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1.
震旦纪—寒武纪转折期是地球演化的关键节点,这一时期的碳-氧同位素记录在塔里木保留完整却关注较少。选取苏盖特布拉克露头震旦系与寒武系交界地层实测采样,并开展了古生物、镜下鉴定、碳同位素漂移事件的综合分析,探讨了N1(BACE)、P1(ZHUCE)等碳同位素漂移事件的成因机制。样品的δ13Ccarb和δ18Ocarb相关系数(R2=0.05)、δ18Ocarb和Mn/Sr相关系数(R2=0.09)及岩石学特征表明,后期成岩改造并未导致碳-氧同位素的显著分馏,原始碳同位素特征得以基本保留。由下至上,在该剖面识别出P-1事件(δ13Ccarb峰值1.9‰2.4‰)、N1事件(-6.8‰-10.3‰)、P1事件(1.4‰4.1‰)、N2a-c事件(-0.4‰-2.8‰)、P2a-c事件(0.2‰0.6‰)和N3事件(-3.4‰)。综合碳同位素演化特征与古生物、年代学数据,确认了玉尔吐斯组底部硅质页岩与奇格布拉克组顶部藻云岩的分界面为塔里木震旦系与寒武系的分界线,并实现了该露头与老林、肖滩、三峡、西伯利亚、阿曼和摩洛哥剖面的地层对比。分析认为,塔里木北缘震旦纪—寒武纪转折期的碳漂移事件,更多受控于古海洋氧气含量变化引起的固碳率forg的波动。玉尔吐斯组早期海侵背景下的大规模缺氧事件导致的初级生产力和固碳率降低,是N1负漂移事件(BACE)的主因;随后海退中氧气含量的增加引起生产力重建和固碳率增加,形成了P1正漂移事件(ZHUCE)。这一成果性认识有助于塔里木盆地寒武纪古环境研究与深层超深层油气远景资源评价。 相似文献
2.
Mantle sources and crustal input as recorded in high-Mg Deccan Traps basalts of Gujarat (India) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Near-primitive picritic basalts in the northwestern Deccan Traps have MgO > 10 wt.% and consist of two groups (low-Ti and high-Ti) with markedly different incompatible element and Nd–Sr–Pb isotope characteristics. Many elemental characteristics of the low-Ti picritic basalts are similar to those of transitional or normal ocean ridge basalts. However, values of ratios like Ba/Nb (13–30) and Ce/Pb (4–11), and isotopic ratios (e.g., εNd(t) + 0.3 to − 6.3, (207Pb/204Pb)t 15.63–15.75 at (206Pb/204Pb)t 18.19–18.84, δ18Oolivine as high as + 6.2‰) are far-removed from ocean-ridge-type values, indicating a significant contribution from continental crust. The crustal signature could represent crustal contamination of ascending magmas; alternatively, it could represent a minor component within the Indian lithospheric mantle of anciently subducted sedimentary material or fluids derived from subducted material. In contrast, the high-Ti picritic basalts are chemically and isotopically rather similar to recent shield lavas of the Réunion hotspot (e.g., εNd(t) + 2 to + 4) and to volcanic rocks along the postulated pre-Deccan track of this hotspot in Pakistan. Neither type of picritic basalt is parental to the voluminous flows comprising the bulk of the Deccan Traps. However, many of the Deccan primary magmas could have been derived from mixtures of a high-Ti-type, Réunion-like source component and a component more similar to, or even more incompatible-element-depleted than, average ocean-ridge mantle. 相似文献
3.
Boron isotopic composition of subduction-zone metamorphic rocks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Many arc lavas contain material derived from subducted oceanic crust and sediments, but it remains unresolved whether this distinctive geochemical signature is transferred from the subducting slab by aqueous fluids, silicate melts, or both. Boron isotopic measurements have the potential to distinguish between slab transfer mechanisms because 11B fractionates preferentially into aqueous fluids whereas little fractionation may occur during partial melting. Previous studies have shown that δ11B values of island arc lavas (−6 to +7) overlap the range of δ11B values for altered oceanic crust (−5 to +25) and pelagic sediments and turbidites (−7 to +11). Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses of minerals in subduction-zone metamorphic rocks yield δ11B=−11 to −3 suggesting that slab dehydration reactions significantly lower the δ11B values of subducted oceanic crust and sediments. In order to explain the higher δ11B values reported for arc lavas as compared to subduction-zone metamorphic rocks, the B-bearing component derived from the metamorphosed slab must be enriched in 11B relative to the slab, favoring an aqueous fluid as the slab transfer mechanism. 相似文献
4.
