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Three sets of pyrolysis experiments were performed on extracted coal (Ro% 0.39), coal (initial bitumen 13.5 mg/g coal) and bitumen enriched coal (total bitumen 80.9 mg/g coal) at two heating rates of 2 °C/h and 20 °C/h in confined systems (gold capsules). For all three experiments, the yields of bitumen, Σn-C8+, aromatic components and ΣC2–5 at first increase and then decrease with increasing EASY%Ro and reach the highest values within the EASY%Ro ranges of 0.67–1.08, 1.07–1.19, 1.46–1.79 and 1.46–1.68, respectively. In contrast, C1/ΣC1–5 ratio at first decreases and then increases with EASY%Ro and reaches a minimum value in EASY%Ro range of 0.86–1.08, closely corresponding to the maximum values of the yields of bitumen and Σn-C8+. Methane yields increase consistently with EASY%Ro. Nearly half of the maximum yield of methane from kerogen was generated at EASY%Ro > 2.2. The differences in methane yields among the three experiments at the same thermal stress are relatively minor at EASY%Ro < 2.2, but are greater with thermal stress at EASY%Ro > 2.2. This demonstrates that the kerogen always retained relatively more hydrogen and hydrocarbon generative potential at the postmature stage of bitumen rich coal than the extracted coal or coal.The maximum yield of ethane is 20–25% higher in the bitumen rich coal experiment than the extracted coal or coal, while the maximum yields of C3, C4 and C5 in the former are double to triple those in the latter. This result demonstrates that the added bitumen in bitumen rich coal substantially increased the generation of these wet gases. However, the averaged values of activation energies (with the same frequency factors) for both the generation and cracking of individual wet gases are similar and do not show consistent trends among the three experiments. For all three experiments, activation energies for the generation and cracking of wet gases are significantly lower than those in previously published oil pyrolysis experiments with same frequency factors (Pan et al., 2012; Organic Geochemistry 45, 29–47). Methane δ13C values at the maximum temperature or EASY%Ro are close to those of initial wet gases, especially C3, implying that the major part of methane shared a common initial precursor with wet gases, i.e., free and bound liquid alkanes. 相似文献
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Health impacts of coal and coal use: possible solutions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Robert B. Finkelman William Orem Vincent Castranova Calin A. Tatu Harvey E. Belkin Baoshan Zheng Harry E. Lerch Susan V. Maharaj Anne L. Bates 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2002,50(1-4)
Coal will be a dominant energy source in both developed and developing countries for at least the first half of the 21st century. Environmental problems associated with coal, before mining, during mining, in storage, during combustion, and postcombustion waste products are well known and are being addressed by ongoing research. The connection between potential environmental problems with human health is a fairly new field and requires the cooperation of both the geoscience and medical disciplines. Three research programs that illustrate this collaboration are described and used to present a range of human health problems that are potentially caused by coal. Domestic combustion of coal in China has, in some cases, severely affected human health. Both on a local and regional scale, human health has been adversely affected by coals containing arsenic, fluorine, selenium, and possibly, mercury. Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), an irreversible kidney disease of unknown origin, has been related to the proximity of Pliocene lignite deposits. The working hypothesis is that groundwater is leaching toxic organic compounds as it passes through the lignites and that these organics are then ingested by the local population contributing to this health problem. Human disease associated with coal mining mainly results from inhalation of particulate matter during the mining process. The disease is Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis characterized by coal dust-induced lesions in the gas exchange regions of the lung; the coal worker's “black lung disease”. 相似文献
