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1.
煤中稀土元素是煤地质领域研究源岩和沉积环境的良好地球化学指示剂,也是一种重要的矿产资源。运用ELEMENT XR等离子体质谱分析仪对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘石炭-二叠系和侏罗系延安组煤样中稀土元素进行测试,计算了多种化学参数并绘制了稀土元素分布类型曲线。在对稀土元素（REY）的地球化学特征分析的基础上,探讨了其物质来源。结果表明,石炭-二叠系煤中REY含量明显高于中国和世界煤中的均值,也高于上地壳值,呈铕（Eu）负异常,铈（Ce）负异常,这可能因为石炭-二叠系处于海陆交互相,与其处于强的还原环境有关;而侏罗系煤中REY含量却低于中国和世界煤中的均值,也低于上地壳值,呈轻微Eu负异常,轻微Ce正异常,侏罗系延安组主要为氧化的陆相环境,所以δCe在煤中的不亏损才会普遍存在。通过煤中稀土元素的分配模式、平面展布与其构造环境的综合分析,推测石炭-二叠系的物源为研究区西北部的阿拉善地块和北部的阴山古陆,南部的秦-祁造山带为侏罗系煤中稀土元素提供了主要的物质来源。   相似文献   

2.
Since 1975 several high-resolution seismic-refraction and reflection surveys have been carried out in western Germany to investigate the structure of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. The investigation culminated in the seismic-refraction survey along the 825 km long central part of the European Geotraverse (EGT) in 1986. This contribution summarizes the main results of the more recent crustal investigations along and around the EGT. The internal crustal structure throughout the area of the Variscides is very complex and changes laterally considerably. Distinct crustal blocks differing in their internal structure can be assigned to geologically defined units of the Variscan and Caledonian orogeny. In spite of local deviations, in general a more or less transparent and low-velocity upper crust contrasts with a highly reflective lower crust. A subdivision of upper and lower crust by a well-defined boundary (Conrad discontinuity) is not always seen. Towards the Alps the average velocity of the lower crust is as low as 6.2 km s?1, in contrast to the area north of the Swabian Jura where the velocities above Moho vary between 6.8 and 7.2 km s?1. In Northern Germany, the Elbe line separates the lower crust into two regions with 6.4 km s?1 average velocity in the south and 6.9 km s?1 in the north. The total crustal thickness under the Variscan part of Germany is fairly constant between 28 and 30 km, except under the Rhine Graben area with 25–26 km and beneath the central part of the Rhenish Massif where an anomalous crustal thickening to 37 km is observed. Under northern Germany the Moho rises to about 26 km depth and the data indicate at least one fault-like step of 1 km before the crust thickens toward the Ringkobing-Fyn basement high. The synthesis of seismic velocity structure and petrological information from xenolith studies allows us to propose a mafic composition for the deeper levels of the crust and uppermost mantle which may be valid at least for the central part of the Variscan crust along the European Geotraverse in Central Europe.  相似文献   

3.
A 2-D gravity model, incorporating geophysical and geological data, is presented for a 110 km long transect across the northern Rhine Graben, coinciding with the 92 km long DEKORP 9-N seismic reflection profile. The Upper Rhine Graben is marked by a prominent NNE-striking negative anomaly of 30–40 mgal on Bouguer gravity maps of SW Germany. Surface geological contacts, borehole data and the seismic reflection profile provide boundary constraints during forward modelling.
Short-wavelength (5–10 km) gravity features can be correlated with geologic structures in the upper few km. At deeper levels, the model reflects the asymmetry visible in the seismic profile; a thicker, mostly transparent lower crust in the west and a thinner, reflective lower crust in the east. From west to east Moho depth changes from 31 to 26–28 km. The entire 40 mgal minimum can be accounted for by the 2–3 km of light sedimentary fdl in the graben, which masks the gravitational effects of the elevated Moho. The thickened lower crust in the west partly compensates for the mass deficit from the depressed Moho. A further compensating feature is a relatively low density contrast at the crust-mantle boundary of 0.25 g cm-3. The Variscan must displays heterogeneity along the profile which cuts at an angle across the strike of Variscan structures. The asymmetry of the integrated crustal model, both at the surface and at depth suggests an asymmetric mechanism of rift development.  相似文献   

