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1.
Nathaniel S. Trumbull 《GeoJournal》2014,79(4):495-511
This paper explores the issue of restructuring socialist housing estates in St. Petersburg, Russia, with an emphasis on residents’ perceptions of the wide range of economic, social, and environmental impacts of that restructuring. A new housing renewal program, “renovatsiia” (renovation) of khrushchevki, has been controversial from the very beginning and involves the demolition of existing khrushchevki and the construction of new housing on the same sites. By examining the issue within the framework of housing regeneration in the post-socialist context, the paper aims to provide insights into some of the challenges of urban renewal in the housing sector in the second largest Russian city. The paper at the same time investigates the viability of the collaborative planning model in the context of the post-socialist city. 相似文献
2.
The productive restructuring process has affected more than just the economic field, because its effects have been felt on
urbanisation processes, on social relations, and on the spatial organisation of society. Starting from the ‘metapolis’ concept,
developed by Ascher (1995), we analyse the evolution of new forms of urban space in Portugal, arguing that new urban forms
generate new social inequalities and, in extreme cases, social exclusion. Portugal is a semi-peripheral country that combines
certain of the trends in social and economic organisation common to core countries, with certain trends more common in the
developing world. Thus the understanding of urban change in Portugal is a complex task, made more difficult by the rapidity
of processes since the mid 1970s. The Lisbon Metropolitan Area has been deeply affected by the productive restructuring process.
The role of economic and urban policies in the Lisbon region is discussed, and an assessment is made of certain measures aimed
at solving economic and social problems.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
A preliminary assessment of social risk in Romania 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Social risk is seen as endemic in the postmodern world of 'glocalisation', especially in cities competing for a place in the
global economy while simultaneously seeking to contain tensions between a kaleidoscopic mix of urban interests and life styles.
Transition economies in Eastern Europe are very much at risk, especially in southeastern Europe where a general decline in
living standards heightens tension as large cities are threatened with heavy unemployment. Several indicators of social risk
are examined at the county level in Romania, but it is evident that while there are some close correlations between unemployment
on the one hand and labour unrest, divorce and criminality on the other this is not always the case. Some counties have remained
stable despite high unemployment while others manifest high social risk with below-average unemployment. Further research
is needed to assess risk on a regional basis more accurately, but it is clear that the electorate will continue to vent its
anger on incumbent governments when necessary restructuring does not immediately attract new investment and job creation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Luděk Sýkora 《GeoJournal》1999,49(1):79-89
The article overviews the most important changes in the internal urban structure of Prague since 1989. Post-communist urban
development has been influenced by government-directed reforms of political and economic system, internationalisation and
globalisation, public policies favouring unregulated market development, economic restructuring in terms of deindustrialisation
and growth of producer services, and increasing social differentiation. The three most transparent processes of urban change
in Prague have been (1) commercialisation of the historical core; (2) revitalisation of some inner city neighbourhoods; and
(3) residential and commercial suburbanisation in the outer city.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Mark Purcell 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):99-108
Much current activism and scholarship has raised concern that the various processes of neoliberal restructuring are threatening democracy. More specifically, researchers in geography and other social sciences have stressed that political and economic restructuring in cities is negatively affecting the enfranchisement of urban residents. Much recent research and writing has explored progressive responses to this perceived disenfranchisement in cities. One popular trend has been a fascination with the idea of the `right to the city' as a way to respond to neoliberal urbanism and better empower urban dwellers. I argue that the right to the city holds promise, but that in the literature the idea remains both theoretically and politically underdeveloped. It remains unclear (1) what the right to the city entails or (2) how it might address current problems of disenfranchisement. This paper examines the right to the city in greater depth. It does so by offering a close reading and analysis of the intellectual roots of the idea: the writings of Henri Lefebvre. I suggest that Lefebvre's right to the city is more radical, more problematic, and more indeterminate than the current literature makes it seem. The paper concludes by suggesting that the right to the city does offer distinct potential for resisting current threats to urban enfranchisement. However, the right to the city is not a panacea. It must be seen not as a completed solution to current problems, but as an opening to a new urban politics, what I call an urban politics of the inhabitant. 相似文献
6.