There are two types of gneisses, biotite paragneiss and granitic orthogneiss, to be closely associated with UHP eclogite at Shuanghe in the Dabie terrane. Both concentration and isotope composition of bulk carbon in apatite and host gneisses were determined by the EA-MS online technique. Structural carbonate within the apatite was detected by the XRD and FTIR techniques. Significant 13C-depletion was observed in the apatite with δ13C values of −28.6‰ to −22.3‰ and the carbon concentrations of 0.70–4.98 wt.% CO2 despite a large variation in δ18O from −4.3‰ to +10.6‰ for these gneisses. There is significant heterogeneity in both δ13C and δ18O within the gneisses on the scale of several tens meters, pointing to the presence of secondary processes after the UHP metamorphism. Considerable amounts of carbonate carbon occur in some of the gneisses that were also depleted in 13C primarily, but subjected to overprint of 13C-rich CO2-bearing fluid after the UHP metamorphism. The 13C-depleted carbon in the gneisses is interpreted to be inherited from their precursors that suffered meteoric–hydrothermal alteration before plate subduction. Both low δ13C values and structural carbonate in the apatite suggest the presence of 13C-poor CO2 in the UHP metamorphic fluid. The 13C-poor CO2 is undoubtedly derived from oxidation of organic matter in the subsurface fluid during the prograde UHP metamorphism.
Zircons from two samples of the granitic orthogneiss exhibit low δ18O values of −4.1‰ to −1.1‰, demonstrating that its protolith was significantly depleted in 18O prior to magma crystallization. U–Pb discordia datings for the 18O-depleted zircons yield Neoproterozoic ages of 724–768 Ma for the protolith of the granitic orthogneiss, consistent with protolith ages of most eclogites and orthogneisses from the other regions in the Dabie–Sulu orogen. Therefore, the meteoric–hydrothermal alteration is directly dated to occur at mid-Neoproterozoic, and may be correlated with the Rodinia supercontinental breakup and the snowball Earth event. It is thus deduced that the igneous protolith of the granitic orthogneiss and some eclogites would intrude into the older sequences composing the sedimentary protoliths of the biotite paragneiss and some eclogites along the northern margin of the Yangtze plate at mid-Neoproterozoic, and drove local meteoric–hydrothermal circulation systems in which both 13C- and 18O-depleted fluid interacted with the protoliths of these UHP rocks now exposed in the Dabie terrane. 相似文献
5.
The probability density function of orientations of crystals generally cannot be measured directly without destruction of the specimen. Therefore it is usual practice to sample pole density functions of several crystal forms in diffraction experiments with a texture goniometer. Determining a reasonable orientation density function from experimental pole density functions is then the crucial prerequisite of quantitative texture analysis. This mathematical problem may be addressed as a tomographic inversion problem specified by the crystal and statistical specimen symmetries and the properties of the diffraction experiment. Its solution with maximum entropy preferred orientation portion and maximum uniform portion is proposed because it yields the most conservative orientation density function with systematically reduced correlation effects, thus avoiding artificial texture ghost≓ components caused by the specific properties of the diffraction experiment. 相似文献
6.
陕西旬阳泗人沟铅锌矿床位于南秦岭褶皱系之大羊山复向斜南翼,赋存在上志留统水洞沟组第二岩性段的粉砂质千枚岩中。矿体受控于层间破碎带和劈理带,呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出。矿石矿物以闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿为主;矿石结构主要为它形-半自形粒状集合体结构、交代结构和固溶体分离结构;矿石构造主要为块状、条带状、浸染状和细脉状。激光剥蚀多接收等离子体质谱原位S同位素组成分析结果显示,矿石硫化物的硫同位素组成比较稳定,样品的δ34S值主要介于0.17‰~2.03‰之间,具有塔式分布特征,反映硫主要源于地幔和深部地壳,也有少量地层硫参与。9件矿石硫化物样品的206Pb/204Pb值为17.198~18.213,平均17.845;207Pb/204Pb值为15.564~15.627,平均15.610; 208Pb/204Pb值为37.982~38.471,平均38.206;反映铅同位素总体较稳定,变化范围较小,铅同位素主要源于上地壳,也有少量地幔铅参与。综合矿床地质、地球化学特征,认为泗人沟铅锌矿床成因类型属于后生热液充填交代型。 相似文献
7.
