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1.
Excellent hydrocarbon source rocks (oil shales), containing Type I organic matter (OM), were deposited in the continental Songliao rift basin during the Late Cretaceous. A major contribution of aquatic organisms (dinoflagellates, green algae, botryococcus) and minor input from macrophytes and land plants to OM accumulation is indicated by n-alkane distribution, steroid composition and δ13C values of individual biomarkers. Microbial communities included heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria and chemoautotrophic bacteria, as well as purple and green sulfur bacteria. The presence of methanotrophic bacteria is indicated by 13C-depleted methyl hopane. The sediments were deposited in a eutrophic, alkaline palaeolake. Highly reducing (saline) bottom water conditions and a stratified water column existed during OM accumulation of the Qingshankou Formation and Member 1 of the Nenjiang Formation. This is indicated by low pristane/phytane, gammacerane index and MTTC ratios, and the presence of β-carotane and aryl isoprenoids. However, an abrupt change in environmental conditions during deposition of Member 2 of the Nenjiang Formation is indicated by significant changes in salinity and redox-sensitive biomarker ratios. A freshwater environment and suboxic conditions in the deep water prevailed during this period. Higher input of terrigenous OM occurred during deposition of the upper Nenjiang Formation.Good oil-to-source rock correlation was obtained using biomarker fingerprints of oil-stained sandstone from the Quantou Formation and oil shales from the Qingshankou Formation. Based on the extent of isomerisation of C31 hopanes, the oil was most probably derived from oil shales of the Qingshankou Formation in deeper parts of the basin.  相似文献   

2.
The non-marine Qaidam Basin is a petroliferous basin in northwest China. The Tuanyushan area is located in the Saishiteng Depression in the northern Qaidam Basin. Coal and oil shales are widely developed in the Middle Jurassic Dameigou and Shimengou formations in this area where the sedimentary sequence and controls on coal accumulation have already been well documented. However, the geochemical characteristics of lacustrine fine-grained sediments, including lacustrine oil shales, in the shale member of the Shimengou Formation and the main controlling factors of the formation of the oil shales are ambiguous. This paper aims to reconstruct the lake evolution history during the Middle Jurassic period and reveal its influence on the formation of the oil shales in this area. Oil shales and fine-grained sediments were systematically sampled to determine their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics (major, trace and rare earth elements; stable carbon and oxygen isotopes). Based on lithological variations and total organic carbon (TOC) contents, a complete third-order sequence is identified and can be further divided into four system tracts (lowstand system tract, LST; transgressive system tract, TST; highstand system tract, HST and regressive system tract, RST) that correspond to four lake evolution stages (A–D). Changes in the lake level show an initial shallow lake, followed by a continuous upward deepening trend, followed by a shallowing trend. Shallow lake facies developed in the LST, TST and RST, whereas semi-deep to deep lake facies developed in the HST. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes indicate that the Shimengou Lake was semi-closed to closed in the Middle Jurassic. Therefore, the water properties responded strongly to climate changes. According to elemental and mineralogical analyses, a moist climate prevailed, except during the early stages of the TST (stage B1) and HST (stage C1) when there was a semiarid climate. The semiarid climate influenced the water properties and detrital input and was the major controlling factor for the formation of the higher quality oil shales within a saline water environment. In comparison, under the moist climatic condition in the HST, the stable semi-deep to deep-water environment was the major controlling factor for the formation of lower quality oil shales within a fresh water environment.  相似文献   

3.
松辽盆地嫩江组一段和二段发育的油页岩是极其优质烃源岩, 生物标志化合物参数指示油页岩母质生源主要来自于水生生物其繁盛受温湿气候和湖泊富营养化控制.岩石学、元素地球化学、生物标志化合物等参数表明, 高盐和缺氧条件下的稳定水体分层是嫩一段油页岩沉积时期有机质保存的主控因素, 而嫩二段油页岩沉积时期水体盐度分层明显减弱, 此时藻类个体增大和孤立藻数量增多条件下的高生物生产力有利于有机质富集.为揭示嫩江组不同沉积环境下油页岩发育的控制因素, 建立了嫩一段油页岩沉积时期保存条件控制和嫩二段油页岩沉积时期生物生产力控制的两种有机质富集模式, 这对含氧淡水大型陆相湖泊的有机质富集成因探讨具有重要借鉴意义.   相似文献   