David Correia 《Geoforum》2010,41(1):66-73
Beginning in the 1990s, private ownership in Maine forestland shifted from a number of corporate owners to a patchwork of timber investment management organizations (TIMOs) and real estate investment trusts (REITs). This transformation reflected restructuring trends in the paper and pulp industry. During this same period, forest certification increased to levels that today make Maine one of the most certified states in the United States with nearly 8 million acres certified by one of a number of certifying entities. This paper examines the contradictory tensions of these trends. Specifically, the conservation goals of certification are undercut by increased investment in timber resources characterized by new financial instruments focused on return on investments. The increased use of first-party, industry-based certification suggests that the antagonisms between capital and conservation are being resolved in ways that undermine the purported conservation goals of forest certification standards. 相似文献
7.
Russian cities at a crossroads 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The research project `Changes in the Russian urban system after the dissolution of the Soviet Union' supported by the German
Science and Research Society aims to reveal the impact of change in (1) the national and regional urban network, (2) the type
and condition of Russian cities, and (3) the factors and actors affecting urban development. In this contribution the focus
is made on the first task. The authors argue that visible stabilisation of the Russian urbanisation under crisis and/or under
a new stage involves a good deal of restructuring and qualitative change. The hierarchy of the nation-wide functional centres
is in flux. Within regions `alternative' foci attract industries, capital and people, and compete with regional capitals.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
A spatial and temporal analysis, at a city wide scale, is given of the main type of informal housing (favelas) in Rio de Janeiro.
Rapid change in the number and distribution of favelas and their inhabitants (favelados) over time is seen as the outcome
of two opposing sets of factors. Demand-led housing factors, including population growth and variations in levels of poverty
in the city, have constantly outstripped the supply side of the housing equation where inadequate housing policies and investment,
together with restricted building land have been characteristic. Added to these factors are a set of more specific developments
which shape the favela geography, including the timing and location of urban redevelopment, favela eradication and recognition,
transport development and access by the favelados to employment sources. Evidence shows that the contemporary distribution
of favelas in the city does not conform to spatial models of this urban form, and that any interpretation of the Rio favelas,
including their growth, development and diversity, needs to be space and time specific.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
城市地质信息作为城市规划的基础资料,是决定城市用地选择的恰当与否、城市的功能组织和城市规划布局合理性的关键,同时对建设工程的经济决策和城市的运营管理等也有一定的影响。 相似文献
10.
Tuna Tasan 《GeoJournal》1999,49(1):91-103
The aim of this paper is to show how and in what sense the post-socialist transformation process has influenced the urban
spatial structure of Warsaw with the help of empirical evidence dealing with housing. Therefore, the main focus of the study
is the transformation of the housing market in the 1990s under social and economic restructuring process. The article comprises
two parts: the first part involves the geographical development of the urban spatial structure within the context of housing
market changes. In order to explain today's transformation, the system of socialist time is also discussed. In the second
part emphasis is placed on the evidence of the transformation in urban space, dealing with new tendencies and challenging
mechanisms in the housing market. The last period of transformation is also investigated in terms of changes in the urban
space since housing is seen as an important factor of urban transformation. Hence, following the brief outline of historical
development of the urban space housing market changes including the privatization of urban land is going to be the concern
of the paper. The problems of the transformation and practical implementation of the privatization process are also discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
In South Africa attempts are being made to address the socio-spatial distortions of the apartheid era through a more equitable
distribution of resources, and the re-drawing of municipal geographical boundaries. However, boundaries are not neutral geographic
lines. Boundary changes are often associated with a redistribution of political power and resources. The aim of this paper
is to analyse the effects of the contemporary territorial and administrative restructuring on urban dynamics in South Africa.
