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1.
大地电磁正演理论研究热点一直以来主要集中在如何提高计算效率和精度,但在剖面足够长、探测深度足够大的情况下,传统的笛卡尔坐标系数值模拟方式难以准确拟合地球曲率形态.本文研究了基于球坐标系的三维大地电磁正演,推导了交错网格有限差分三维正演公式,与一维解析解和三维标准模型测试对比,验证了正演算法的正确性.通过理论模型计算,对比分析球坐标和笛卡尔坐标系正演结果表明：球坐标系模拟更合理,避免了传统笛卡尔坐标拉伸投影所引入的误差,可代替目前的笛卡尔坐标模拟方法.基于球坐标和笛卡尔坐标系的三维大地电磁正演响应值随着频率变低差异越明显.球坐标和笛卡尔坐标计算结果差异度与频率、模型结构和电阻率有关.本文模型计算结果在数万秒周期处已出现接近10%的差异,对于较大尺度的长周期大地电磁,地球曲率的影响不能忽略. 相似文献
2.
大地电磁法一直以来基本都遵循场源为平面电磁波的假设,这种假设普遍适用于中高频的大地电磁研究,但在具有显著非平面波场特性的区域或开展长周期大地电磁研究时,则对场源平面波的理论基础带来了挑战,若不满足理论假设,将会导致深部探测的可靠性降低,勘探目标定位风险增高.本文通过选择线状、片状及非规则场源模型来模拟极光电集流、赤道环电流和横向波动的波数场源,开展了大地电磁场源效应的模拟研究,对比分析了非平面波模式和平面波模式的响应差别.模拟表明大地电磁场源效应强度与模型平均电阻率正相关,与频率和测点与源水平距离负相关,且与场源的高度、宽度和横向波长等参数均有关系,非平面波模式和平面波模式正演响应在一些情况下具有超过10％的差异.基于场源效应特征,归纳并提出了五种场源效应校正方法,一是计算极限模型来截断场源效应影响频段的频域截断法,二是对多个同步观测的邻近测点进行平均的测点平均法,三是延长测点观测时间的时间域延长法,四是剔除较强垂直磁场分量所对应场源效应较强段数据的时间域剔除法,五是直接考虑场源的反演,五种方法均能一定程度上降低大地电磁场源效应的影响.对于受场源效应影响的大地电磁数据,若直接采用平面波方式进行反演则可能在深部产生较大畸变,若在获知场源相关参数的基础上,可开展考虑场源的大地电磁反演来消除场源效应影响. 相似文献
3.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(4)
在实际复杂的三维地电条件下,倾子作为大地电磁法的重要解释参数之一,其正演模拟和响应分析对提高大地电磁法的探测精度具有重要作用.本文在简要阐述大地电磁三维正演基本理论的基础上,利用交错网格有限差分法开展了大地电磁三维倾子正演模拟研究,首先正演模拟单个低、高阻两种地电模型的倾子响应,结果表明倾子资料能够较好反映地下异常体的空间分布;在此基础上,设计了含有两个低(高)阻异常体和低阻垂直断层的复杂组合模型并计算了其三维倾子响应,结果表明,倾子具有对复杂的地电结构良好的空间分辨率,且倾子响应既保留了模型中每单个异常体的倾子响应形态,又表现出了异常体之间相互作用的整体响应情况,进一步加深了对倾子的响应特征和规律、以及倾子资料对异常体边界的识别能力的认识,为倾子资料从定性解释向定量解释发展提供参考和依据. 相似文献
4.
通过地电场台址近地表介质电阻率和地电场值计算大地电流,从大地电流场中分离出涡旋电流;根据平面波理论和水平导电层模型,使用地磁暴观测数据在频率域计算地磁感应电场(GIE),由GIE计算地磁暴感应电流(GIC).计算结果与实测值对比分析表明:GIE计算结果与实测地电暴具有很好的相位一致性;GIC涡旋中心相对地电暴涡旋中心存在向SE漂移约3°的现象;磁暴时地磁场Z分量的幅值分布图中极大值区域与涡旋中心重合,可能是GIC涡旋中心偏移的原因.另外,根据电磁感应原理提出的等效环电流模型,在一定程度上解释了涡旋大地电流的形成机制.本项工作可应用于地磁观测与地电观测的相互校正,同时有助于认识地电暴对大地电流分布的影响. 相似文献
5.