4.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1450-1465
The Bilong Co oil shale, located in the South Qiangtang depression, northern Tibet Plateau, may record the Early Jurassic anoxic event in the eastern Tethys. New geochemical data from the Bilong Co oil shale section are presented in order to determine the mechanism of organic accumulation and to evaluate Early Jurassic anoxia in the eastern Tethys. In organic-rich oil shales, many redox proxies including the relationship of Mo to total organic carbon (TOC), Re/Mo ratios, and pyrite framboid size distribution suggest deposition under euxinic conditions. However, the correlation between TOC and P and Mo contents indicates that organic matter accumulation was controlled mainly by primary productivity. The Sr/Al ratios and clastic influx proxies such as Si, Ti, Th, Zr, and Al concentrations suggest a continuous supply of fresh water from a nearby continent during oil shale deposition. This supply could have initiated stratification of the water so that the upper zone became favourable for marine life. Increased primary productivity could have led to formation of anoxic/sulphidic bottom waters, which enhanced the preservation of organic matter. Deposition of organic-rich oil shales terminated when primary productivity decreased, leading to more oxic bottom water conditions.  相似文献   

5.
结合在陆相盆地中的实例研究,将一个发育完整的陆相三级层序细分为4个体系域：低水位体系域（LST）、水进体系域（TST）、高水位体系域（HST）和水退体系域（RST）,称为I型层序。或者一个层序可以不发育低水位体系域,而由水进体系域、高水位体系域和水退体系域组成,称为II型层序。低水位体系域发生在湖平面（基准面）快速下降时期;水进体系域出现在首次湖泛面到最大湖泛面之间;高水位体系域形成在高水位时期的湖平面相对静止期;水退体系域形成在湖平面缓慢下降期,在沉积物供给速率大于可容空间增加速率时形成。一般低水位体系域发育小型进积式准层序组,纵向沉积环境变浅,在盆地边缘形成河流下切作用;水进体系域发育退积式准层序组,沉积环境自下而上明显变深;高水位体系域发育加积型准层序组,纵向沉积环境变化不大,且多为静水沉积;水退体系域发育大型进积式准层序组,沉积环境自下而上明显变浅,沉积体系向盆地中心推进。结合对松辽盆地的实例研究,分别阐述了断陷盆地和坳陷盆地中各不同体系域的油气藏分布规律：低水位体系域主要在断陷盆地的陡坡侧和坳陷盆地的深水区发育透镜状岩性油气藏;水进体系域主要在断陷盆地的陡坡带发育上倾尖灭型岩性油气藏,在缓坡带和坳陷盆地的斜坡带发育地层超覆油气藏;高水位体系域主要以深水区的透镜状岩性油气藏为主;水退体系域在断陷盆地中主要发育地层不整合遮挡油气藏,在坳陷盆地中主要发育断块油气藏以及断层遮挡油气藏。从而,以理论与实践相结合的方式,阐明了陆相层序四分体系域的实用性。  相似文献   

6.
This paper presents new geological and geochemical data from the Shuanghu area in northern Tibet, which recorded the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. The stratigraphic succession in the Shuanghu area consists mostly of grey to dark-colored alternating oil shales, marls and mudstones. Ammonite beds are found at the top of the Shuanghu oil shale section, which are principally of early Toarcian age, roughly within the Harplocearasfalciferrum Zone. Therefore,the oil shale strata at Shuanghu can be correlated with early Toarcian black shales distributing extensively in the European epicontinental seas that contain the records of an Oceanic Anoxic Event. Sedimentary organic matter of laminated shale anomalously rich in organic carbon across the Shuanghu area is characterized by high organic carbon contents, ranging from 1.8% to 26.1%. The carbon isotope curve displays the δ^13C values of the kerogen (δ^13Ckerogen) fluctuating from -26.22 to -23.53‰ PDB with a positive excursion close to 2.17‰, which, albeit significantly smaller, may also have been associated with other Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) in Europe. The organic atomic C/N ratios range between 6 and 43, and the curve of C/N ratios is consistent with that of the δ^13Ckerogen values. The biological assemblage,characterized by scarcity of benthic organisms and bloom of calcareous nannofossils (coccoliths), reveals high biological productivity in the surface water and an unfavorable environment for the benthic fauna in the bottom water during the Oceanic Anoxic Event. On the basis of organic geochemistry and characteristics of the biological assemblage, this study suggests that the carbon-isotope excursion is caused by the changes of sea level and productivity, and that the black shale deposition, especially oil shales, is related to the bloom and high productivity of coccoliths.  相似文献   