内蒙古大井铜锡多金属矿床是大兴安岭成矿带代表性矿床之一,矿区位于内蒙古东部林西县境内,成矿地质条件良好。矿床矿石中同位素特征及与成矿的关系研究薄弱。本文通过对矿体中黄铜矿Cu同位素,黄铜矿、黄铁矿S同位素和Pb同位素的研究表明:黄铜矿δ65Cu 值总体范围为 -0.46‰+0.32‰,平均值为0 ‰,2σ误差平均值约为0.03‰;黄铜矿、黄铁矿δ34S值总体范围为 +0.076 ‰+3.00‰,平均值为+1.83‰,且δ34S值分散程度也较小,整体较均一,属于岩浆硫的同位素特征;Pb同位素数据整体变化很小,具体为206Pb/204Pb=18.29118.353,207Pb/204Pb =15.50115.574,208Pb/204Pb =38.05138.265。结合区域前人的研究表明,大井矿Cu同位素的变化是由于硫化物-岩浆分异过程导致,大井矿矿石黄铜矿δ65Cu的变化可能指示了矿化阶段成矿硫化物的演化方向,δ65Cu逐渐降低的方向可能存在隐伏矿体,研究区域东部生产区域与外围预测未生产区域具有一致的Cu同位素特征,Cu同位素证据表明大井矿外围预测区可能存在深部隐伏矿体。 相似文献
8.
Diamond-bearing carbonate rocks from Kumdy-Kol, Kokchetav massif, Kazakhstan, were strongly altered by fluids flowing through fractures and infiltrating along grain boundaries during exhumation. Alteration includes retrogradation of high-grade silicate assemblages by hydrous minerals, replacement of diamond by graphite and of dolomite by calcite. Diamond-bearing carbonate rocks are among the most intensely altered isotopically with δ18OVSMOW values as low as +9‰, δ13CVPDB=−9‰, and 87Sr/86Sr as high as 0.8050. Evidence of isotopic equilibration between coexisting dolomite and high-Mg calcite during ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism (UHPM) is preserved only rarely in samples isolated from infiltrating fluids by distance from fractures. Isotopic heterogeneity and isotopic disequilibrium are widespread on a hand-specimen scale. Because of this lack of homogeneity, bulk analyses cannot provide definitive measurements of 13C/12C fractionation between coexisting diamond and carbonate. Our study adequately documents alteration on a scale commensurate with observed vein structures. But, testing the hypothesis of metamorphic origin of microdiamonds has not fully succeeded because our analytical spatial resolution, limited to 0.5 mm, is not small enough to measure individual dolomite inclusions or individual diamond crystals. 相似文献
9.
Y. Katzir B.A. Litvinovsky B.M. Jahn M. Eyal A.N. Zanvilevich J.W. Valley Ye. Vapnik Y. Beeri M.J. Spicuzza 《Lithos》2007,97(3-4):336-364
Late Neoproterozoic bimodal dyke suites are abundant in the Arabian–Nubian Shield. In southern Israel this suite includes dominant alkaline quartz porphyry dykes, rare mafic dykes, and numerous composite dykes with felsic interiors and mafic margins. The quartz porphyry chemically corresponds to A-type granite. Composite dykes with either abrupt or gradational contacts between the felsic and mafic rocks bear field, petrographic and chemical evidence for coexistence and mixing of basaltic and rhyolitic magmas. Mixing and formation of hybrid intermediate magmas commenced at depth and continued during emplacement of the dykes. Oxygen isotope ratios of alkali feldspar in quartz porphyry (13 to 15‰) and of plagioclase in trachydolerite (10–11‰) are much higher than their initial magmatic ratios predicted by equilibrium with unaltered quartz (8 to 9‰) and clinopyroxene (5.8‰). The elevation of δ18O in alkali feldspar and plagioclase, and extensive turbidization and sericitization call for post-magmatic low-temperature (≤ 100 °C) water–rock interaction. Hydrous alteration of alkali feldspar, the major carrier of Rb and Sr in the quartz–porphyry, also accounts for the highly variable and unusually high I(Sr) of 0.71253 to 0.73648.