传统三维大地电磁各向异性模拟均是基于规则六面体网格,计算精度有限且较难拟合复杂地质条件.本文采用面向目标自适应非结构矢量有限元法,对三维大地电磁各向异性介质进行模拟.首先从电场双旋度方程出发,利用伽辽金方法建立变分方程;然后利用电流密度连续性条件构建适合大地电磁各向异性问题的加权后验误差估计方法,实现面向目标的网格自适应正演;最后通过典型算例分析各向异性对网格自适应和大地电磁响应的影响特征以及各向异性的识别方法.本文算法能够高精度地拟合起伏地表和任意各向异性介质,适用于分析复杂地电条件大地电磁响应特征,为提高大地电磁资料解释水平提供了理论基础. 相似文献
6.
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)一直沿用大地电磁法(MT)的办法,通过计算电场分量与磁场分量的比值,求取卡尼亚视电阻率.而CSAMT场源已知,电场分量和磁场分量都与地下电阻率存在一定的关系,可以单独采用CSAMT电场分量或者磁场分量提取地下介质的视电阻率.本文通过分析电场分量与磁场分量的数据特性,提出利用CSAMT电场单分量数据进行视电阻率的计算,用改进的广义逆矩阵反演方法,使初始模型中的地电层数等于频道个数,克服了以往反演计算中层数较少的问题;实现全场区电场分量视电阻率曲线的拟合反演.同时对单分量视相位计算方法进行分析,结合山西大同地区积水采空区探测及数据解释结果,论证本文提出的单分量解释方法的有效性. 相似文献
7.
为了克服空气层和地表耦合以及避免一次场计算,开发适合不同类型场源、不同应用范围的频率域三维正演模拟统一平台,本文从麦克斯韦基本方程出发,推导基于Lorenz规范条件的磁矢势和标势耦合方程;通过将不同类型场源分解成一系列短导线(电性)源组合,采用交错网格采样和有限体积技术对方程进行离散得到对称大型稀疏线性方程组,并采用Jacobi迭代预处理QMR(Quasi-Minimum-Residual,拟最小残差)算法进行求解,我们成功实现不同类型场源、不同应用范围的频率域电磁法三维正演模拟.通过层状模型下大地电磁法以及有限长接地导线和大回线磁性源激发下的电磁场响应模拟,并与一维解析解对比验证算法的有效性.进而,我们利用该算法平台的模拟结果对典型地电模型在不同场源激发下频率域电磁法响应特征进行对比分析.本文算法研究及实现为建立频率域电磁法三维正反演统一框架打下基础. 相似文献
8.
快速且高精度的三维大地电磁法正反演是目前研究的热点.由于大地电磁法场源的平面波特性,以往的正演方法大多采用直接求解总场的方法,在边界强加二维边界条件.本文提出了一种基于二次场方法的三维大地电磁法正演算法,将平面波在层状背景模型中的响应作为场源项,得到二次场满足的偏微分方程,并利用交错网格有限差分法求取二次场.与其他学者的基于总场方法的结果的对比证明了本文采用方法的正确性.在基于二次场的正演算法基础上,实现了基于L-BFGS的三维反演方法,并对公开的数据集进行了反演.另外,针对大地电磁法的多频率观测特性,采用了基于MPI的分频并行策略对程序进行并行化,可达到接近线性的加速比. 相似文献
9.
本文对大地电磁感应的场源效应进行了较详细的研究.用线电流为场源,均匀大地和三层结构为构造模型进行了计算,其结果与均匀场源的感应作了对比.场源效应受场源高度、信号周期、电阻率、测点距离等的影响.为了能更深入的了解和控制这影响,本文提出了“阻抗平均法”,该方法对消减场源效应有一定作用,使平面波的解释继续有效. 相似文献
10.
从电偶源三维地电断面可控源电磁法的二次电场边值问题及其变分问题出发,采用任意六面体单元对研究区域进行剖分,并且在单元分析中同时对电导率及二次电场进行三线性插值,实现电导率分块连续变化情况下,基于二次场的可控源电磁三维有限元数值模拟.这个新的可控源电磁三维正演方法可以模拟实际勘探中地下任意形状及电性参数连续变化的复杂模型.理论模型的计算结果表明,均匀大地计算的视电阻率误差和相位误差分别为0.002%和0.0005°.分层连续变化模型的有限元计算结果表明,其与对应的分层均匀模型解析结果有明显差异.三维异常体组合模型以及倾斜异常体等复杂模型的有限元计算结果也有效地反映了异常形态. 相似文献
11.