7.
INTRODUCTIONThe Zhu m subbasin, about 11 000 kmZ in area, the western part of the Pearl River Mouth (PRM) basin, South ChinaSea (SCS), consists of nine sub-tectonic units: half-grabenWenchang A (HGWC-A), half-graben Wenchang B (HGWCB), half-graben Wenchang C (HGWC-C), half-graben Qionghai (HGQH), horst Qionghai (HQH), half-graben YangjiangA (HGYJ-A), half-graben Yangjiang B (HGYJ-B), low horstYangjiang (LHYJ) and horst Yangjiang (HYJ) (Fig. 1). According to the p…  相似文献   

8.
李友川  李宏义  兰蕾 《沉积学报》2022,40(3):616-625
北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷和乌石凹陷流二段普遍发育油页岩。有机地球化学分析表明,北部湾盆地流二段油页岩具有高的有机质丰度,油页岩的有机碳含量下限为3%,含油率介于3.5%~10%,达到中等和优质油页岩矿品级,同时属于优质烃源岩。全岩有机显微组分、干酪根镜检和热解等分析表明,北部湾盆地流二段油页岩藻类含量丰富,藻类是有机质的主要来源,有机质类型主要为腐殖—腐泥型,部分为腐泥型,以湖相腐殖—腐泥型油页岩为主,部分为湖相腐泥型油页岩。流二段油页岩中镍和钼等微量元素含量普遍较高,镍和钼的含量与有机碳含量之间存在很好的正相关关系,说明流二段油页岩形成时期北部湾盆地具有富营养湖泊特征。北部湾盆地流二段油页岩中还原硫含量高,普遍大于1%,流二段油页岩形成于还原的沉积环境,具有很好的有机质保存条件。高有机质生产力及湖侵体系域顶部和高位体系域底部的中深湖还原环境共同控制了北部湾盆地流二段油页岩的发育。  相似文献   

9.
油页岩作为常规油气的重要替代或补充能源,在全球资源战略中的地位日益彰显。为了更好地揭示我国陆相油页岩的特征与分布规律,在总结多年油页岩勘查成果的基础上,分析了东北地区松辽和桦甸典型含油页岩盆地矿床特征及成矿特点,揭示了陆相坳陷与断陷盆地油页岩成矿规律。油页岩主要发育于三级层序的高水位体系域和水进体系域;古气候和沉积环境对大型坳陷盆地油页岩的形成有重要的控制作用,温暖湿润的气候条件使湖泊自身生产力大大提高,为油页岩形成提供丰富的物质基础;油页岩的平面分布受控于沉积环境的变化,主要分布于深湖—半深湖相,盐度较高使水体处于盐度分层,有利于有机质保存。构造条件对小型断陷盆地油页岩成矿起着至关重要的控制作用,通过控制可容纳空间而影响了油页岩的厚度分布及品质特征,油页岩主要富集相带为靠近控盆同生断裂一侧的半深湖—深湖环境,且靠近控盆同生断裂一侧油页岩厚度明显加厚和含油率增大;同时,干湿交替的气候控制了油页岩的层数和保存条件。对比分析表明:坳陷含油页岩盆地规模多为大型,油页岩矿单独存在、分布面积大,以中薄层中低含油率为典型特点;断陷含油页岩盆地规模多为小型,油页岩矿单独存在或与煤相伴生,以薄层高含油率或巨厚层中等含油率为典型特点。在三级层序的水进和高水位体系域中,有机质丰度和湖泊生产力较高,层状藻和结构藻较为繁盛,外源输入较低、水体盐度较大、还原性较强,且呈碱性环境,是油页岩形成的有利时期。因此,古构造、古气候和沉积环境综合控制下的丰富有机质来源和良好的湖水盐度分层是油页岩有机质富集的有利因素。  相似文献   

