共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
《应用地球物理》2020,(1)
随钻方位电磁波测井仪器已广泛应用于大斜度井/水平井钻井,但地层各向异性使得地质导向及储层评价更为困难。为定量分析地层各向异性对随钻方位电磁波测井响应及资料处理影响,本文借助正反演技术,详细考察了测井响应对各向异性的敏感性及测井数据反演精度。首先,定义了敏感因子,定量分析了不同磁场分量、合成信号对各向异性的敏感性;然后,模拟了层状各向异性地层中的随钻方位电磁波测井仪器响应,对比分析了对称设计和非对称设计仪器的响应特征及对地层参数的敏感性;最后,探讨了反演模型的选取对各向异性地层界面反演精度的影响。数值模拟及反演结果表明:随钻方位电磁波测井响应受各向异性影响严重,通过对称补偿设计可降低地质信号对各向异性的敏感性,进而增强对地层界面的探测能力;各向异性地层中,视电阻率曲线出现分离及"犄角"等现象,界面附近方位信号则可能出现复杂非线性变化;反演中若不考虑各向异性的影响,难以获取准确的地层界面和电阻率信息,进而可能导致地质导向决策的失误。 相似文献
2.
大斜度井/水平井随钻测井技术已被广泛的应用于各种复杂油气藏中,但传统随钻电磁波测井仅提供仪器轴向磁场分量,井斜和各向异性对测井响应影响耦合在一起,难以剥离,无法基于反演同时获取多个参数,进行相应的地层评价,且不能提供方位信息,难以实现地质导向功能.随钻方位电磁波测井在提供仪器轴向磁场分量的基础上,还提供了仪器横向磁场分量,其提取的地质导向信号,对地层界面非常敏感,受井斜、地层电阻率对比度和各向异性影响弱,可以反演得到准确的界面位置.此外,额外的磁场分量信息,有效降低了井斜与各向异性的耦合程度,可基于反演算法实现多参数联合反演,满足电阻率测井精细解释评价需求. 相似文献
3.
4.
以煤岩介质和煤岩界面作为电磁波传播响应研究对象,构建与煤岩电磁参数相关的地质模型。针对煤矿井下随钻方位电磁波探测技术在煤岩地质导向中的响应特性进行深入分析,研究煤岩界面探测识别方法及其适用性。模拟仪器在煤岩层响应特性规律,建立煤层顶底板界面的方位、仪器到煤层界面距离的计算方法。利用拟牛顿法对随钻方位电磁波电阻率仪器响应理论模型进行反演计算,并对模拟数据数据进行实时反演,降低了Jacobian矩阵的计算次数,提高了反演速度并降低了对初值的依赖性。基于正反演数值仿真模拟,获得低阻含水层、异常地质体（陷落柱、夹矸层等）方位电磁波探测的信号响应规律。通过正交线圈的定向电动势模拟成像方法研究,验证了高阻煤层中方位电磁波电阻率应用的可行性、能够为煤层界面、地质异常体探测及地质导向应用提供依据。 相似文献
5.
6.
在定向井及水平井钻井过程中,常采用地质导向技术;地质导向的关键在于实时确定地层界面和产状、实现地层模型的实时更新和井眼轨迹的及时调整,从而最大限度地提高油层的钻遇率.利用基于地层模型的测井响应正演曲线与随钻测井曲线进行对比是确定地层界面的有效方法;本文基于伽马射线在地层中的衰减规律,导出了不同地层模型中随钻伽马测井响应快速正演算法,克服了目前难以将蒙特卡罗算法用于实时随钻伽马测井正演的困难.应用实例表明该方法可以有效地辅助实时判定实际地层界面,更好地实现地质导向. 相似文献
7.
《地球物理学报》2021,64(6)
本文给出超深随钻方位电磁波测井的仪器天线设计及探测模式信号定义;分析各探测模式的探测性能及对地层电阻率、倾角及各向异性的表征能力;定义方位角、井斜角及地层电阻率的敏感性函数,定性分析不同模式对地层参数的敏感性.研究结果表明,超深随钻方位电磁波测井各探测模式具有不同探测特性,探测模式I利用对称设计识别地层边界,消除井斜角及电阻率各向异性的影响,在不同电阻率条件下优选频率及源距,达到最大探测范围;探测模式II采用非对称设计,增强对倾角和电阻率各向异性的敏感性,在井斜角为60°时对电阻率变化尤为敏感;探测模式III在任意井斜角下均不具有方位敏感性,能够有效表征地层电阻率,在水平井条件下受地层各向异性影响最小;探测模式IV在高角度及水平井条件下,能够有效识别电阻率各向异性信息. 相似文献
8.
