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1.
P. A. Nishad A. Bhaskarapillai S. Velmurugan 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(4):777-784
Removal of antimony, classified as a pollutant of priority importance, is a challenge due to its presence in various forms in solution and the low concentration in which it is to be removed. In this study, sorption profile and the sorption mechanisms associated with the removal of antimony in its two oxidation states (+3 and +5) have been investigated in detail through batch studies involving titania sorbents, strong base anion resin, a chelating resin, and a biosorbent. Significant sorption-associated change in solution pH was observed with all the sorbents, which revealed the nature of respective sorption equilibrium involved. The results have shown that Sb(V) is removed only as anionic species, while Sb(III) is removed either as an anionic species or as cationic species according to the functional groups present in the sorbent and the solution conditions. Titania-based sorbents were found to be effective sorbents for Sb(III) and Sb(V) within a narrow pH range, while anion resin was found to be superior for removing Sb(V) as Sb(OH) 6 ? under a wide range of solution conditions. The suitability of the sorbents for column mode of operation has also been investigated. This report is a first attempt at a rational comparison of promising sorbents for antimony, and the results demonstrate the complexity involved in antimony sorption and give an understanding of the available options for handling the antimony removal problem in large-scale applications. 相似文献
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V. Yu. Fridovsky G. N. Gamyanin L. I. Polufuntikova 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2014,8(4):276-287
The interrelations of gold-quartz and antimony mineralization in long-living tectonic zones of the Maltan deposit (Northeast Russia) have been examined. It has been demonstrated that the orogenic gold-quartz mineralization is confined to interlayered lengthwise thrusts, splay fault zones, and quartz veins and threads. The antimony mineralization, as the gold one, developed within the same structures during secondary reactivation in strike-slip tectonic stress fields. Index microstructure markers that were formed in antimony ores and the host rocks typical for multistage deformation processes have been described. The mineral associations and typomorphic features of the minerals of the gold and antimony ore-forming stages have been studied. The Maltan deposit was found to be similar to the typical large Au-Sb Sarylakh deposit of the Adycha-Taryn zone. The voluminous and extensive effect of the mineral-forming fluid of the antimony oregenerating stage on the early mineral matrix of low-sulphide gold-quartz paragenesis has been demonstrated. 相似文献
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The standard thermodynamic properties and Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers (HKF) parameters for Sb(OH)3(aq) have been estimated. For this purpose, the available solubility data for senarmontite, valentinite, stibnite, and native Sb in a wide range of temperatures (15 to 450°C) and pressures (1 to 1000 bar), and thermodynamic properties of Sb oxides (senarmontite and valentinite) have been critically analyzed. Published data were complimented by results from new experiments performed by solubility and solid-state galvanic cell methods. Both experimental data and thermodynamic calculations show that the hydroxide complex Sb(OH)3(aq) is primarily responsible for hydrothermal transport of antimony, especially at temperatures above 250°C. 相似文献
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《Earth》2002,57(1-2):125-176