10.
A tectonics sedimentation evolution has been researched in Southeast Chongqing, and the reasonable Longmaxi shale highstand system tract (HST) and transgressive system tract (TST) geological model were built respectively based on the rock mechanical test and acoustic emission experiment which the samples are from field outcrop and the Yuye-1 well. The Longmaxi shale two-dimension tectonic stress field during the Cenozoic was simulated by the finite element method, and the distribution of fractures was predicted. The research results show that the tectonic stress field and the distribution of fractures were controlled by lithology and structure. As a result of Cretaceous movement, there are trough-like folds (wide spaced synclines), battlement-like folds (similar spaces between synclines and anticlines) and ejective folds (wide spaced anticlines), which are regularly distributed from southeast to northwest in the study area. Since the strain rate and other physical factors such as the viscosity are not taken into account, and the stress intensity is the main factor that determines the tectonic strength. Therefore, the stronger tectonic strength leads the higher stress intensity in the eastern and southeastern study area than in the northwest. The fracture zones are mainly concentrated in the fold axis, transition locations of faults and folds, the regions where are adjacent to faults. The fragile mineral contents (such as siliceous rock, carbonate rock and feldspar) in the shelf facies shale from south of the study area are higher than in the bathyal facies and abyssal facies shale from center of the study area. The shales characterized by low Poisson’s ratio and high elastic modulus from south of the study area are easily broken during Cenozoic orogenic movement.  相似文献   

11.
松辽盆地早期断陷湖盆样式研究表明，松辽盆地存在二型四式的构造样式：即有补偿断层和无补偿断层的单断型断陷盆地，有补偿断层和无补偿断层的复合型断陷盆地。一个完整的断陷湖盆层序形成一套区域生储盖组合，其中，发育在TST和HST之间的最大密集段为主力生油层，也是良好的盖层，而LST，TST底部，HST顶部及RST通常发育有利储层。它们的规律性配置可构成上生下储，下生上储，侧生侧储和自生自储四种有利的生储盖层组合类型。每个体系域中都有岩性油气藏，构造油气藏是HST的主要类型，RST中可以找到不整合油气藏。  相似文献   

12.
根据山东惠民盆地中央隆起带古近系沙河街组第三段层序地层学研究，根据层序中湖平面变化特点和相应的沉积物特征，提出了陆相湖盆中层序内体系域的四分法，一个完整的层序由低位、湖侵、高位和下降四个体系域组成，并且层序界面位于湖平面最大下降的位置，介于下降域和低位域之间。层序地层中存在四个关键性界面：首泛面、最大湖泛面、始降面和最大下降面，其中首泛面对应于湖水由相对稳定到快速上升时的初始湖泛面，为低位域与湖侵域间的分界面；最大湖泛面对应于湖水快速上涨至最大限度时的湖泛面，为湖侵域与高位域间的分界面，在界面附近多形成特征的CS段；始降面对应于湖平面开始快速下降时的沉积界面，为高位域与下降域的分界面；最大下降面也是层序界面，为湖盆水体快速下降或湖盆岸线快速退到最低点时的沉积界面。结合研究区的岩芯、录井、测井、地震等资料综合分析，本文总结了四个关键面的识别标志。中央隆起带沙三段沉积共划分出六个体系域，分属三个层序。本文以层序II沉积为例，阐述了不同体系域的沉积体系特征，低位期湖盆水域面积小，河流-三角洲沉积体系发育，河流流经距离长，边缘地区形成似下切谷沉积；湖侵期发育小规模的退积式三角洲沉积，砂体较不发育；高位期湖盆水域面积大，砂体以深水浊积砂体为特征；下降期多发育进积式砂体，砂体发育。因此，位于层序界面之下的下降域和之上的低位域是湖盆砂体有利发育期，湖侵域和高位域是生油岩主要形成时期。  相似文献   