More specifically, the focus is on how the process of territorial restructuring impacted on metropolitan areas as well as
on secondary cities and their hinterlands. Examining and elucidating the manner in which various social, economic and political
forces have manifested themselves in the process of boundary delimitation in a major metropolitan centre as well as adjacent
rural areas is a central theme of this paper. There were considerable contestations over the delimitation of new local government
boundaries. Affluent metro authorities like that in Durban were opposed to the spatial extension of their boundaries because
of the costs of the providing services and infrastructure in the deprived margins. Similarly, there was concern that incorporation
of rural areas will result in increased municipal service charges being imposed on these communities. Tensions were heightened
between urban and rural regions because traditional leaders believed that their territorial jurisdiction and authority were
being undermined. In other parts of the country, the merger of traditionally white and black fragments of secondary cities
often resulted in many black locations continuing to be marginalized. There appears to be neither the political will nor the
economic capacity to upgrade these zones of marginalized urban communities. While the Municipal Demarcation Board was largely
successful in eliminating the political geography of apartheid at a macro- scale, this paper suggests that the greater challenge
for government and policy makers is to reduce the socio-spatial and economic inequalities which appears to be still very high
and perhaps increasing.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
《Geoforum》2016
Energy poverty – or the condition of households that cannot adequately heat their homes – is produced at the confluence of multi-scalar processes, from regional labor market restructuring, to urban disinvestment, to geopolitical and geoeconomic struggles over extraction. Critical theorization of the concept is in its nascent phase and the notion itself has received relatively little attention in the United States. Our paper aims to address these lacunae by mobilizing an urban political ecology framework to consider a community-based campaign that targeted residential energy conservation funds in Buffalo, New York. We analyze how the community campaign drew upon the “network crisis” of the energy-poor home to frame critical justice demands that foregrounded energy poverty as the product of uneven socionatural development. Through spatial claims and scalar strategies, the campaign highlighted the contribution of neoliberal conservation programs to deepening patterns of uneven development, and demanded redress of disinvestment in urban housing stock through funding of weatherization for low-income households. We argue that contests over urban energy metabolism offer a fruitful area to explore the possibilities of transforming uneven development from below. 相似文献
13.
Spatial concentration of manufacturing always ends up with regional inequalities. This phenomenon is also true in the case
of Thailand. The pattern of industrial development in Thailand from 1996 to 2005 was examined using composite index in analyzing
the pattern, the results of which are described in this paper. The review was aimed at assessing the effects of development
policies and the factors that influenced the concentration of industrial development in the country. Results of the analysis
indicated that most industries are concentrated only in Bangkok and its vicinity even if the Government of Thailand has promoted
investment policies to support and develop provincial industries in the remote rural areas. Moreover, the results also showed
that capital intensive based industries are concentrated in the urban areas, while the resources-based industries are mainly
found in the rural areas. Despite wide zonal variation of industrial development within Thailand, the outcomes of the industrial
decentralization policy are very impressive and leading to the path of greater success in coming decades. 相似文献
14.
15.
《Geoforum》2017
Due to growing social and physical transformations, contemporary cities reveal the profound necessity of proper scientific approaches that are adjusted to conditions of global complexity and dynamic patterns of development. Predominance of an overall market economy, sporadic deregulations of administrative powers and a lack of local investment or resources, dominate urban reality. Incongruous urban decision-making procedures result in contextually inappropriate and incoherent urban management. We will explore these operational elements in Savamala neighbourhood in Belgrade. The actor-network theory (ANT) is applied to analyse the hyper dynamic circumstances of transition in Serbia. An unclear regulatory framework, powerful financial means for investment and limited institutional influence of citizen participation, deploy unstable urban development modalities at the neighbourhood level. ANT offers an insight into how urban norms, projections and structures unfold and how associations and translations of urban elements develop. Plausible yet complex collisions in Savamala constitute a challenge for ANT in mapping urban development processes and visualizing actors and networks through diagrams. Based on the presented results, the illustrative perspective of ANT minimalizes both the importance and the influence of the permanence of urban structures across time and space. Instead, ANT deals with a city as a contingent, fragmentary and heterogeneous, yet persistent product of actors, their roles, associations, agencies and networks. Possible adaptations of ANT should respond to the needs of non-scientific actors and practitioners for an interpretive tool that addresses undercover processes and mechanisms or provides explanations, recommendations or operational diagnoses on how to absorb urban development dynamics. 相似文献
16.