随钻地质导向钻井的关键在于对边界的探测,为提高仪器探测深度,时谐源激励的电磁波测井方法通常采用降低频率、增大源距的方式.瞬变电磁波测井信号源的突然关断产生会产生感应涡流,涡流随时间向地层深部扩散,与时谐源激励方式相比,其探测深度更大且测量过程不受信号源的干扰.因此,本文提出一种时间域瞬变电磁波测井边界远探测方法,采用余弦变换的数值滤波算法,模拟层状地层同轴发射接收线圈的瞬变电磁波测井响应,结果显示,地层电导率越大,电磁波传播速度越慢,测量晚期感应电动势与地层电导率线性相关;通过定义层状介质总场与线圈系所在当前层背景场的差值可方便提取界面信息,对界面的探测距离可达数十米;瞬变电磁波测井响应受源距的影响很小,为利用短源距实现远探测提供了可能.瞬变电磁波测井与时谐源电磁波测井相比优势明显,在电磁波测井领域中应用前景广阔. 相似文献
9.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(1)
随钻电磁波电阻率测井是目前国内实时评价地层含油性和地质导向的主要方法,其在地层界面附近的响应特征是判定实际地层产状、实施地质导向的根本依据.因此研究地层产状因素对随钻电磁波测井响应的影响特征和规律,对判定地层界面、调整地层模型有重要的意义.本文以哈利伯顿EWR—PHASE4单发双收仪器为例,利用ANSYS软件采用矢量有限元方法对不同地层条件下的响应特征进行了三维数值模拟.数值模拟过程中通过控制网格大小,在保证计算精度的前提下减小计算规模、提高计算速度.最终得出了目的层厚度、倾角以及与围岩电阻率比值等因素对随钻电磁波测井响应的影响特征和规律,指出了犄角信号出现的条件,为随钻测井过程中实时正确判识地层产状提供了理论依据. 相似文献
10.
《应用地球物理》2017,(3)
大斜度井/水平井中,随钻电磁波电阻率测井与双侧向测井由于测量原理不同,引起的测井响应特征有着较大差别。首先依据积分方程法模拟了随钻电磁波电阻率测井在大斜度井/水平井中的测井响应特征,采用三维有限元素法模拟了双侧向测井在大斜度井/水平井中的测井响应特征,然后对比分析了二者在水平地层中的测井响应差异和产生的原因。结果表明,水平井中随钻电磁波电阻率测井和双侧向测井响应差异的主要影响因素有:不同井斜角、地层各向异性、地层界面以及泥浆侵入等。随着相对井斜角的增大,随钻电磁波电阻率测井在地层界面处的测井响应异常大,而双侧向测井在地层界面附近受围岩影响逐渐变得平滑;随着相对井斜角的增加,各向异性的影响逐渐增大,但各向异性对双侧向测井的影响程度要小于对随钻电磁波电阻率的影响。这些差异如不能正确认识将导致水平井解释过程中出现偏差。最后根据实际资料,分析如何这些差异进行水平井测井解释。 相似文献
11.
The airborne electromagnetic (AEM) method has a high sampling rate and survey flexibility. However, traditional numerical modeling approaches must use high-resolution physical grids to guarantee modeling accuracy, especially for complex geological structures such as anisotropic earth. This can lead to huge computational costs. To solve this problem, we propose a spectral-element (SE) method for 3D AEM anisotropic modeling, which combines the advantages of spectral and finite-element methods. Thus, the SE method has accuracy as high as that of the spectral method and the ability to model complex geology inherited from the finite-element method. The SE method can improve the modeling accuracy within discrete grids and reduce the dependence of modeling results on the grids. This helps achieve high-accuracy anisotropic AEM modeling. We first introduced a rotating tensor of anisotropic conductivity to Maxwell’s equations and described the electrical field via SE basis functions based on GLL interpolation polynomials. We used the Galerkin weighted residual method to establish the linear equation system for the SE method, and we took a vertical magnetic dipole as the transmission source for our AEM modeling. We then applied fourth-order SE calculations with coarse physical grids to check the accuracy of our modeling results against a 1D semi-analytical solution for an anisotropic half-space model and verified the high accuracy of the SE. Moreover, we conducted AEM modeling for different anisotropic 3D abnormal bodies using two physical grid scales and three orders of SE to obtain the convergence conditions for different anisotropic abnormal bodies. Finally, we studied the identification of anisotropy for single anisotropic abnormal bodies, anisotropic surrounding rock, and single anisotropic abnormal body embedded in an anisotropic surrounding rock. This approach will play a key role in the inversion and interpretation of AEM data collected in regions with anisotropic geology. 相似文献
12.