While it is obvious that large-scale gravity studies should account for the sphericity of the Earth, each case should be examined.
If a geometry model is very large for the 3D-gravity calculation, it cannot be correctly defined in Cartesian coordinates.
Because of the Earth’s curvature it is necessary to use spherical coordinates, the importance of which is shown in this paper.
The calculation of the gravity for a cylinder reveals, 1 m above the center of the cylinder, a relative difference of 13%
between the models with Cartesian and spherical coordinates. 相似文献
12.
The spatial distributions of electric fields and currents in the Earth’s atmosphere are calculated. Electric potential distributions
typical of substorms and quiet geomagnetic conditions are specified in the ionosphere. The Earth is treated as a perfect conductor.
The atmosphere is considered as a spherical layer with a given height dependence of electrical conductivity. With the chosen
conductivity model and an ionospheric potential of 300 kV with respect to the Earth, the electric field near the ground is
vertical and reaches 110 Vm−1. With the 60-kV potential difference in the polar cap of the ionosphere, the electric field disturbances with a vertical
component of up to 13 V m−1 can occur in the atmosphere. These disturbances are maximal near the ground. If the horizontal scales of field nonuniformity
are over 100 km, the vertical component of the electric field near the ground can be calculated with the one-dimensional model.
The field and current distributions in the upper atmosphere can be obtained only from the three-dimensional model. The numerical
method for solving electrical conductivity problems makes it possible to take into account conductivity inhomogeneities and
the ground relief. 相似文献
13.
This paper tries to formulate the C-response of geomagnetic depth sounding(GDS)on an Earth model with finite electrical conductivity. The computation is performed in a spherical coordinate system. The Earth is divided into a series of thin spherical shells. The source is approximated by a single spherical harmonic P10 due to the spatial structure of electrical currents in the magnetosphere. The whole solution space is separated into inner and external parts by the Earth surface. Omitting displacement current, the magnetic field in the external space obeys Laplacian equation, while in the inner part, due to the finite conductivity, the electromagnetic fields obey Helmholtz equation. To connect the magnetic fields in the inner and external space, the continuity condition of magnetic fields is used on the Earth surface. The external magnetic fields are expressed by the inner and external source coefficients, from which a new parameter called C-response is computed from the inner coefficient divided by the external coefficient, thus normalizing the actual source strength. The inner magnetic fields in each layer can be recursively derived by the continuity boundary condition of both normal and tangential components of the magnetic field from the initial boundary condition at core-mantle-boundary. The consistency of our C-responses with that from a typical 1-D global model validates the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results also show that the C-response estimated from the geomagnetic transfer function method will deviate exceeding 5%from the actual response at longer periods than about 106s, which means that ignoring the curvature of the Earth at extreme long periods will make inversion result unreliable. Therefore, an accurate C-response should be computed in order to lay a solid foundation for reliable inversion. 相似文献
14.
地震射线追踪方法技术在地震学领域有着较为广泛的应用,然而大多数算法建立在直角坐标系或球坐标系下,实际地球并非完美的球体,而是两极略扁的椭球体,因此,球坐标系下计算结果与真实情况存在一定误差.传统的做法一般是在球坐标系下进行计算,而后进行椭球校正.本文提出了一种直接在椭球体模型中采用分区多步最短路径算法进行多震相地震射线追踪的方法技术,实现了椭球坐标系下多震相地震波射线路径追踪和走时计算.与解析解的对比表明:该算法具有较高的计算精度,适用于任意形状的椭球体,且不需要进行额外的走时校正.数值模拟结果表明,计算所得P波和PcP反射波的走时与AK135走时表的误差小于0.1 s.当震中距较大时,使用球对称模型和椭球体模型计算所得的走时差异显著,说明采用椭球坐标系的必要性. 相似文献
15.
P. S. Martyshko I. V. Ladovskij D. D. Byzov A. I. Chernoskutov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2018,54(4):565-573
Correcting the effects of the sphericity of the Earth in the results of the interpretation of gravimetric data is a topical issue in modern gravimetry. Estimating the error of the gravity field calculations due to the replacement of the spherical Earth model by the plane model is an important part of this problem. In this paper, a method is proposed for transforming the plane density models into spherical ones and vice versa. Algorithms for calculating the vertical component of gravity field for both model types are presented. For two extensive plane models of the Earth’s density, their transformation into spherical models is carried out and the resulting gravity fields are compared. The relative root mean square residuals between the fields calculated with this replacement are at most 5%. 相似文献
16.