Olga I. Vendina 《GeoJournal》1997,42(4):349-363
Major trends of social restructuring of Moscow population and processes of intra-urban segregation are discussed. The article comprises two main parts. The first part deals with differences between the population of Moscow and that of Russia based on the main socio-economic indicators. In the second part, emphasis is placed on the urban processes of social stratification of the population on the basis of analysis of the demographic and employment patterns of the population and peculiarities of the functioning housing market. The merging of top government officials and new business elites is stressed. A conclusion is drawn about the variation of the character of urban population differentiation and its transition to a stage of property-based spatial segregation. 相似文献
17.
Hans Thor Andersen 《GeoJournal》1998,46(1):7-16
This article examines socio-spatial changes resulting from economic and social restructuring in Copenhagen in recent decades. The main features of these changes have involved a sharp decline in manufacturing employment, a rise in the participation of women in the labour market, increasing unemployment among unskilled workers, a growing number of immigrants in obsolete dwellings and social housing estates, a relative decline in the number of families, and a growth in the numbers of single parent households. Do these changes challenge the classic models of segregation, or can they still be considered valid? Empirical evidence is produced concerning the socio-spatial effect of these changes in Copenhagen. The conclusion is that the classical model of social segregation is still valid, although some additional dimensions must be included. Furthermore, the overall socio-spatial structure of Copenhagen remains relatively intact, largely because of the inertia of the urban landscape and its social relations. However, the radical nature of the restructuring processes can also be called into question. 相似文献
18.
《Geoforum》2013
By focusing on Kunshan, an economically advanced county-level city in the Yangtze River Delta, this paper aims to answer how, why, and under what circumstances the territorial power of Chinese urban entrepreneurial states is created in response to the dynamics of spatial economic development in the context of market transition and globalization. Although Kunshan is merely a county-level authority administratively, its economic performance in 2011 was better than that of several poor provinces, such as Hainan, Tibet, Qinghai, and Ningxia. Kunshan’s successful urban entrepreneurialism presents a unique ‘mismatch’ between ‘low’ administrative rank and ‘great’ economic performance (a big foot in a small shoe, dajiao chuan xiaoxie). I argue that Kunshan has developed several new local state powers through flexible administrative restructuring that explains the ‘mismatch’ puzzle and includes the following characteristics: (1) reclassification of Kunshan from county to county-level city, (2) relational adjustment by officially or informally raising Kunshan’s place rank and the cadre rank, and (3) boundary revision by virtual enclave enlargement. I conclude that the Chinese party-state system plays a role in Chinese county-level urban entrepreneurialism. 相似文献
19.
Li Zhang 《Geoforum》2011,42(4):473-483
Informal settlements become an intriguing spatial dimension of urbanization in those countries which experience the systemic shift from socialism to neoliberal regimes. This paper takes chengzhongcun(s) (literally meaning ‘villages encircled by the city’ boundaries) as a case to explore the dynamics of informal settlements in post-socialist China that has certain distinctive features related to the legacy of socialist institutions and restructuring of urban space by various forces. The paper details the political and economic contexts, as well as the ways in which chengzhongcun(s) are transformed into functional but unregulated urban space. It also elucidates the policy approach towards formalizing chengzhongcun(s) and confrontation involving in government-led redevelopment. The analysis illustrates how spatial informality is shaped by the interaction of economic interests and political considerations in a post-socialist economy with retaining the rural-urban dualism of land ownership and the control of urban citizenship. 相似文献
20.
Knowledge about new technology is a main determinant of the competitiveness of cities and regions nowadays. It reduces the amount of uncertainty of companies in their daily operations. In addition, it is a basis for the establishment of new companies and the restructuring of old ones. The availability and use of knowledge has thus a major influence on the development of urban and regional economies. An amazingly small amount of research has been done on the knowledge capacity of cities to date, i.e. urban potentials to generate, store, transfer and use knowledge. This article explores therefore, the urban knowledge capacity in a theoretical and empirical sense. Attention will be given to essential urban knowledge activities, and to the comprehensive and complex nature of the phenomena involved. In addition, various planning tools aimed at knowledge-based economic growth will be considered, with a focus on differences between the actors involved, and opportunities and constraints for success. In the empirical part, the city of Delft in the Netherlands will serve as an example, particularly regarding local policies for knowledge-based growth. Delft is an interesting case given the abundant availability of new technology and the relatively low level of local new firm formation. 相似文献