4.
松辽盆地庆安地区白垩系泉头组碎屑沉积岩主要由砂岩、泥岩和粉砂岩类组成。通过对白垩系泉头组碎屑沉积岩岩石样品的岩石化学分析表明 :主元素化学分类结果主要为长石砂岩、页岩 ,少量岩屑砂岩和硬砂岩 ;稀土元素分布模式显示其明显富集轻稀土及Eu负异常 ,并与NASC和PAAS稀土分布模式相似 ;碎屑沉积岩与上地壳的微量元素含量比值曲线显示为平坦型 ,这说明沉积岩是在活动性较弱的构造背景下缓慢沉积 ,具有被动大陆边缘和活动大陆边缘沉积物的特点。松辽盆地庆安地区白垩系泉头组碎屑沉积岩物质来源于张广才岭海西期花岗岩 ,后者的物源来自于上地壳。  相似文献   

5.
The Schwarzwald is part of the central polymetamorphic crystalline belt of the Variscan Orogen (»Moldanubian Belt«). From north to south it consists of four terranes: the metasedimentary Zone of Baden-Baden, the polymetamorphic Central Schwarzwald Gneiss Complex, the sedimentary — metamorphic Zone of Badenweiler-Lenzkirch, and the Hotzenwald Complex. The largest of these terranes is the Central Schwarzwald Gneiss Complex (CSGC) whose rocks record a history of protracted regional metamorphism and anatectic melt generation. During Variscan convergence between 350 and 325 Ma the CSGC became detached from a high-temperature lower crustal substratum and was emplaced southeastward over Paleozoic clastics, volcanic rocks and crystalline slivers of the Zone of Badenweiler-Lenzkirch and the Hotzenwald Complex. Kinematic indicators suggest that these early convergent movements on retrograde shear zones and the concomitant crustal thickening were superseded by movements on divergent shear zones. The ascent of voluminous granitic plutons from a mid-crustal zone of melt generation into the upper crust was probably triggered by a change in the crustal kinematics from overall convergence to overall divergence at about 325 Ma. In detail this process was probably diachronous. Detachment of upper crust and large scale melt generation in the middle crust of the Schwarzwald was probably facilitated by the tectonic stacking of water-rich pelitic clastics and gneiss slivers, with relatively even proportions of crystalline and pelitic materials.  相似文献   

6.
分析了塔里木盆地塔北隆起奥陶系、三叠系和侏罗系泥岩的稀土元素丰度。不同时代泥岩都表现出轻稀土富集、重稀土含量均一和具有Eu负异常特征;但它们∑LREE/∑HREE、LaN/YbN、(La/Yb)UCC、Eu/Eu和Ce/Ce等参数则显示这些泥岩形成时的物源和环境有差别。奥陶纪时,研究区处于相对稳定的沉积环境,物源为成熟度高的大陆上地壳;二叠纪到三叠纪构造-火山活动强烈,部分沉积物来自火山岩的风化;侏罗纪塔北隆起区则进入稳定构造沉降阶段。这一差别对认识塔里木盆地及周边造山带形成演化研究有指示意义。  相似文献   

7.
通过1：50 000区域地质调查,发现云南省会泽县一带灯影组中普遍发育硅质岩。本文通过硅质岩岩石学特征和地球化学特征分析,重点探讨了灯影组各段硅质岩的成因机制和沉积环境。结果表明：震旦系-寒武系灯影组下段硅质岩中相对富集Al和Ti,总稀土（ΣREE）相对较高,Ce呈负异常,Eu呈正异常;中段硅质岩中相对富集Ca和Mg,总稀土较低,LREE>HREE,Ce呈负异常,Eu呈正异常;上段硅质岩总稀土较低,LREE>HREE,Ce大部分呈负异常,Eu呈正负异常。综合硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征,并结合震旦纪区域地质构造演化,认为研究区内下段硅质岩表现为正常海水沉积、中段硅质岩表现为典型热水沉积、上段表现出正常海水沉积受热水沉积影响的特征。硅质岩形成于复杂大陆边缘的浅海陆棚环境。  相似文献   