The initial 143Nd/144Nd ratios, expressed by εNd(T) values, are probably unaltered and show small variation in mafic and felsic rocks within a narrow range from + 1.4 to + 3.3. The Nd isotope signature suggests either a common mantle source for the mafic and silicic magmas or a juvenile crustal source for the felsic rocks (metamorphic rocks from the Elat area). However, oxygen isotope ratios of zircon in quartz porphyry [δ18O(Zrn) = 6.5 to 7.2‰] reveal significant crustal contribution to the rhyolite magma, suggesting that mafic and A-type silicic magmas are not co-genetic, although coeval. Comparison of 18O/16O ratios in zircon allows to distinguish two groups of A-type granites in the region: those with mantle-derived source, δ18O(Zrn) ranging from 5.5 to 5.8‰ (Timna and Katharina granitoids) and those with major contribution of the modified juvenile crustal component, δ18O(Zrn) varying from 6.5 to 7.2‰ (Elat quartz porphyry dykes and the Yehoshafat alkaline granite). This suggests that A-type silicic magmas in the northern ANS originated by alternative processes almost coevally. 相似文献
10.
基于AMS 14C年龄和底栖有孔虫氧同位素建立的地层年代框架,重点探讨了冲绳海槽中北部CSHC-15孔MIS6期以来(约200 ka)底栖有孔虫δ13C特征及其古海洋指示意义。结果显示,冰期-间冰期表层初级生产力和有机质通量的变化是导致底栖有孔虫δ13C值在MIS4和MIS6期负偏而在MIS1、MIS3和MIS5期正偏的主要原因。MIS2期的底栖有孔虫δ13C正偏,指示了NPIW侵入冲绳海槽,导致通风性加强,底层水呈弱氧化状态。甲烷渗漏引发的甲烷厌氧氧化作用(AOM)是导致CSHC-15孔底栖有孔虫在MIS4期碳同位素大幅负偏的原因。 相似文献
11.
J. Ulrych J. Adamovic
K.
k J. Frna Z. &#x;anda A. Langrov R. Skla M. Chvtal 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2007,67(4):301-312
Barite occurrences related to the Cenozoic (Late Alpine) low-temperature hydrothermal activity are present in the continental Ohře (Eger) Rift area. A specific, Ra-bearing type of barite has been known under the name “radiobarite” from this area since 1904. Revision of 12 localities revealed the presence of alleged radiobarite only in the Teplice (Lahošť–Jeníkov) and Karlovy Vary areas. Barite from other localities is radium-poor. Barite crystals showing concentric oscillation colour zoning totally prevail. Isomorphous substitution of Sr (X×10−1 to X×wt%), Ca (X×10−2 wt%) and Fe (X×10−1 wt%) for Ba was proved. Average SrO contents of 0.4 wt% are markedly exceeded in some samples from Lahošť–Jeníkov (max. 3.2 wt%) and Karlovy Vary (max. 4.9 wt%). Besides inclusions of stoichiometric iron disulphide, the same samples also contain iron disulphides with unusual high contents of Co (max. 12.2 wt%) and Ni (max. to 8.4 wt%). Specific activity of 238U in the studied barites is very low while that of 226Ra reaches 8 Bq/g in several samples. Therefore, 226Ra is not in equilibrium with its parent uranium. These “radiobarites” or their parts must be therefore relatively young, not older than 10–15 ka. Very low uranium contents (<0.4 ppm) were also confirmed by neutron activation analyses of barite samples.
Unit-cell dimensions refined from X-ray powder diffraction data do not show any systematic variation with the measured chemical composition. Their values agree with the data given in the literature. Reflection half-widths, however, seem to correlate with chemistry. Peaks are wider in samples from Lahošť–Jeníkov and Karlovy Vary.
Sulphur and oxygen stable isotope compositions of the Cenozoic barite mineralization of Teplice area are very uniform (δ34S values between 3.9‰ and 7.1‰ CDT, and δ18O values between 6.1‰ and 7.7‰ SMOW), while the barites of Děc˘ín area show more variable sulphur sources. Sulphate derived from sediments of the Tertiary Most Basin seems to dominate for the Teplice area, while Cretaceous sediments are a more probable sulphur source in the Děc˘ín area. Calculation of oxygen isotope composition of hydrothermal fluids based on fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures and barite δ18O data shows δ18Ofluid values in the range of meteoric waters or δ18O – shifted deep circulating meteoric or basinal waters. 相似文献
12.