13.
羌塘盆地胜利河油页岩有机地球化学特征及意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过对藏北羌塘盆地胜利河地区2008年新发现的油页岩剖面进行系统采样和GC—MS分析,结果显示该地区油页岩具有较高C29ααα20S/ααα(20S+20R)（0.38~0.44）、C29αββ/(ααα+αββ)（0.37~0.47）和C3122S/(22S+22R)（0.52~0.59）比值,表明其有机质已进入生油阶段。分析的油页岩样品具有较高的C27甾烷含量（32.82%~43.6%）和较高4 甲基甾烷/规则甾烷（0.04~0.22）、甾/藿（0.80~1.04）比值,显示浮游植物为主的生物母源对油页岩的贡献。此外,油页岩具有较高的γ 蜡烷指数（0.34~0.50）、C35升藿烷指数（0.076~0.102）和较低的Pr/Ph比值（0.32~0.49）,表明胜利河地区油页岩沉积期水体处于相对闭塞还原和盐度较高的沉积环境。  相似文献   

14.
松科1井是中国大陆第一口以白垩系陆相地层为主的全取心科学探井。通过取心样品的系统地球化学分析,研究了泥岩有机质丰度、类型、成熟演化及有机质沉积环境在纵向上的变化特征。结果表明:青一段泥岩有机质丰度最高,有机碳一般大于2%,平均为3.21%,发育优质烃源岩,其次在青二、三段、姚家组和嫩江组一、二段中也均发育有机质丰度相对较高的源岩层。纵向上泥岩有机质丰度显示出从高向低的9个韵律性变化,反映了湖相沉积过程中气候与水体环境、生物发育及有机质保存条件的周期性变化。青一段泥岩有机质类型主要为Ⅰ型,较高的甾烷含量反映以藻类输入为主,较高的伽马蜡烷和低的Pr/Ph及甲藻甾烷的存在反映该时期水体具有盐度分层和强还原的沉积环境,可能与海侵有关。青二、三段泥岩有机质类型主要为Ⅰ—Ⅱ型,伽马蜡烷和Pr/Ph等多项指标反映出该时期水体呈现振荡变化,有机质受陆源影响加大。姚家组有机质类型变化大,一部分为Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型,另一部分则Ⅱ2—Ⅲ型,较高丰度的泥岩通常具有较好的有机质类型,多项指标反映出该时期沉积环境波动较大。嫩江组一、二段泥岩主要以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型为主,4-甲基甾烷的存在反映具有沟鞭藻的贡献,较高的伽马蜡烷和低的Pr/Ph反映水体有盐度分层。有机质成熟度指标反映青二、三段中部泥岩开始进入成熟,源岩开始大量生油的深度在1500m。  相似文献   

15.
为评价松辽盆地北部油页岩资源潜力,开展了14口地质井的钻探、2 100多口老井的复查和多项油页岩的样品分析测试工作。根据油页岩分析测试资料,结合录井、测井、地震、沉积等研究成果,总结了油页岩主要特征,并用体积丰度法初步估算了埋深小于1 km的油页岩和页岩油潜在资源量。结果表明:松辽盆地北部油页岩主要发育在青山口组一段和嫩江组一、二段沉积时期的湖相沉积中,是盆地两次最大湖泛期的产物;嫩江组和青山口组油页岩平均岩石密度分别为2.20和2.18 t/m3,平均含油率分别为5.55%和5.39%;油页岩有机质类型为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型,处于未成熟低成熟阶段,有机质丰度极高,是最好的生油岩。松辽盆地北部油页岩分布广泛、层位稳定、资源潜力巨大,初步估算埋深小于1 km的油页岩潜在资源量为6 008.40×108 t,页岩油潜在资源量为297.50×108 t。油页岩可以成为未来大庆油田常规油气的重要补充或接替资源。  相似文献   

16.
松南西部斜坡区层序地层格架中的油气勘探模型   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
陆相盆地层序的发育是在湖盆蓄水量周期性变化条件下实现的。层序发育过程实际上是代表在湖水进-退的背景下湖泊冲积沉积作用彼此消长的过程。油气成藏与烃源岩的形成及储集体的发育有关。三维层序地层格架为烃源岩和储集体的配置提供了约束,形成了各种类型的圈闭,从勘探角度可称为油气勘探模型。松南西部斜坡区划分出2个巨层序、4个超层序和8个层序。层序Ⅵ由湖进体系域、高水位体系域和湖退体系域组成,本文即以此为例,论述层序地层格架中的油气勘探模型。模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别对应于湖退体系域、高水位体系域和湖进体系域,其中湖进体系域、高水位体系域可作为主要的烃源岩,而湖退体系域可提供储集岩。  相似文献   