8.
苏尼特左旗达来苏木地区位于中亚造山带东南部,索伦缝合带之北,发育特征性的下泥盆统敖包亭浑迪组变火山-沉积岩系。这套地层主要由安山岩、凝灰质砂岩、砂岩、粉砂岩以及火山碎屑岩等组成,磨圆度较差,具有近源沉积特征。地球化学分析结果显示,砂岩的SiO_2和K_2O含量中等,Na_2O含量较高,Fe_2O_3和MgO含量较低;微量元素蛛网图呈右倾型,含量和变化趋势与上地壳相似;稀土元素配分特征显示轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损,(La/Yb)N平均为6.44,负Eu异常明显(Eu/Eu*平均为0.72)。综上并结合区域分析显示砂岩形成于活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧,源岩主要为英安岩和部分安山岩,进而推测在早泥盆世古亚洲洋仍处于向北俯冲的构造环境,敖包亭浑迪组的物源应主要为北部的乌里雅苏台地区上地壳长英质岩系。  相似文献   

9.
We propose that the europium excess in Precambrian sedimentary rocks, relative to those of younger age is derived from volcanic rocks of ancient island arcs, which were the source materials for the sediments. Precambrian sedimentary rocks and present-day volcanic rocks of island arcs have similar REE patterns, total REE abundances and excess Eu, relative to the North American shale composite. The present upper crustal REE pattern, as exemplified by that of sediments, is depleted in Eu, relative to chondrites. This depletion is considered to be a consequence of development of a grandioritic upper crust by partial melting in the lower crust, which selectively retains europium.  相似文献   

10.
准格尔煤田含煤岩系高岭岩资源丰富,高铝矿物来源备受关注。采用高分辨率电感耦合等离子质谱等技术对石炭-二叠系太原组6号和山西组4号煤夹矸及顶底板中的稀土元素进行分析,并探讨了其物质来源。结果表明,6号煤夹矸及顶底板中稀土元素总量（ΣREY）均值为167.69μg/g,接近上地壳ΣREY值（168.4μg/g）;4号煤夹矸及顶底板中ΣREY均值为210.22μg/g,高于上地壳的ΣREY值。4号煤夹矸及顶底板中轻稀土含量均值与6号煤相当,中稀土和重稀土含量均值为6号煤两倍以上。6号煤夹矸及顶底板分层样中δCe为0.82～0.94,δEu为0.53～0.87;4号煤中δCe为0.88～0.98,δEu为0.74～0.97;均为Ce、Eu负异常。6号煤层夹矸及顶底板稀土元素主要来源于盆地北西侧阴山地区元古界花岗岩和北东侧下古生界沉积岩。4号煤层夹矸及顶底板稀土元素物源主要为盆地北侧阴山地区下古生界和元古界的沉积岩和火成岩系。  相似文献   

11.
赵祖斌  高山 《地学前缘》2000,7(2):431-439
分析了华北克拉通新太古代—三叠纪 16个碎屑沉积岩组合样品。与Taylor和McLennan等提出的太古宙—元古宙界线前后沉积岩及上地壳化学组成变化不同 ,新太古代五台群沉积岩具明显负Eu异常 ,相容元素含量很低 ,不相容元素含量较高 ,与典型后太古宙沉积物组成类似。而古元古代沉积岩比五台群显示出异常高的Eu/Eu 值 ,w(Sc) /w(Th) ,w(Cr) /w (Th)比值。青白口纪、寒武纪、石炭纪和二叠纪沉积岩显示正常的后太古宙沉积岩特征。三叠纪沉积岩的Eu/Eu 值 ,w (Sc) /w (Th) ,w(Cr) /w(Th)比值再次显著升高 ,推测与华北和扬子克拉通最终的陆陆碰撞作用有关。因此 ,太古宙—元古宙界线并不一致对应于上地壳演化程度迅速增高。大陆上地壳并非总是向着分异程度提高的方向演化 ,而是部分时期可出现演化程度降低的异常现象。  相似文献   