Antimony is ubiquitously present in the environment as a result of natural processes and human activities. It exists mainly as Sb(III) and Sb(V) in environmental, biological and geochemical samples. Antimony and its compounds are considered to be priority pollutants interest by the USEPA and the EU. In this first review paper on antimony occurrence in natural waters, 420 papers on freshwaters, marine waters, estuaries, soils, and sediments have been reviewed. All data are quoted from the original sources. Typical concentrations of total dissolved antimony are usually less than 1.0 μg/l in non-polluted waters. When redox speciation determinations are performed, most studies report the dominance of Sb(V) under oxic conditions. However, the presence of significant proportions of Sb(III) is sometimes detected. This is in contrast with thermodynamic equilibrium predictions and discrepancies are often attributed to biological activity or kinetic effects but proofs are lacking. Similarly, the existence of Sb(V), although not thermodynamically predicted, is often reported under anoxic conditions. Low concentrations of methylated antimony species are mentioned in a few studies. Antimony is not considered to be a highly reactive element in oceans, with concentrations of the order of 200 ng/l. In estuarine waters, both conservative and non-conservative behaviours are reported depending on the estuaries' characteristics. Elevated concentrations of antimony in soils and sediments are either related to anthropogenic sources or associated with high arsenic concentrations in sulfidic ores. Antimony appears to be highly unreactive in soils. Low accumulation factors are reported in algae. Airborne supply of antimony to aquatic and terrestrial systems seems to be important in systems far from direct pollution sources. However, the limited available data do not allow firm conclusions to be drawn on the reactivity and cycling of the element in natural systems and a list of research priorities is given. 相似文献
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The geochemistry of antimony and its use as an indicator element in geochemical prospecting 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The geochemistry of antimony is reviewed, and the use of the element as an indicator in geochemical prospecting for various types of mineral deposits is outlined.Antimony is widely diffused in many types of mineral deposits, particularly those containing sulphides and sulphosalts. In these and other deposits, antimony commonly accompanies Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Ba, U, Sn, Pb, P, As, Bi, S, Se, Te, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Fe, Ni, Co, and Pt metals. Under most conditions antimony is a suitable indicator of deposits of these elements, being particularly useful in geochemical surveys utilizing primary halos in rocks, and secondary halos and trains in soils and glacial materials, stream and lake sediments, natural waters, and to a limited degree vegetation. Some of the natural antimony compounds (e.g. stibine, dimethylstibine) are volatile, but methods utilizing gaseous antimony halos for geochemical prospecting have not yet been developed. 相似文献
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锑属亲铜元素,易与硫结合。锑在地核(0. 14×10~(-6))、地幔(0. 006×10~(-6))和地壳(0. 02×10~(-6))中的丰度均很低,而在黑色页岩(5. 0×10~(-6))中明显富集。锑是一种典型的低温成矿元素。我国华南地区低温成矿域拥有世界60%的锑探明储量。研究结果显示锑的成矿主要经历两阶段富集过程:一是与风化和沉积作用有关的表生过程;二是地球内部热驱动过程。寒武纪时华南位于赤道附近,受冈瓦纳大陆的造山带的影响,是全球地表风化最强烈的地区之一。在新元古代氧化事件的驱动下,锑在表生风化过程中被氧化为更易迁移的水溶性的SbO_3~-。因埃迪卡拉生物群所产生的有机质,有利于萃取水体中的锑并沉淀在还原性沉积物(黑色页岩)中。华南中生代岩浆活动烘烤表层富锑的寒武纪黑色页岩,产生的成矿流体向上迁移,淋滤黑色页岩中的Sb或与黑色页岩变质脱水或熔融产生成矿流体混合;而后搬运至远离岩体的有利位置沉淀,最终形成大规模的华南锑矿带。 相似文献
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贵州独山锑矿集区是中国泥盆系锑矿重要成矿区,成矿地质条件优越,先后在区内发现探明了1个大型、2个中型、5个小型及13个锑矿(化)点。在系统分析锑矿成矿地质特征、地球化学、地球物理、遥感影像特征基础上,总结了独山锑矿集区地层及岩性、构造、蚀变、地球化学、遥感、地球物理找矿标志。在半坡锑矿床深部找矿中,运用"CSAMT解译封闭高阻体+成矿断层"地球物理标志,结合钻探工程发现了新的隐伏锑矿体,实现了深部隐伏矿找矿突破。通过综合研究地物化遥异常信息,依据勘查标志,圈定和优选出丰坡外围、弄江—贵修—甲拜—贝达地区、维寨地区三个找矿靶区。在今后综合勘查中,通过探测技术的优化集成和老(矿)点新评,有望实现新的找矿突破。 相似文献
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使用氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法测定锑精矿中的微量砷在国内外报道较少。文章在锑干扰状况试验、高锰酸钾溶液消除干扰的最佳条件选择试验、锑精矿中共存元素的干扰和消除试验的基础上,对样品进行了实测,并就其灵敏度、准确度和精密度进行了讨论。研究表明,该方法是测定锑精矿中微量砷的有效方法。 相似文献
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甘肃银硐梁锑矿床地质特征及控矿因素分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近些年来,在西秦岭锑成矿带中发现了中型规模的甘肃银硐梁锑矿床。通过论述该锑矿床的地质特征,分析并讨论该矿床的控矿因素及找矿标志。结果表明: 该锑矿床主要赋存于三叠纪官亭群中部建造层第二岩性段、钙质硅化石英砂岩夹泥质粉砂岩的断层破碎带和层间破碎带中; 锑矿化明显受地层和断裂破碎带控制,为成矿提供成矿物质、热液条件和赋存空间,较早形成的NW向断裂是导矿构造,较晚形成的NE向次级断裂是赋矿构造; 成矿物质主要来源于地层,成矿热动力主要来源于构造运动,成矿作用以热液充填为主; 银硐梁锑矿床属于低温热液裂隙充填型层控矿床。 相似文献
