且贴地逆温特征在日扩散条件最好的14:00均呈增加趋势,对于全省平均逆温特征的年际变化而言,贴地逆温14:00、脱地逆温20:00增幅相对较大。(4)逆温在东南部山前平原地区的分布状况及变幅,不利于污染物的垂直扩散。 相似文献
9.
利用2013—2016年哈尔滨市07:00和19:00探空逆温资料及哈尔滨市环境监测站空气污染物浓度监测资料,对哈尔滨市低空温度层结特征及其与主要空气污染物(SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5))浓度之间的关系进行了统计分析。结果表明:(1)哈尔滨市2013—2016年07:00持续性逆温天气出现频率是61.5%,19:00为58.8%。(2) 07:00和19:00逆温厚度月变化趋势基本一致,季节变化趋势也一致:冬季秋季春季夏季。(3)哈尔滨市冬半年逆温层出现频率明显高于夏半年,秋、冬季产生的逆温强度强于春、夏季。(4) 4年来哈尔滨市空气污染物浓度与持续性逆温频率、厚度呈正相关;与07:00逆温强度呈正相关,与19:00逆温强度的相关性不明显,说明哈尔滨市低空大气逆温层结状况是影响哈尔滨市空气质量的主要因素之一。(5)高纬冷平流弱,低层增暖,同时海平面气压场弱,大气水平和垂直方向输送能力差,从而使得污染物难以扩散进而堆积,这是持续数日重度污染的重要原因。 相似文献
10.
根据2003年朝阳市大气环境监测资料,分析了朝阳地区大气污染的时间变化特征。研究结果表明:由于朝阳市存在工业布局不合理,生产工艺、污染处理设施落后等问题,市区大气污染问题较为突出;朝阳地区低空逆温频率偏高,而且贴地逆温强度相对较强,非贴地逆温平均底高相对较低,使得污染源排放的污染物在逆温层下输送扩散,不利于大气污染物的稀释。 相似文献
11.
Intensive observations of summertime up- and down-valley winds in a dry valley utilising airsondes, pilot balloons and a monostatic acoustic sounder are described. Both circulations show a distinctive layered vertical wind and temperature structure. Westerly down-valley flow is typically neutral and is characterised by strong surface winds overlain by light variable winds extending to an inversion between 2000 and 4000m in depth. Above this inversion, gradient winds prevail. This structure is similar to that of downslope winds observed elsewhere. The thermally-induced up-valley easterly flow is shown to be extremely well-developed in terms of its strength, depth and persistence. The strong surface easterly may reach 800 m in depth and usually undercuts the warmer westerly. The boundary between the two regimes is marked by an inversion. During easterly flow a surface-based, super-adiabatic layer of 100–200 m in depth is evident and is associated with weak convective activity. An intriguing aspect of the wind regime is the interaction between the easterly and westerly circulations in the valley. These are separated at the surface by a frontal zone which migrates up and down the valley. Further observational and modelling studies are recommended. 相似文献
12.
乌鲁木齐冬季大雾与低空逆温的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了找出雾与逆温之间的联系和规律,为大雾预报提供参考依据,利用乌鲁木齐市2000年1月—2006年4月的地面、探空资料,对210个大雾日和1221个逆温日进行了统计特征分析。分析表明,乌鲁木齐市区逆温年发生频率为82%。一年中冬半年(10—3月)平均月发生频率为92%,夏半年(4—9月)平均月发生频率为68%。大雾只出现在10月至次年4月,雾日平均每年32.7d。冬季强逆温是形成大雾的重要条件之一,各月大雾日数与逆温日数及逆温层的厚度值、温差值之间呈正相关;与逆温层的底高呈反相关;在同一个月中,当逆温层底高低、温差大和强度强的情况下,出现雾的几率大;从7a雾日逆温平均特征值与无雾日逆温平均特征值比较分析表明:雾日逆温存在底高低、顶高低、厚度厚、温差大、强度强的特点。 相似文献
13.
Boundary-layer measurements made from the Swedish icebreaker Oden during the Arctic Ocean Experiment 2001 (AOE-2001) are analysed. They refer mainly to ice drift in the central Arctic during
the period 2–21 August 2001. On board Oden a remote sensing array with a wind profiler, cloud radar and a scanning microwave radiometer, and a regular weather station
operated continuously; soundings were also released during research stations. Turbulence and profile measurements on an 18-m
mast were deployed on the ice, along with two sodar systems, a microbarograph array and a tethered sounding system. Surface
flux and meteorological stations were also deployed on nearby ice floes. There is a clear diurnal cycle in radiation and also
in wind speed, cloud base and visibility. It is absent in temperature and humidity, probably due to the very strong control
by melting/ freezing ice and snow. In the advection of warm air, latent heat of melting maintains the surface temperature
at 0 °C, while with a negative energy balance the latent heat of freezing of the salty ocean water acts to maintain the surface
temperature > −2 °C. The constant presence of water at the surface maintains a relative humidity close to 100%, and this is
also often facilitated by an increasing specific humidity through the capping inversion, making entrainment a moisture source.
This ensures cloudy conditions, with low cloud and fog prevailing most of the time. Intrusions of warm and moist air from
beyond the ice edge are frequent, but the local Arctic boundary layer remains at a relatively constant temperature, and is
shallow and well mixed with strong capping inversions. Power spectra of surface-layer wind speed sometimes show large variance
at low frequency. A scanning radiometer provides a monitoring of the vertical thermal structure with a spatial and temporal
resolution not seen before in the Arctic. There are often two inversions, an elevated main inversion and a weak surface inversion,
and occasionally additional inversions occur. Enhanced entrainment across the main inversion appears to occur during frontal
passages. Variance of the scanning radiometer temperatures occurs in large pulses rather than varying smoothly, and the height
to the maximum variance appears to be a reasonable proxy for the boundary-layer depth. 相似文献
14.