由于航空电磁具有海量数据,因此快速有效的成像和反演手段至关重要.本文针对层状介质模型推导与实现了广义模型约束条件下时间域航空电磁一维反演.从正则化反演的目标函数出发,通过改变模型约束项构造Lp范数反演和聚焦反演,进而通过改变模型求解域构造出基于小波变换的稀疏约束反演.针对不同反演方法目标函数的构建方式,本文进一步从数学原理上分析不同反演方法的预期效果,并通过理论模型和实测数据进行验证.结果表明L0.8范数反演、聚焦反演和基于小波变换的稀疏约束反演可以得到更符合地下层状介质陡变界面的反演结果. 相似文献
13.
采用模式匹配法研究了非轴对称条件下普通电阻率测井响应.根据非轴对称的地层模型，建立了新型的坐标系，确定在井轴与地层法线所形成的XOY平面上用数值方法，与此面垂直的方向上用解析方法.在XOY平面上的数值分析中，构建了广义特征值问题；在Z轴方向的解析部分中，人为地划分了一些介质层，并根据电磁场在层界面的连续性条件，推导出了各层之间场量的传递关系，从而摒弃了传统上二维模式匹配法中的复杂的反射阵和透射阵理论，完成了三维模式匹配理论.多种地层模型的数值结果对比表明，该方法在轴对称条件下的计算结果和二维模式匹配法的计算结果具有很好的一致性.此外，应用此算法还研究了倾斜地层等各种非轴对称的地层模型电阻率测井响应，系统地考察了井斜角对普通电阻率测井响应的影响. 相似文献
14.
Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) methods are increasingly being used as tools of geological mapping, groundwater exploration and prospecting for coal and lignite. In such applications, quantitative interpretation is commonly based on the layered-earth model. A new approach, a damped least-squares inversion with singular value decomposition, is proposed for interpretation of time-domain, towed-bird AEM data. Studies using theoretical and field AEM data indicate that inversion techniques are dependable and provide fast converging solutions. An analysis has been made of the accuracy of model parameter determination, which depends on resistivity and thickness distribution. In the common case of conductive overburden, upper-layer resistivity and thickness are usually well determined, although situations exist where their separation becomes difficult. In the case of a resistive layer overlying a conductive basement, the layer thickness is the best-determined parameter. In both cases, estimates of basement resistivity are the least reliable. Field data obtained with the Chinese-made M-l AEM system in Dongling, Anhui Province, China, were processed using the described inversion algorithm. The survey area comprised fluvial Cenozoic clays and weathered Mesozoic sediments. Inversion of AEM data resulted in accurate depth-to-bedrock sections and realistic estimates of the resistivities of overburden and bedrock which agree with the results of drilling and resistivity sounding. 相似文献
15.
传统的一维反演技术已经被广泛应用于航空电磁数据解释中.然而,利用单点水平层状介质模型模拟地下复杂地电结构有时会遇到困难.突出表现在反演参数的横向不连续性,即使相邻测点的反演结果也会出现突变.本文针对航空电磁直升机吊舱系统可进行密集采样,相邻测点地下电性结构应具有某种程度连续性的特点,研究航空电磁数据横向约束反演理论,并提出参数加权约束方法.首先阐述频率域航空电磁正演和加权横向约束反演理论,着重介绍这种拟二维反演方法的基本原理和实施步骤,以及将该方法成功应用于频率域航空电磁数据反演处理的方法技术.最后,通过对理论和实测数据反演处理,并与传统的一维反演结果进行对比,验证加权横向约束反演方法的有效性. 相似文献
16.
Andreas Ahl 《Geophysical Prospecting》2003,51(2):89-98
Artificial neural networks were used to implement an automatic inversion of frequency‐domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data that do not require a priori information about the survey area. Two classes of model, i.e. homogeneous half‐space models and horizontally layered half‐space models with two layers, are used in this 1D inversion, and for each data point the selection of the class of 1D model is performed prior to the inversion, also using an artificial neural network. The proposed inversion method was tested in a survey area situated in Austria, northwest of Vienna in the Bohemian Massif. The results of the inversion were compared with the geological setting, logging results, and seismic and gravimetric measurements. This comparison shows a good correlation between the AEM models and the known geological and geophysical data. 相似文献
17.