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锑的环境生物地球化学循环与效应研究展望 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
研究表明锑与铅和汞一样,是一个可长距离输送的全球性有毒元素;但锑的研究最近才引起国际社会的关注。与其它金属如汞、铅、镉和砷等相比,国际上锑的研究开展得相对较少。为了揭示锑的全球性污染程度、循环过程及其对生态环境的影响,急需开展深入研究。概述了前人在锑的环境生物地球化学循环和效应方面的研究成果,分析了存在的科学问题,凝练了进一步研究的方向、思路和方法,并指出我国西南地区是开展这一方向研究的理想区域,及在该地区开展深入研究的重要性。 相似文献
12.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(4):125829
The Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region is well known for its abundant mineral resources, and low-temperature hydrothermal mineralization represented by the elemental association of gold, arsenic, antimony and mercury is widely developed there. Many studies on the geological-geochemical characteristics of gold have been conducted, but a comprehensive understanding of the antimony geochemical pattern is still lacking. This paper studied the Sb distribution characteristics and the cause of geochemical anomalies based on the geochemical data of stream sediments and rocks in the study area. In addition, the geochemical data of Au, As, Sb and Hg were centered and log-ratio transformed to eliminate the closure effect, and then random forest regression (RFR) with Au, As and Hg as the characteristic variables was used to investigate the ore-related geochemical anomalies of Sb. Seven geochemical provinces were delineated from the original geochemical data, and they are not entirely consistent with the known deposits. Sb moves from the rocks to the stream sediments during weathering. The variation trend in the Sb background values in stream sediments in each tectonic unit is consistent with that in the rocks themselves, implying that Sb in the stream sediments is inherited from the background rocks. The distributions of Sb predicted by RFR are similar to the distribution pattern of Sb in stream sediments. Of the three elements considered, the influence of As on the variations in the Sb geochemical background is the greatest, followed by Au and then Hg. The geochemical anomalies extracted by the residuals produced in this algorithm are consistent with where the known Sb metallogenic district is located, indicating that this method of recognizing geochemical anomalies is feasible and effective and has theoretical and practical significance. 相似文献
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滇东南是我国重要的锑矿分布区，近年来先后发现了广南县木利锑矿、开远大庄都比和余米都锑矿床。开远上米者锑矿（点）是近期矿产地质调查中发现的锑矿（点），锑矿体赋存于个旧组下段碳酸盐岩与飞仙关组碎屑岩组成的断裂破碎带中，主要矿体靠近飞仙关组一侧，赋存于泥质粉砂岩与碳酸盐岩的界面上，属低温热液型矿床；通过开展矿区地质、物化探找矿工作，在综合研判成矿地质条件基础上圈定了上米者锑矿预测区；该预测区内锑元素异常强度大、浓度分带明显，且与成矿地层、构造条件叠合程度高，值得开展进一步找矿工作。 相似文献
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通过对黔东南雷公山褶断带火烧寨金锑矿床区域成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征的研究分析,提出了该矿床属幔源—混合型地下热卤水的成因观点,探讨了该地区石英脉(构造蚀变岩)型金矿的找矿潜力。 相似文献
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大数据正在开创地学研究新途径,将传统的定性地质研究方法推向定量研究的高度。锑矿是中国的传统优势矿产,但目前已有赖于进口,成为典型的关键金属(Critical Metal)。文章基于锑矿地质大数据,系统展示中国锑矿在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级成矿区带的空间分布特征,总结中国锑矿的空间分布规律,定量分析中国省、市、县级及Ⅲ级成矿区带的锑矿成矿密度、成矿强度。研究表明,中国锑矿在各成矿域中均有分布,华南成矿省集中了全世界59%以上的资源储量,是中国锑矿最重要的成矿区域。中国锑矿以湖南省数量最多、成矿强度最大;按地级市统计,以广西河池市锑矿床数量最多,以湖南娄底市锑矿成矿强度最大;按县级统计,以河池市南丹县锑矿床数量最多,娄底市泠水江市锑矿成矿强度最大,达3330 t/km2;按成矿区带统计,江南隆起西段成矿带(Ⅲ-78)锑矿产地数量最多、成矿密度最大,湘中—桂中北成矿带(Ⅲ-86)成矿强度最强。随着勘查工作的进展,新增资源量不断向湖南板溪、龙山等危机矿山深部及西藏等西部地区转移,今后锑矿地质找矿和矿业开发的重点也将向重要矿区深部及中国西部地区转移。 相似文献
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按Tessier连续浸提法对德安锑矿区土壤样品进行了分析,得出锑的存在状态主要以残渣态为主,其次是Fe/Mn结合态,有机/硫化物结合态和碳酸盐结合态,可交换态和水溶态占的比率最小。矿区土壤中锑生物可利用态锑占0.52%~3.51%,其浓度一般在1.78~17.48μg/g,中等可利用态占1.04%~5.56%,生物难利用态锑的浓度占92.1%~98.4%。 相似文献
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锑矿床研究若干问题初探 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
锑矿床研究的重点包括：锑矿床分类;不同构造环境下锑矿庆的成因模式;锑的来源。今后锑矿床分类将以锑矿庆形成的构造背景为主,结合锑矿床成因方式和容矿主岩特点来进行。文章介绍了几种典型构造环境下（大型走滑、造山挤太和造山崩坍）锑矿床形成机理和成因模式。现有的资料表明锑矿床受壳幔相互作用所制约（如拆沉作用,ｄｅｌａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ）,这无疑会成为锑矿研究的热点和难点。 相似文献
19.