12.
REE data, with major element and other trace element data are reported for a suite of Archean sedimentary rocks (2800 million years old) from Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. The REE patterns fall into two groups with ?LREE/?HREE ratios of 6 and 15, respectively. The first group have either no Eu anomaly relative to chondrites, or a positive Eu anomaly, in contrast to the pronounced Eu depletion (Eu/Eu ~ 0.67) shown by younger (Post-Archean) sedimentary rocks.The problem of positive Eu enrichment relative to chondritic patterns, is examined by analysing a suite of Devonian greywackes, derived from calc-alkaline volcanic rocks. Some of these samples also show positive Eu anomalies, attributable to local accumulation of feldspar. This explanation is preferred to models involving an early anorthositic crust. The group of samples showing heavy REE depletion patterns (complementary to those observed in garnet) appear to be derived from adjacent Na-rich granites which display identical REE patterns. Locally abundant K-rich granites do not appear to have made any contribution to the Archean sedimentary rocks.The majority of the sedimentary rocks have REE patterns indistinguishable from those of recent island arc calc-alkaline rocks, and so could constitute evidence that the Archean crust was principally formed by processes analogous to present day island-arc type volcanism. However, similar REE patterns may be produced by an appropriate mixture of the common bimodal tholeiitic-felsic igneous suite commonly observed in Archean terrains. The REE data presented here do not distinguish between these two models.  相似文献   

13.
Shallow and deep sources generate a gravity low in the central Iberian Peninsula. Long-wavelength shallow sources are two continental sedimentary basins, the Duero and the Tajo Basins, separated by a narrow mountainous chain called the Spanish Central System. To investigate the crustal density structure, a multitaper spectral analysis of gravity data was applied. To minimise biases due to misleading shallow and deep anomaly sources of similar wavelength, first an estimation of gravity anomaly due to Cenozoic sedimentary infill was made. Power spectral analysis indicates two crustal discontinuities at mean depths of 31.1 ± 3.6 and 11.6 ± 0.2 km, respectively. Comparisons with seismic data reveal that the shallow density discontinuity is related to the upper crust lower limit and the deeper source corresponds to the Moho discontinuity. A 3D-depth model for the Moho was obtained by inverse modelling of regional gravity anomalies in the Fourier domain. The Moho depth varies between a mean depth of 31 km and 34 km. Maximum depth is located in a NW–SE trough. Gravity modelling points to lateral density variations in the upper crust. The Central System structure is described as a crustal block uplifted by NE–SW reverse faults. The formation of the system involves displacement along an intracrustal detachment in the middle crust. This detachment would split into several high-angle reverse faults verging both NW and SE. The direction of transport is northwards, the detachment probably being rooted at the Moho.  相似文献   

14.

This article presents data on the REE contained in 50 oil samples taken from six oil and gas regions that are based on oil fraction composition analysis using ICP MS. It is shown that regardless of the geological and tectonic structure of regions, oil composition, depth of deposit occurrence, and lithology of enclosing rocks, chondritenormalized curves of REE distribution in oil are different and have a europium maximum. The europium anomaly and the regularly increasing (Eu/Sm) N and Eu/Eu* ratios under transition from asphaltene components to tars and then to oils are geochemically substantiated. Unlike oil, Devonian domanicites and Jurassic bazhenites, as well as their bituminous substance are characterized by a prominent negative europium anomaly (in the (Eu/Sm) N ratio), which is typical of sedimentary rocks, modern seawater, and the upper crust of the earth as a whole. Based on the data obtained, the conclusion on the participation of deep fluid systems in the formation of the geochemical appearance of naphtydes is made.