海洋沉积物有机质碳氮稳定同位素(δ13C、δ15N)广泛用于有机质来源示踪、古生产力和古海洋环境重建。日本海沉积物δ13C和δ15N值一个显著特征是在末次冰盛期(LGM)同步负偏,但是对这一现象产生的原因以及他们的演化过程的认识仍然存在明显不足。在本研究中,我们详细调查了37 ka以来日本海中部LV53-23-1岩心沉积物δ13C和δ15N演化历史。结果显示,沉积物δ13C和δ15N分别介于-26.3‰至-22.5‰和1.6‰至6.1‰,低值出现在LGM(26.5~17 ka)暗色层状泥发育时期,指示较强的陆源输入贡献。在Heinrich冰阶1时期(17~14.5 ka),δ13C和δ15N快速正偏,表明日本海海洋环境发生了明显的转换,对应于对马海峡淹没及对马暖流入侵。14.5 ka之后,沉积物δ15N值恢复到5‰,与开阔大洋海水硝酸盐的δ15N值近似。我们采用二端员混合模型粗略地估算了有机质来源的相对贡献。LGM时期陆源有机质贡献介于65%至80%,14.5 ka以后海源有机质贡献介于60%至80%。除了增加的陆源有机质贡献以外,LGM时期沉积物δ15N亏损还涉及如下过程:(1)较高的含Fe沙尘供给提高日本海表层海洋生物固氮效率;(2)缺氧环境盛行减弱成岩作用对沉积物δ15N影响。37 ka以来,日本海沉积物δ13C和δ15N变化与有机质来源、营养盐的供给、表层生产力和沉积物氧化还原条件相关,实际受海平面和全球气候制约。 相似文献
13.
阿扎哈达石英脉型铜铋矿床位于二连—东乌旗多金属成矿带中段。铜铋热液矿化过程从早到晚可以分为3个阶段,分别为石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿-辉铜矿-辉铋矿-自然铋-萤石阶段(Ⅱ)和晚期石英-方解石阶段(Ⅲ)。铜铋矿化主要产于Ⅱ阶段石英脉中。流体包裹体类型主要为气液两相包裹体。测温结果显示Ⅰ阶段富气相包裹体均一温度变化范围为224~427 ℃,盐度(w(NaCleq)为16.0%~22.4%;富液相包裹体均一温度为229~410 ℃,盐度为9.2%~22.2%。Ⅱ阶段富气相包裹体均一温度为245~343 ℃,盐度为17.8%~20.5%;富液相包裹体均一温度为180~361 ℃,盐度为10.5%~21.3%。Ⅲ阶段富液相包裹体均一温度为132~262 ℃,盐度为3.4%~19.4%。成矿热液整体上属于中温、中等盐度流体。单个包裹体激光拉曼分析表明气液相成分主要是H2O,含少量CH4,指示成矿流体属于NaCl-H2O±CH4体系。C-O同位素数据(δ13CV-PDB值范围为-6.7‰~-1.4‰,δ18OV-SMOW值为-2.4‰~+11.5‰)表明成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,晚阶段有大气降水的混入。黄铁矿S同位素组成(1.3‰~9.5‰)指示成矿物质主要来源于岩浆热液,并有部分地层物质加入。黄铁矿Pb同位素组成208Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和206Pb/204Pb值变化范围分别为38.081~38.229、15.561~15.602和18.270~18.383,所有数据点均落在造山带铅范围内,表明成矿物质主要来源于侵位的花岗岩,同时地层提供了部分成矿物质。结合流体包裹体和同位素地球化学研究,文章认为温度下降及水岩反应是导致矿质沉淀的重要机制。 相似文献
14.