板溪锑矿床位于桃江板溪锑矿成矿带内,开采历史悠久,但对区域地质和矿床地质缺乏深入研究。为了在区域上进一步寻找该类型锑矿,在充分收集前人资料和野外调研的基础上,总结区域地质、矿床地质特征,深入研究控矿因素和成矿时代。结果表明: 锑矿多分布于区域性大断裂旁侧次级断裂与背斜交汇处,深断裂控制金锑成矿带的展布,矿体主要产于NW向、NE向、近EW向、NNW向和NNE向次级断裂中; 区域锑矿的形成开始于加里东期,在燕山期达到高峰。矿区背斜或背斜倾伏端控制了矿床的定位,而背斜中的次级褶皱、断裂、层间破碎带及倾伏端等控制了矿体。矿体主要赋存于前寒武纪冷家溪群、板溪群浅变质岩系中,其次赋存于南华纪—志留纪、泥盆纪—石炭纪的碎屑岩及碳酸盐岩中; 围岩蚀变主要有毒砂化、黄铁矿化、硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化等; 矿石自然类型有石英-辉锑矿矿石、黄铁矿-石英-辉锑矿矿石、毒砂-黄铁矿-石英-辉锑矿矿石、碳酸盐-石英-辉锑矿矿石; 矿床成矿时代属燕山期。研究成果为进一步开展板溪锑矿床找矿提供借鉴和指导作用。 相似文献
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锡矿山锑矿田地质特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The Xikuangshan antimony ore field is situated at the northern margin of Baimashan-Longshan clustered uplift zone, the southeastern limb of Neocathaysian Xuefengshan uplift zone, and the northern extremity of the ancient central Hunan sea basin formed during Devonian to Triassic. The strata exposed in this area are a suite of sedimentary carbonate rocks intercalated with clastic rocks belonging to Qiziqiao formation of Middle Devonian, Shetianqiao formation and Xikuangshan formation of Upper Devonian, and Yanguan stage of Lower Carboniferous. Structure: Fhe main fold is the Xikuangshan anticline. lts western limb has been cut and hence destroyed by a big fault F75 and its eastern limb has been modified by a N-S torsion stress of late stage into several groups of secondary folds echeloning upright. The leading faults consist predominantly of a NNE trending longitudinal tension fault (F75) and a great faulted zone in the west composed of a series of NE-trending faults (F3, F71 and F72) located in the foot wall of F75 and intersecting F75 at acute angles to form a pattern like the letter. Of less importance, there exist a pair of conjugate faults running NNW and NEE, and stretch-tension faults trending nearly EW. Igneous rocks: Within 25 km2 of the ore field, no igneous rocks have so far been found apart from a kersantite dyke infilling a NNE fissure, the age of which is dated isotopically at 119 million years, hence belonging to Late Yenshanian Orogeny. Ore deposit: The antimony ore bodies occur in some secondary brachy anticlines in the foot wall of the west great faulted zone, its country rock being silicified limestone of middle to lower Shetianqiao Formation. Controlled both by lithological and structural features, the ore bodies vary from place to place position, shape and size. From west to east the ore bodies become smaller in size, poorer in grade and fewer in number of ore-bearing layers. ln addition, irregular ore veins can be readily found at intersections of faults or along fracture zones. The study of ore-forming temperatures and material sources, together with an analysis of geologic setting, mineralization, ore texture and structure and other factors, led the authors to believe that antimony deposits in this ore field are genetically mesothermal-epithermal ones distributed in certain definite stratigraphic units. 相似文献