  相似文献   

15.
通过对祁漫塔格地区华力西期花岗岩类型、空间分布、地质地球化学特征的研究表明，该区花岗岩分布最广的是华力西中、晚期花岗岩。华力西中期花岗岩岩石组合为钾长花岗岩、花岗岩、二长花岗岩，为高钾钙碱性系列，稀土元素含量较低，属轻稀土富集型，铕亏损较小，LILE中的Cs、Rb、Ba、K等含量相对富集，而LILE中的Sr、HFSE中Nb、Ti和P相对亏损，形成于碰撞后或造山晚期；华力西晚期花岗岩岩石组合为钾长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩，为高钾钙碱性系列，稀土元素含量高于华力西中期花岗岩的稀土元素含量，铕亏损较为明显，微量元素以Sr、Ti和P更为亏损为特征，形成于活动大陆边缘到碰撞后花岗岩的过渡环境。  相似文献   

16.
A three-dimensional (3D) density model, approximated by two regional layers—the sedimentary cover and the crystalline crust (offshore, a sea-water layer was added), has been constructed in 1° averaging for the whole European continent. The crustal model is based on simplified velocity model represented by structure maps for main seismic horizons—the “seismic” basement and the Moho boundary. Laterally varying average density is assumed inside the model layers. Residual gravity anomalies, obtained by subtraction of the crustal gravity effect from the observed field, characterize the density heterogeneities in the upper mantle. Mantle anomalies are shown to correlate with the upper mantle velocity inhomogeneities revealed from seismic tomography data and geothermal data. Considering the type of mantle anomaly, specific features of the evolution and type of isostatic compensation, the sedimentary basins in Europe may be related into some groups: deep sedimentary basins located in the East European Platform and its northern and eastern margins (Peri-Caspian, Dnieper–Donets, Barents Sea Basins, Fore–Ural Trough) with no significant mantle anomalies; basins located on the activated thin crust of Variscan Western Europe and Mediterranean area with negative mantle anomalies of −150 to −200×10−5 ms−2 amplitude and the basins associated with suture zones at the western and southern margins of the East European Platform (Polish Trough, South Caspian Basin) characterized by positive mantle anomalies of 50–150×10−5 ms−2 magnitude. An analysis of the main features of the lithosphere structure of the basins in Europe and type of the compensation has been carried out.  相似文献   

17.
为探究内蒙古苏宏图地区黏土岩的地球化学特征、沉积物质来源和构造环境,利用多晶X射线衍射（XRD）和ICP-AES/MS分析法对苏宏图地区SZK-2井20件黏土岩岩芯样品进行分析测试。结果表明：XRD分析显示苏宏图地区黏土岩中黏土矿物组成以伊利石为主,伊利石质量分数平均值为37.64%;与大陆上地壳相比,黏土岩相对富集SiO2、Al2O3、Zr、As,贫P2O5、MgO、MnO、Cr、Ni,两者的K2O、TiO2、Sr、Ba含量接近。黏土岩中稀土元素特征为轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,表现为明显的右倾,出现明显的Eu（平均值=0.60）负异常和Ce（平均值=1.01）轻微负异常,与大陆上地壳稀土元素的配分模式较为相似;K2O/Na2O-SiO2和微量元素构造背景判别图解中,样品多数落在大陆岛弧区,少量落在活动大陆边缘,反映了苏宏图地区沉积时期的物源来自于上地壳长英质物源且形成于大陆岛弧的构造背景中。  相似文献   

18.
折腰山矿区含铁硅质岩赋存于含矿岩系与上部岩系间的沉积间断界面。含铁硅质岩矿物主要由细晶石英和赤铁矿组成,二者含量占90%以上,含少量的绢云母、钠长石、绿泥石等。该含铁硅质岩具有低的TiO2、A12O3和高的成矿元素（Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn）含量特征。Al/（Al＋Fe＋Mn）值具有热水沉积岩特征。在Fe-Mn-Al三角图解、Fe-Mn-（Cu＋Co＋Ni）×10三角图解和Zr-Cr图解中,该区含铁硅质岩均落在热水沉积岩区域中,含铁硅质岩的稀土元素总量很低,其北美页岩标准化配分模式为右倾曲线,具有弱的负Eu异常或正Eu异常和负Ce异常。部分样品MnO/TiO2值偏小,U/Th值偏大,Al2O3含量较高,出现负Eu异常,表明该矿区含铁硅质岩也有正常沉积硅质岩成分的加入。结合含铁硅质岩的地质产状、含矿岩系（石英角斑质凝灰岩）和含矿石英的稀土元素特征,认为含铁硅质岩的物源主要为石英角斑质凝灰岩,属于与火山作用有关的非生物成因类型,是该铜多金属矿田重要的找矿标志。  相似文献   