Young-Hee Lee 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,132(3):383-399
Eddy-covariance data have been analyzed to investigate the influence of local stability on heat transfer within open canopies.
The flux–gradient relationship for heat is derived from the temperature variance equation, and the stability dependence of
the flux–gradient relationship is examined and discussed. The results indicate that the strong stability dependence of the
nondimensional standard deviation of temperature, and the small contributions of turbulent transport to the temperature variance,
lead to a strong stability dependence of the nondimensional temperature gradient within open canopies. Quadrant analysis and
hole size analysis were performed for momentum and heat fluxes in the subcanopy, and the results indicate that the contribution
of each quadrant to the total flux depends on both the local stability and canopy depth. The intermittency of the turbulent
flux does not show a clear dependence on local stability. As the contribution of ejections to the heat flux increases, the
vertical flux of the temperature variance changes sign from negative to positive, leading to small temperature variance transport
in unstable conditions. Multi-resolution analysis indicates that heat and momentum are transported with different dominant
time scales in very unstable conditions, suggesting a different role of local buoyancy in heat and momentum transfer. 相似文献
15.
北京春季城市热岛特征及强热岛影响因子 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
应用北京地区地面气象观测台1990-2004年4月的气温资料,分析了近15a北京春季城市热岛特征,结果表明：春季夜间城市热岛要强于白天。还分析了春季一个强热岛形成和减弱消失过程的气象影响因子,结果表明：北京春季夜间特定条件下存在强热岛,强热岛中心在白家庄、天安门、公主坟连线的主城区;白天强热岛会减弱消失。强热岛在夜间形成的原因是日落后郊区地面大气降温速率和幅度远大于城区地面大气。白天有日照的晴夜北京城、郊地面风场很弱（≤1．0m／s）,多个测站甚至出现静风,同时城区垂直方向上15m高度以下持续存在很弱（≤1．5m／s）的风场,城区320m高度以下大气持续存在强逆温,这些因素共同促使春季强热岛的形成和维持。强热岛在白天减弱消失的原因是日出后太阳辐射的加热作用引起郊区地面大气升温速率和幅度大于城区地面大气,同时城区大气稳定度减弱、城区大气逆温消失、城郊地面风速增加。 相似文献
16.
根据2004年10月珠江三角洲3个代表性观测点大气边界层观测资料, 分析了珠江三角洲秋季大气边界层温度和风廓线特征。结果表明:珠江三角洲秋季气温递减率较低, 逆温出现频率较高, 强度较弱, 海风使珠江口贴地逆温的出现时间推迟、低空逆温的出现频率增加。珠江三角洲秋季受多种局地环流影响, 边界层内风廓线比较复杂, 晚上城市群与非城市群地区风向有明显差别; 城市群和珠江口多次分别观测到城市热岛环流和海风环流。 相似文献
17.
利用2003—2009年杭州市逐日探空观测资料及杭州市环境监测站空气污染物浓度监测资料,对杭州市主城区低空温度层结特征及与3种主要空气污染物（SO2、NO2和PM10）浓度之间的关系进行了统计分析。结果表明：杭州市主城区低空大气温度层结全年以弱稳定为主,一年四季皆有逆温层存在;冬半年逆温发生频率高于夏半年,逆温层厚度冬季较厚、夏季较薄,逆温强度秋季最强、夏季最弱。通过计算污染物浓度与逆温特性的相关关系,发现污染物浓度与逆温层底高呈负相关,与逆温频率、厚度、强度呈正相关,由此说明杭州市主城区低空大气逆温层结状况是影响当地空气污染程度的主要因素之一。 相似文献
18.
Jun LI Hongbin CHEN Zhanqing LI Pucai WANG Xuehua FAN Wenying HE Jinqiang ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2019,36(11):1235-1250
High-quality and continuous radiosonde, aerosol and surface meteorology datasets are used to investigate the statistical characteristics of meteorological parameters and their effects on aerosols. The data were collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains climate research facility during 2000–15. The parameters and vertical distribution of temperature inversion layers were found to have strong diurnal and seasonal changes. For surface-based temperature inversion (SBI), the mean frequency and depth of temperature inversion layers were 39.4% and 198 m, respectively. The temperature difference between the top and bottom of SBI was 4.8℃, and so the temperature gradient was 2.4℃ (100 m)?1. The detailed vertical distributions of temperature inversion had been determined, and only the temperature inversion layers below 1000 m showed diurnal and seasonal variations. Mean surface aerosol number concentrations increased by 43.0%, 21.9% and 49.2% when SBIs were present at 0530, 1730 and 2330 LST, respectively. The effect of SBI on surface aerosol concentration was weakest in summer (18.1%) and strongest in winter (58.4%). During elevated temperature inversion events, there was no noticeable difference in surface aerosol number concentrations. Temperature differences and temperature gradients across SBIs correlated fairly well with aerosol number concentrations, especially for temperature gradients. The vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties with and without temperature inversions was different. Surface aerosol measurements were representative of the air within (below), but not above, SBIs and EIs. These results provide a basis for developing a boundary layer aerosol accumulation model and for improving radiative transfer models in the lower atmosphere. 相似文献