17.
Black shales and massive sulfides represent reduced lithofacies that require isolation from oxic environments to be preserved. This, together with the sedimentary affinity of both lithofacies, can explain their common concurrence in the geologic record. The present study is based on the comparison of Rammelsberg in Germany, Tharsis in Spain, and Draa Sfar in Morocco, three massive sulfide deposits closely associated with black shales that are distributed along the European and North African Variscan orogen. The study entails geochemical, biostratigraphic, and stratigraphic analyses of the black shale sequences hosting the three deposits and mineralogical and textural analyses of the sulfides. All three deposits were formed in immature, tectonically unstable basins within an active continental margin or continental magmatic arc. Their stratigraphic records consist of a sequence of black shales enclosing massive sulfides and variable proportions of bimodal volcanic and subvolcanic rocks. The major differences among the three deposits concern the size, composition, and mineralogy. Regarding age, they are diachronous and younger southward: Rammelsberg is middle Eifelian, Tharsis latest Famennian, and Draa Sfar late Viséan. The study of redox conditions of the paleoenvironment using organic and inorganic proxies highlights similarities and significant differences among the three ore-hosting basins during massive sulfide and black shale deposition. The black shales generally display low Corg and high Stot contents. At Rammelsberg, the Stot/Ctot ratios provide values typical for normal Middle Devonian marine environments, which suggests that the original reactive organic C is now fixed in carbonates. At Tharsis, most of the samples have Corg >1 and Stot/Corg values equivalent to those of Devonian?CCarboniferous normal marine sediments. However, some pyritic hanging-wall samples have Corg <1 and Stot up to 5?wt.%, suggesting the epigenetic addition of HS?. The Stot/Corg ratio for the Draa Sfar samples resembles that of Middle Carboniferous normal marine environments. Geochemical inorganic proxies used to define the environmental conditions include the enrichment factors of U (UEF) and Mo (MoEF) together with V/Cr and V/(V?+?Ni) ratios. Footwall shales at Filón Norte (Tharsis) show positive and eventually elevated UEF and MoEF values, which suggests anoxic conditions, whereas at Rammelsberg and Draa Sfar oxic bottom water is indicated. The relations V/Cr and V/(V + Ni) in all three cases point to a redox boundary near the sediment?Cwater interface, although at Tharsis some samples indicate anoxic/euxinic conditions (i.e., V/(V + Ni) >0.9). Regarding the environmental conditions of the source areas, feldspar illitization and selective depletion in Na and Ca occurred at the three studies sites. Available sulfur isotopic data from the Rammelsberg and Tharsis sulfide ore indicate that biogenic reduction of marine sulfate was a major sulfur source during massive sulfide generation. Nevertheless, a hydrothermal sulfur source has also been detected. At Rammelsberg, this is indicated from the polymetallic sulfides that replace sedimentary and diagenetic pyrite. At Tharsis, the bacteriogenic sulfur signature is also restricted to sulfide with less evolved textures, whereas a hydrothermal source is more evident in sulfides showing evidence of recrystallization. Both geochemical and isotopic data suggest that the bacteriogenic reduction process was inhibited by rapid burial. The sedimentation rates calculated for Rammelsberg, Tharsis, and Draa Sfar were in the range 7?C13, 8?C14, and 19?C27?cm/ka, respectively. Continuous sedimentation of black shale favored the isolation of the massive sulfides and organic material from bottom waters and hence favored their preservation. Accordingly, the relationships between black shales and massive sulfides are considered to be casual. Nevertheless, the tectono-sedimentary evolution of each basin controlled the deposition of both black shales and massive sulfides and the parameters that favored their coeval deposition.  相似文献   