Tourmalinite and tourmaline-rich rocks associated with Fe-carbonate–graphite phyllite, strata-bound polymetallic sulphide deposits, metabasite and marble were studied, for information on the mechanism of tourmaline formation in the pre-Hercynian low-grade metamorphic sequence of the Mandanici Unit in the Peloritani Mountains of Sicily, southern Italy. The major and trace element compositions of the tourmaline rocks suggest the existence of a sedimentary protolith with pre-metamorphic black shale and bedded chert. Boron was interpreted to be accumulated in a restricted sedimentary basin, between platform carbonate formations, with abundant organic matter and Fe–Al–Ti-rich laterite–bauxite soil-derived clastic supply, under a continental volcano-tectonic extensional regime accompanied by a local convective hydrothermal system along faults. Petrographic, crystal–chemical and δ11B isotopic data are compatible with a model of marine sediment dewatering at temperatures below 200 °C, which caused the removal of boron from clay. Metamorphism led to the development of tourmaline in an Al–Ti-rich environment, in equilibrium with other minerals such as ilmenite, albite and muscovite. The upper temperature of metamorphism (almost 375 °C), estimated on the basis of δ11B, fits geothermometric results from Δ13Ccarbonate–graphite on associated rocks. The estimated value of δ11B in the tourmalinite protolith, − 7.5‰ , is also compatible with continental-derived Al-rich sediments. 相似文献
15.
Zheng Lai Ni Su Zhouyang Wu Ergang Lian Chengfan Yang Fangliang Li Shouye Yang 《地球科学进展》1986,35(7):691-703
The new non-traditional stable strontium (Sr) isotope has aroused great attention from academic scholars in terms of the continental weathering and marine Sr cycle. The analytical precision of stable Sr isotope using mass spectrometry is better than 0.03‰. The compiled δ88/ 86Sr values vary from -3.65‰ to 1.68‰ in natural reservoirs. Recent findings indicate that multiple processes can cause stable Sr isotope fractionation in Earth surface, including the incongruent dissolution of primary minerals, the formation and adsorption of secondary minerals, the precipitation of calcium carbonate, and the biological cycling. These processes lead to higher δ88/ 86Sr in the liquid phase and lower δ88/ 86Sr in the solid phase, and thus result in different geochemical behavior of stable Sr isotopes in water and sediment during the weathering processes. The δ88/ 86Sr values of river sediment decrease with the increase of weathering intensity, which has the potential to indicate chemical weathering intensity. Meanwhile, further study on the fractionation mechanisms and constraints of stable Sr isotopes in river water plays an important role in tracing chemical weathering processes within the watershed, which will lead to a better understanding of the global ocean Sr cycle. 相似文献
16.
科洛金矿床位于黑龙江省嫩江—黑河构造混杂岩带中,为一正在勘查的中型金矿床。前人研究认为该矿床为一中温、富水、低盐度的韧性剪切带型金矿床。但随着勘查工作的持续开展,新发现了大量含多金属硫化物的石英脉型矿石。为进一步明确该矿床成因,对科洛金矿床内韧性变形和浸染状-团块状两种不同产状黄铁矿进行了系统的成分标型及稳定同位素特征研究。结果表明:韧性变形黄铁矿较浸染-团块状黄铁矿的S/Fe值低,Au、Ag、Co含量高,As含量低,总体显示韧性变形黄铁矿相对贫硫;黄铁矿微量元素显示两类黄铁矿REE具有相似的地球化学特征,整体呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的“右倾”式稀土配分模式。稀土元素总量为17.00×10-6~66.95×10-6,韧性变形黄铁矿含量明显偏低,LREE/HREE值为5.25~12.50,相对较稳定。Y/Ho值与地幔和地壳重合范围较多,Zr/Hf值、Nb/Ta值变化范围较大,显示成矿环境不稳定;黄铁矿3He含量为2.405×10-13~10.811×10-13,4He含量为3.35×10-7~4.99×10-7,3He-4He图和R/Ra-40Ar/36Ar图显示成矿流体有以地幔为主的壳幔混源特征,成矿过程应有大气降水的参与;黄铁矿δ34S变化范围小,集中在+2.3‰~+7.6‰(韧性变形黄铁矿δ34S平均值偏低),稍正向偏离陨石硫特征;黄铁矿的206Pb/204Pb=18.157~18.211;207Pb/204Pb=15.542~15.594;208Pb/204Pb=38.032~38.218(韧性变形黄铁矿的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb平均值偏低),均显示与造山作用关系密切。利用黄铁矿化学成分特征元素Co/Ni值及Co-Ni成因判别图解认为科洛金矿有热液成因矿床特征;利用w(Fe+S)-w(As)图解和Co-Ni-As含量图解显示石英脉型矿石反映浅成低温热液型金矿特征。综合区域变质变形事件、典型矿床特征及矿区内已取得的年龄、流体包裹体等相关数据认为,科洛金矿床应存在两期矿化:三叠纪形成的韧性剪切带型金矿床和白垩纪形成的浅成低温热液型金矿床。建议在今后的矿产勘查中注意寻找真正的韧性剪切带型金矿。 相似文献
17.