19.
The major and trace element characteristics of black shales from the Lower Cretaceous Paja Formation of Colombia are broadly comparable with those of the average upper continental crust. Among the exceptions are marked enrichments in V, Cr, and Ni. These enrichments are associated with high organic carbon contents. CaO and Na2O are strongly depleted, leading to high values for both the Chemical Index of Alteration (77–96) and the Plagioclase Index of Alteration (86–99), which indicates derivation from a stable, intensely weathered felsic source terrane. The REE abundances and patterns vary considerably but can be divided into three main groups according to their characteristics and stratigraphic position. Four samples from the lower part of the Paja Formation (Group 1) are characterized by LREE-enriched chondrite-normalized patterns (average LaN/YbN = 8.41) and significant negative Eu anomalies (average Eu/Eu1 = 0.63). A second group of five samples (Group 2), also from the lower part, have relatively flat REE patterns (average LaN/YbN = 1.84) and only slightly smaller Eu anomalies (average Eu/Eu1 = 0.69). Six samples from the middle and upper parts (Group 3) have highly fractionated patterns (average LaN/YbN = 15.35), resembling those of Group 1, and an identical average Eu/Eu1 of 0.63. The fractionated REE patterns and significant negative Eu anomalies in Groups 1 and 3 are consistent with derivation from an evolved felsic source. The flatter patterns of Group 2 shale and strongly concave MREE-depleted patterns in two additional shales likely were produced during diagenesis, rather than reflecting more mafic detrital inputs. An analysis of a single sandstone suggests diagenetic modification of the REE, because its REE pattern is identical to that of the upper continental crust except for the presence of a significant positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu1 = 1.15). Felsic provenance for all samples is suggested by the clustering on the Th/Sc–Zr/Sc and GdN/YbN–Eu/Eu1 diagrams. Averages of unmodified Groups 1 and 3 REE patterns compare well with cratonic sediments from the Roraima Formation in the Guyana Shield, suggesting derivation from a continental source of similar composition. In comparison with modern sediments, the geochemical parameters (K2O/Na2O, LaN/YbN, LaN/SmN, Eu/Eu1, La/Sc, La/Y, Ce/Sc) suggest the Paja Formation was deposited at a passive margin. The Paja shales thus represent highly mature sediments recycled from deeply weathered, older, sedimentary/metasedimentary rocks, possibly in the Guyana Shield, though Na-rich volcanic/granitic rocks may have contributed to some extent.  相似文献   

20.
康明  岑况  罗先熔  陈祥 《现代地质》2004,18(2):210-216
内蒙古东部闹牛山—巨里河铜多金属矿带的岩浆活动主要属华力西晚期和燕山早期的两大构造旋回 ,矿带上已发现的铜多金属矿床的成矿时代绝大部分为燕山早期 ,成矿与燕山早期中酸性浅成—超浅成的岩浆侵入活动关系密切。区内火山—次火山岩的稀土总量低 ,w(∑Ce) /w(∑Y)比值高 (2 7～ 14 1) ,具微弱铕亏损 ,表明岩浆岩为上地幔—下地壳的混合来源 ,成矿岩体具有基性程度高、来源深的特点 ,属钙碱性岩石系列 ,富Si、K而贫Fe、Mg。岩浆岩中Bi、W、Sn、Ag、Pb、Cu等成矿元素及伴生元素的丰度较高 ,为本区的成矿提供了物质来源。  相似文献   

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