18.
The organic rich Safer shales exposed in the north-central part of onshore Marib-Shabowah Basin are evaluated and their depositional environments are interpreted. Total organic carbon contents (TOC) of the shales range from 1.02–16.8 wt%, and yield hydrogen index (HI) values ranging from 130 to 820 mg HC/g TOC, consistent with mainly Type II with minor contributions from Type I and mixed Types II–III kerogens. The Safer shale samples have vitrinite reflectance values in the range of 0.5–1.0 Ro%, indicating early mature to peak mature stage for oil generation. Tmax values range from 429–438 °C, which are in reasonably good agreement with vitrinite reflectance data. Kerogen microscopy shows that the Safer shales are characterized by high amounts of organic matter, consisting predominantly of yellow fluorescing amorphous organic matter and alginite of marine origin. This is supported by their high content of hydrogen rich Type II and I oil-prone kerogen.The biomarker distributions of the Upper Jurassic Safer extracts are characterized by dominant low to medium molecular weight compounds (n-C14 to n-C20), low Pr/Ph ratio (<1.0), high phytane/n-C18 ratios (0.82–2.68), and predominant regular sterane C27. All biomarker parameters clearly indicate that the organic matter was derived from marine algal inputs and deposited under anoxic (reducing) conditions. Hypersaline conditions also prevailed during deposition of these sediments, as indicated by the presence of gammacerane.  相似文献   

19.
页岩能源矿产已成为国内外研究热点,并掀起一场“页岩革命”,其主要包括油页岩、页岩油、页岩气等非常规页岩能源资源。这套页岩能源矿产与富有机质泥岩密切相关,其在成因上存在一定的联系和共生规律,但成矿（藏）条件又存在明显的不同。松辽盆地上白垩统青山口组发育厚层的暗色泥岩,由于其面积巨大,泥岩中有机质丰度高,埋藏深度差异明显,具备形成页岩能源共生矿产成矿（藏）的地质条件。初步分析认为,松辽盆地青山口组下部暗色泥岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型主要为I~II1型,为油页岩成矿,页岩油、页岩气成藏提供足够的有机质来源,其中在松辽盆地东南隆起区,青山口组埋藏较浅（深度＜1 000 m）,有机质热演化程度较低（Ro＜0.7%）,为良好的油页岩成矿场所。埋藏浅的富有机质泥岩可能因微生物活动而形成生物成因页岩气,较弱的成岩压实作用和极为丰富的有机质为页岩气成藏提供足够的空间（孔隙度4%~14%）。从盆地东部的隆起带到中央凹陷区,随着埋深加大（深度＞1 000 m）,热演化程度逐渐增强（Ro:0.7%~1.2%）,基本处于成熟-过熟阶段,有机质大量排烃,为页岩油、页岩气成藏提供足够的来源。异常高压和排烃造孔形成良好的储层,使泥页岩具备页岩油、气成藏的良好条件。因此,松辽盆地可能存在呈环形的页岩能源矿产成矿（藏）规律,其中在东南隆起区和中央凹陷隆起地区为油页岩成矿和生物型页岩气有利成藏带;中央凹陷大部分地区可能为页岩油、热解型页岩气有利成藏带;中央凹陷埋藏最深部位可能发育热裂解型页岩气有利成藏带。  相似文献   

20.
郭旭升 《地球科学》2017,42(7):1069-1082
学者们在页岩层序划分与构成等方面还存在较大分歧;其次,现有研究中针对页岩非均质性在层序格架内的变化特征及成因规律方面亦有不足.五峰组-龙马溪组页岩是上扬子地区重要的页岩气勘探层位之一,通过钻井岩心、露头剖面、常规测井、能谱测井和地球化学参数等资料,对上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组黑色页岩层序地层学进行了定量分析.在五峰组-龙马溪组识别出3个三级层序,其中五峰组为一个三级层序,进一步划分出海侵体系域（五峰组下部黑色页岩）和高位体系域（五峰组上部观音桥段）;龙马溪组一段作为一个三级层序,进一步划分出海侵体系域、早期高位和晚期高位体系域;龙马溪组二段和三段为一个三级层序,进一步划分出低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域.以不同体系域为单元分析了五峰组-龙马溪组层序发育与沉积环境特征,揭示了各体系域内古生产力与水体氧化还原条件对有机质富集的控制机理,总结并提出了系统的五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩层序地层垂向演化模式.   相似文献   

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