The problem of the penetration of nonstationary ionospheric electric fields into the lower atmospheric layers is considered based on the model of the global electric circuit in the Earth’s atmosphere. For the equation of the electric field potential, a solution that takes into account exponential variation in the electrical conductivity with height has been obtained. Analysis of the solution made it possible to reveal three cases of the dependence of the solution on height. The first case (the case of high frequencies) corresponds to the Coulomb approximation, when the electrical conductivity of the atmosphere can be neglected. In the case of low frequencies (when the frequency of changes in the ionosphere potential is less than the quantity reciprocal to the time of electric relaxation of the atmosphere), a quasi-stationary regime, in which the variation in the electric potential of the atmosphere is determined by the electric conduction currents, occurs. In the third case, due to the increase in the electrical conductivity of the atmosphere, two spherical regions appear: with the Coulomb approximation in the lower region and conduction currents in the upper one. For these three cases, formulas for estimating the electric field strength near the Earth’s surface have been obtained. 相似文献
17.
Global SH-wavefield calculation for a two-dimensional whole-Earth model with the parallel hybrid PSM/FDM algorithm 
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下载免费PDF全文 We present a parallel hybrid algorithm based on pseudospectral method (PSM) and finite difference method (FDM) for two-dimensional (2-D) global SH-wavefield simulation. The whole-Earth model is taken as a cross section of spherical Earth, and corresponding wave equations are defined in 2-D cylindrical coordinates. Spatial derivatives in the wave equations are approximated with efficient and high accuracy PSM in the lateral and high-order FDM in the radial direction on staggered grids. This algorithm allows us to divide the whole-Earth into sub-domains in radial direction and implement efficient parallel computing on PC cluster, while retains high accuracy and efficiency of PSM in lateral direction. A transformation of moment tensor between 3-D spherical Earth and our 2-D model was proposed to give corresponding moment tensor components used in 2-D modeling. Comparison of modeling results with those obtained by direct solution method shows very good accuracy of our algorithm. We also demonstrate its feasibility with a lateral heterogeneous whole-Earth model with localized velocity perturbation. 相似文献
18.
地磁测深研究的周期范围通常为10~5~10~7s,缺少反映浅部电性结构的短周期信息,而C-响应受浅部电阻率影响明显,因此本文提出在反演中增加浅部(约200 km)电阻率约束以提高深部反演的稳定性和可靠性.在磁层环状电流满足P_1~0假设的条件下,球坐标系中一维导电薄球层状地球的C-响应和电导率分布关系由边界条件通过递推的方法计算得到.反演采用有限内存拟牛顿(L-BFGS)法;浅部电阻率约束通过将目标函数对模型参数的梯度设为零来实现;通过置信区间分析评价约束反演结果的可靠性.合成数据的无约束反演虽然最终的拟合效果很好,但浅部电阻率受初始模型影响,差异较大;采用浅部约束后,反演结果对初始模型依赖性明显减小,同时还能显著提高200~600 km范围内反演结果的准确性.对全球近地轨道卫星观测的C-响应数据约束反演后结果与前人一致,表现为地幔电导率整体上随着深度的增加而增加.参数置信区间分析表明,由于约束反演加入了浅部信息,电阻率的变化范围更加紧致,说明反演结果更加可靠.因此,有必要通过其他地球物理方法,如长周期大地电磁测深等获得浅部电阻率分布,作为先验信息参加反演,进行浅部约束的C-响应反演,获得更可靠的一维全深度电性结构,为地磁测深数据解释奠定基础. 相似文献
19.
Tensor controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics (CSAMT) can yield information about electric and magnetic fields owing to its multi-transmitter configuration compared with the common scalar CSAMT. The most current theories, numerical simulations, and inversion of tensor CSAMT are based on far-field measurements and the assumption that underground media have isotropic resistivity. We adopt a three-dimensional (3D) staggered-grid finite difference numerical simulation method to analyze the resistivity in axial anisotropic and isotropic media. We further adopt the limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (LBFGS) method to perform 3D tensor CSAMT axial anisotropic inversion. The inversion results suggest that when the underground structure is anisotropic, the isotropic inversion will introduce errors to the interpretation. 相似文献