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This study investigates the flow and caving characteristics of top coal and roof rock, as well as top coal loss pattern in the fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams. The two dimensional discrete element numerical simulation software program, particle flow code (PFC), is used for the simulation of top coal caving and the inversion analysis. The original locations, distribution, and migration pattern of caved top coal and lost coal were obtained. The analysis shows that in the initial site of caving, the caved bodies are in the form of arc shaped strips in front of the working face. During the caving, caved bodies of different heights move towards the lower rear of the face at different speeds. The lost coal and caved roof rock are originally located at the interface between coal seam and roof, the lost coal is mainly distributed in the goaf on the floor. Behind the support, the caved top coal bodies originally are arc shaped strips, with the highest points located at the midline of the caving opening. The strips are more curved near the goaf than those near the support. During top coal caving, the strips successively cave, with the adjacent outer strip replacing the caved one. The variations of top coal loss and waste rock ratio with time reflect the different phases of top coal caving. In order to improve coal recovery and limit the amount of caved roof rock, the waste rock ratio should be controlled below 10 %. When the waste rock ratio reaches this value, the caving opening should be closed. This paper provides theoretical bases for the improvement of top coal recovery in the fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams. 相似文献
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江苏省煤炭资源利用及找煤前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了苏南、徐州、丰沛煤田的煤炭资源利用现状和开发前景。对煤田预测成果进行了分析，评述、提出中大科技找煤力度，有希望取得较好的成果。 相似文献
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赤城煤田侏罗系中统延安组中赋存丰富的煤炭资源。研究该区地质构造及其控煤作用,对今后的煤炭资源勘查有一定的指导意义。本区煤系及煤层的分布规律受基底构造、同沉积构造及后期构造活动的改造等综合作用的控制,受其影响,该区煤系及煤层以NW-SE向的条带状分布于梁龙背斜两翼和赤城向斜的次级凹陷内,分布范围和埋藏深度受断层、褶皱等次级构造的控制,使煤系和煤层大致呈北部浅、南部深、东部浅、西部深的特点。因此,梁龙背斜的两翼和赤城向斜的次级凹陷是今后找煤的重点区域。 相似文献
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为深入探讨硬煤的煤与瓦斯突出机制,对深部硬煤掘进工作面煤与瓦斯突出的相关理论和模型试验进行研究。根据断裂力学、岩石力学及煤与瓦斯突出有关理论,提出深部开采过程中硬煤掘进工作面薄板理论假设,并将该理论应用于深部硬煤掘进工作面煤与瓦斯突出模拟试验研究。对硬煤掘进工作面薄板理论分析,认为工作面尺寸、煤的弹性模量、围岩侧压系数、瓦斯压力等因素对硬煤掘进工作面突出具有较大影响。试验结果表明,在围岩应力、煤的坚固性系数较大的情况下,硬煤突出临界条件主要受围岩应力、煤的弹性模量、围岩侧压系数及工作面尺寸等因素影响,而受瓦斯压力影响相对较小;在围岩应力、试样的坚固性系数较大且煤的弹性模量和侧压系数稳定不变的情况下,发生突出的临界轴向应力随模拟工作面尺寸增大而近似呈线性减小。试验结论基本符合本硬煤突出薄板模型理论公式,在一定程度上验证了硬煤掘进工作面煤薄板模型理论及硬煤掘进工作面突出机制假设。 相似文献
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南屯煤矿下组煤开采水文地质条件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了兖州南屯煤矿下组煤开采的水文地质条件,绘制了下组煤灰岩厚度等值线图、单位涌水量等值线图、灰岩含水层渗透系数等值线图、14灰至奥陶系间距等值线图,分析了隔水层、断裂导水的可能性,总结了南屯煤矿下组煤水害特征以及对安全生产产生的影响特性. 相似文献
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本文从区域构造演化及构造特征、"三软"煤层(顶、底板和煤层均破碎的煤层及组合)分布及瓦斯特性和构造煤瓦斯内能释放等方面探讨了新密矿区低临界值瓦斯动力现象发生的机理及地质控制作用。研究结果表明:新密矿区构造演化具有多期叠加改造的性质,中、新生代拉张裂陷环境中形成的重力滑动构造对"三软"煤层的普遍发育具有重要控制作用,"三软"煤层的形成及组合形式影响井田瓦斯赋存和构造应力环境的非均衡性;顺煤层断层、煤层流变的规模及构造煤的发育程度是低临界值瓦斯动力发生的主控因素;高应力环境下"三软"煤层中构造煤的初期内能释放是激发低临界值瓦斯动力现象发生的关键;对低临界值瓦斯动力区域的预测可以通过对煤层流变和瓦斯初期解吸能的研究来实现。 相似文献
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运用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-AES）分别对普安-晴隆矿区晚二叠世C17、C19、C22和C26号煤层中8个煤样和7个煤灰样进行微量元素含量的测试分析。结果表明,煤及煤灰中明显富集Li、Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ge、As、Nb、Mo、W、U等元素,且各元素在煤灰中更加富集,Nb、Zr、V、Ga和U等伴生金属元素的含量基本达到或超过了对应元素的边界品位或最低工业品位。煤中伴生元素的富集成因研究表明,V、Cr、Co、Nb和Zr等元素的富集主要受物源区峨眉山玄武岩风化碎屑物质供给的控制;U、S、Mo等元素的有限富集与海水作用有关;而受成煤期同沉积火山灰沉降的影响,煤中Li、Nb、Zr、Mo和U等微量元素表现出一致富集的特点;成煤期后的低温热液作用,使得各煤层,尤其是底部煤层（C19、C26）明显富集As、Mo、U和W等元素。综合分析认为,成煤期同沉积的火山灰沉降和成煤期后的低温热液作用是普安-晴隆矿区晚二叠世煤中伴生元素异常富集的主控地质因素。 相似文献
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龙永煤田中二叠统童子岩组煤系的顶底部广泛发育着一种缓倾角的断裂构造,这种地质构造主要特征之一就是造成地层的缺失,对煤系的赋存影响较大。在福建煤田地质界将其称之为"滑脱断层"。这种断层的发育具一定的层位性,在剖面上沿多个固定的层位顺层发育,上下叠置,相互平行、成组出现。发育层位从老至新主要有:栖霞组灰岩与下伏上泥盆系-石炭系之间的F0下断层;二叠统栖霞组灰岩和童子岩组煤系间的F0断层;童子岩组煤系一段与三段直接的F01断层;童子岩组煤系与上二叠统屏山组之间的F02断层;翠屏山组与下三叠统溪口组的F03断层等滑脱断层。龙永煤田滑脱断层的成因机制为:在晚古生代,存在一些大背斜,并且在印支期进一步隆升,造成岩层重力不稳定趋势;岩层从高处向低处脱离有个力学性质软弱面;外来的触发因素如地震、火山喷发等促使岩层从高处向低处滑动;由于断层发育的层位不同,其对煤系的影响作用也不同。若发育于煤系的底部,对煤系起破坏作用,不利于地质找煤。若发育于煤系的顶部,则对煤系起保护作用,使煤系的埋藏相对变浅,利于深部找煤。 相似文献