航空电磁作为一种高效的地球物理勘查技术手段,其发展在国外(加拿大、澳大利亚等国家)已十分成熟.然而,在我国该项技术仍处于发展当中,在国内目前尚未形成具有实际探测能力的航空电磁系统和解释手段.这一现状严重影响了我国对地形地质条件复杂区域(比如广大西部地区)矿产资源勘查的需求.本文旨在通过系统介绍航空电磁勘查技术中的基础理论、关键技术、仪器系统、数据处理、解释及应用,并对未来我国航空电磁勘查技术的发展提出建议,使读者了解该技术未来发展方向和研究热点,以期该项技术在我国得到快速发展并获得广泛应用. 相似文献
18.
时间域航空电磁作为一种高效地球物理勘探技术特别适合我国地形复杂地区(沙漠、高山、湖泊、沼泽等)资源勘查.然而,这些地区地形起伏较大,对航空电磁响应有严重影响,忽略地形影响会给航空电磁数据解释造成很大误差.到目前为止人们对航空电磁地形效应特征研究十分有限.本文提出了基于非结构化网格的有限元法模拟带地形时间域航空电磁系统响应.该方法与基于结构化网格的有限差分相比能更好地模拟地形.首先通过傅里叶变换将2.5维问题转化成二维问题,利用伽辽金方法对二维问题进行离散.通过使用MUMPS求解器,得到波数域电磁响应.利用反傅里叶变换将波数域电磁响应变换到空间域,并利用正弦变换将其变换到时间域,得到2.5维时间域航空电磁响应.通过将本文的计算结果与半空间模型解析解及其他已发表的结果进行对比,检验了本文算法的精度.最后,我们系统分析了山峰和山谷地形对航空响应的影响特征.本文研究结果对航空电磁地形效应的识别和校正具有指导意义. 相似文献
19.
The formation of ice cover on lakes alters heat and energy transfer with the water column. The fraction of surface area covered by ice and the timing of ice-on and ice-off therefore affects hydrodynamics and the seasonal development of stratification and related ecosystem processes. Multi-year model simulations of temperate lake ecosystems that freeze partially or completely therefore require simulation of the formation and duration of ice cover. Here we present a multi-year hydrodynamic simulation of an alpine lake with complex morphology (Lower Lake Constance, LLC) using the three-dimensional (3D) model Aquatic Ecosystem Model (AEM3D) over a period of 9 years. LLC is subdivided into three basins (Gnadensee, Zeller See and Rheinsee) which differ in depth, morphological features, hydrodynamic conditions and ice cover phenology and thickness. Model results were validated with field observations and additional information on ice cover derived from a citizen science approach using information from social media. The model reproduced the occurrence of thin ice as well as its inter-annual variability and differentiated the frequency and extent of ice cover between the three sub-basins. It captured that full ice cover occurs almost each winter in Gnadensee, but only rarely in Zeller See and Rheinsee. The results indicate that the 3D model AEM3D is suitable for simulating long-term dynamics of thin ice cover in lakes with complex morphology and inter-annual changes in spatially heterogeneous ice cover. 相似文献
20.
Full waveform inversion using oriented time‐domain imaging method for vertical transverse isotropic media 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Full waveform inversion for reflection events is limited by its linearised update requirements given by a process equivalent to migration. Unless the background velocity model is reasonably accurate, the resulting gradient can have an inaccurate update direction leading the inversion to converge what we refer to as local minima of the objective function. In our approach, we consider mild lateral variation in the model and, thus, use a gradient given by the oriented time‐domain imaging method. Specifically, we apply the oriented time‐domain imaging on the data residual to obtain the geometrical features of the velocity perturbation. After updating the model in the time domain, we convert the perturbation from the time domain to depth using the average velocity. Considering density is constant, we can expand the conventional 1D impedance inversion method to two‐dimensional or three‐dimensional velocity inversion within the process of full waveform inversion. This method is not only capable of inverting for velocity, but it is also capable of retrieving anisotropic parameters relying on linearised representations of the reflection response. To eliminate the crosstalk artifacts between different parameters, we utilise what we consider being an optimal parametrisation for this step. To do so, we extend the prestack time‐domain migration image in incident angle dimension to incorporate angular dependence needed by the multiparameter inversion. For simple models, this approach provides an efficient and stable way to do full waveform inversion or modified seismic inversion and makes the anisotropic inversion more practicable. The proposed method still needs kinematically accurate initial models since it only recovers the high‐wavenumber part as conventional full waveform inversion method does. Results on synthetic data of isotropic and anisotropic cases illustrate the benefits and limitations of this method. 相似文献