山西梨园金矿是近年华北克拉通内部金矿找矿的新进展,其矿化样式多,具有较高的研究价值。梨园金矿赋存于太古宙阜平群片麻岩和混合岩化花岗岩中,受区内北北东向断裂控制,主要由爆破角砾岩型的1号矿体和石英脉型的2号矿体组成。矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿等,脉石矿物主要为石英、绢云母、钾长石等,蚀变类型主要为硅化、钾长石化、绢云母化、绿泥石化等。黄铁矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿δ34S值为0.9‰~4.3‰,平均值为3.0‰,说明硫源主要来自岩浆;方铅矿δ34S值为-12.8‰~1.4‰,平均值为-4.2‰,pH值升高可能是造成方铅矿高负δ34S值的原因。金属硫化物Pb同位素变化范围较小,206Pb/204Pb为16.697~16.890,207Pb/204Pb为15.239~15.267,208Pb/204Pb为42.186~45.334,均落入下地壳演化线附近,表明成矿流体运移过程中可能淋滤了富Th的下地壳物质。黄铁矿的3He/4He为0.27~1.04 Ra,40Ar/36Ar为1 194.61~5 488.80,38Ar/36Ar为0.204~0.218,表明成矿流体主要来源于地壳,部分来源于地幔流体,具有壳幔混合的岩浆流体特点。微量元素特征显示黄铁矿具有岩浆热液型黄铁矿的特点,辉绿岩脉和石英斑岩的部分物质可能加入了成矿过程。文章认为梨园金矿为与浅成岩浆侵入作用相关的岩浆热液型金矿床,爆破角砾岩型和石英脉型矿体不同的沉淀机制和矿物结晶过程是导致二者REE含量、S-Pb-He-Ar同位素等方面存在差异的主要原因。梨园金矿深部具有寻找细脉浸染型矿体的可能,其成矿作用是太行山中部地区燕山期构造岩浆活动的又一具体表现。 相似文献
18.
Rondi M. Davies William L. Griffin Suzanne Y. O''Reilly Tom E. McCandless 《Lithos》2004,77(1-4):99-111
Analyses of mineral inclusions, carbon isotopes, nitrogen contents and nitrogen aggregation states in 29 diamonds from two Buffalo Hills kimberlites in northern Alberta, Canada were conducted. From 25 inclusion bearing diamonds, the following paragenetic abundances were found: peridotitic (48%), eclogitic (32%), eclogitic/websteritic (8%), websteritic (4%), ultradeep? (4%) and unknown (4%). Diamonds containing mineral inclusions of ferropericlase, and mixed eclogitic-asthenospheric-websteritic and eclogitic-websteritic mineral associations suggests the possibility of diamond growth over a range of depths and in a variety of mantle environments (lithosphere, asthenosphere and possibly lower mantle).
Eclogitic diamonds have a broad range of C-isotopic composition (δ13C=−21‰ to −5‰). Peridotitic, websteritic and ultradeep diamonds have typical mantle C-isotope values (δ13C=−4.9‰ av.), except for two 13C-depleted peridotitic (δ13C=−11.8‰, −14.6‰) and one 13C-depleted websteritic diamond (δ13C=−11.9‰). Infrared spectra from 29 diamonds identified two diamond groups: 75% are nitrogen-free (Type II) or have fully aggregated nitrogen defects (Type IaB) with platelet degradation and low to moderate nitrogen contents (av. 330 ppm-N); 25% have lower nitrogen aggregation states and higher nitrogen contents (30% IaB; <1600 ppm-N).
The combined evidence suggests two generations of diamond growth. Type II and Type IaB diamonds with ultradeep, peridotitic, eclogitic and websteritic inclusions crystallised from eclogitic and peridotitic rocks while moving in a dynamic environment from the asthenosphere and possibly the lower mantle to the base of the lithosphere. Mechanisms for diamond movement through the mantle could be by mantle convection, or an ascending plume. The interaction of partial melts with eclogitic and peridotitic lithologies may have produced the intermediate websteritic inclusion compositions, and can explain diamonds of mixed parageneses, and the overlap in C-isotope values between parageneses. Strong deformation and extremely high nitrogen aggregation states in some diamonds may indicate high mantle storage temperatures and strain in the diamond growth environment. A second diamond group, with Type IaA–IaB nitrogen aggregation and peridotitic inclusions, crystallised at the base of the cratonic lithosphere. All diamonds were subsequently sampled by kimberlites and transported to the Earth's surface. 相似文献
19.
The three layered intrusions studied in the Laouni area have been emplaced within syn-kinematic Pan-African granites and older metamorphic rocks. They have crystallized at the end of the regional high-temperature metamorphism, but are free from metamorphic recrystallization, revealing a post-collisional character. The cumulate piles can be interpreted in terms of two magmatic liquid lines of descent: one is tholeiitic and marked by plagioclase–olivine–clinopyroxene cumulates (troctolites or olivine bearing gabbros), while the other is calc-alkaline and produced orthopyroxene–plagioclase rich cumulates (norites). One intrusion (WL (West Laouni)-troctolitic massif), shows a Lower Banded Zone where olivine-chromite orthocumulates are interlayered with orthopyroxene-rich and olivine–plagioclase–clinopyroxene cumulates, whereas the Upper Massive Zone consists mainly of troctolitic and gabbroic cumulates. The other two massifs are more homogeneous: the WL-noritic massif has a calc-alkaline differentiation trend whereas the EL (East Laouni)–troctolitic massif has a tholeiitic one. Separated pyroxene and plagioclase display similar incompatible trace element patterns, regardless of the cumulate type. Calculated liquids in equilibrium with the two pyroxenes for both noritic and troctolitic cumulates are characterized by negative Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf anomalies and light REE enrichment inherited from the parental magmas. Troctolitic cumulates have mantle-derived δ18O (+5 to +6‰), initial 87Sr/86Sr (Sri=0.7030 to 0.7054), Nd (+5 to −1) values whereas noritic cumulates are variably enriched in δ18O (+7 to +9‰), show negative Nd (−7 to −12) and slightly higher Sri (0.7040–0.7065). Based on field, isotopic ratios are interpreted as resulting from a depleted mantle source (Sri=0.7030; Nd=+5.1; δ18O=+5.1‰) having experience short term incompatible element enrichment and variable crustal contamination. The mantle magma was slightly contaminated by an Archaean lower crust in troctolitic cumulates, more strongly and with an additional contamination by an Eburnian upper crust in noritic cumulates. Lower crust input is recorded mainly by Sr and Nd isotopes and upper crust input by O isotopes. This is probably due to the different water/rock ratios of these two crust types. Assimilation of low amounts (<10%) of quartz-bearing felsic rocks, coming from both lower and upper crust, can explain the rise of SiO2 activity, the enrichment in 18O and 87Sr and the lowering of Nd in the noritic cumulates compared to troctolitic ones. The geodynamic model proposed to account for the Laouni tholeiitic magmatism involves a late Pan-African asthenospheric rise due to a rapid lithospheric thinning associated with functioning of shear zones, which allowed tholeiitic magmas to reach high crustal levels while experiencing decreasing degrees of crustal contamination with time. 相似文献
20.
黑河下游额济纳绿洲土地生产潜力的动态变化及影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在通过Visual MODFLOW软件模拟地下水位的基础上, 采用GIS技术进行栅格运算, 把影响土地生产潜力的各个因子作为"修正"系数, 运用逆向因子修正法分析黑河下游土地生产潜力的变化.在计算不同影响因素组合条件下土地生产潜力的同时, 结合不同的分水方案, 对各影响因素进行分析.结果表明: 在狼心山来水量为7.5×108m3·a-1时, 区域的水分有效系数整体增加, 植被覆盖度增大, 土地生产潜力大幅度提高, 能有效改善当地的生态环境.与现状相比, 在来水量为2.5×108m3·a-1时, 东河下游的水分有效系数出现降低的情形; 在来水量为5.0×108m3·a-1和7.5×108m3·a-1 时, 其水分有效系数均显著增加. 通过对影响因素的剖析有利于预警当地荒漠化发展的趋势, 进一步建立土地沙漠化的判别指标体系, 从而为黑河流域的土地生产服务. 相似文献