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1.
Polychaetes are suitable organisms for evaluation of impact of sediment pollution. We evaluated toxicity of cadmium and copper and measured metallothionein-like proteins (MTLPs) in the polychaete Perinereis nuntia. At the same concentration ranges copper was unexpectedly more toxic than cadmium. Copper also caused no significant increase in MTLPs in the polychaetes. When P. nuntia and another polychaete species, Cirratulus cirratus were cultured in the contaminated sediments collected from Lake Sihwa (Korea), a high mortality of 80% was observed on day 6 in P. nuntia in the sediment with the highest metal concentration. However, no mortality was observed up to 35 days in C. cirratus in any sediment. MTLP contents between two species also varied. These findings suggest that MTLP induction response in the polychaetes varies with the metal type and species and it may be used as a biomarker of sediment pollution in the polychaetes after further validation and field trials.  相似文献   

2.
Concentrations of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in bivalves collected in the Upper Gulf of Thailand. PAHs detected included acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, methylphenanthrene, phenanthrene and triphenylene. Benzo[a]pyrene was detected in all species at concentrations varying from 1.0 to 8.2 ng·g?1. Concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead and nickel were significantly lower in bivalves from the Gulf than in green mussels collected from the mouth of the Chao Phraya River. No correlation was found between metal concentrations in animals and sediment, with the exception of copper. Copper concentrations in polychaetes and clams appeared to correlate with the copper:iron ratio of sediments. High rates of degradation were observed when radiolabelled chlorobenzene, phenanthrene and chrysene were added to water and sediment of the Chao Phraya River. Rates were lower in the waters and sediment of the Gulf of Thailand. The calculated half-lives of chlorobenzene in the Gulf of Thailand and the Chao Phraya River were about 130 and 68 days, respectively.  相似文献   

3.
Coastal reclamation and modifications are extensively carried out in Bahrain, which may physically smother the coastal and subtidal habitats resulting in changes to abundance and distribution of macrobenthic assemblages. A microcosm laboratory experiment using three common macrobenthic invertebrates from a proposed reclaimed coastal area was preformed to examine their responses to mud burial using marine sediment collected from a designated borrow area. Significant difference in numbers of survived organisms between control and experimental treatments with a survival percentage of 41.8% for all of the selected species was observed. The polychaete Perinereis nuntia showed the highest percentage of survival (57.1%) followed by the bivalve Tellinavaltonis (42.3%) and the gastropod Cerithidea cingulata (24.0%). Quantifying species responses to sediment burial resulted from dredging and reclamation will aid in predicting the expected ecological impacts associated with coastal developments and subsequently minimizing these impacts and maintaining a sustainable use of coastal and marine ecosystems in the Arabian Gulf.  相似文献   

4.
Fate and effect of copper and cadmium on the degradation of chitin were studied in sediment microcosms. Artificial sediment was spiked with metals, and metal partitioning between sediment components, overlying water and bacteria was described. Most of the added metals were bound to sediment particles. Remarkable metal enrichments were found on Fe-oxide, Mn-oxide, and chitin. In sediments containing the nominal concentration of 100 mg/kg Cu, the chitin-degrading bacteria Cytophaga johnsonae showed a significant decrease in N-acetylglucoseaminidase activity. Toxicity of copper was attributed to free ions in the overlying water. The bacteria were more sensitive to copper than to cadmium. Inhibitory effects of cadmium were primarily caused by sediment-associated cadmium.  相似文献   

5.
The intertidal bivalve mollusc Macoma balthica shows potential as an indicator of oil pollution. In experiments designed to simulate stranding of an oil slick on a mudflat, a significant increase in mortality of this species was found to accompany increasing concentration of petroleum in sediment and increasing duration of exposure.  相似文献   

6.
In order to refine the utilization of Mytilus edulis as a pollution indicator species, the relationship between cadmium concentration and mussel body weight was investigated at different sites in the Estuary and Gulf of the St. Lawrence. Our data show that the regression coefficients become considerably more variable when animals enter adulthood and that the variations are probably related to biochemical changes occurring during the sexual cycle. A substantial improvement of the applicability of mussels for monitoring marine pollution can be achieved by using only immature animals. This should reduce the influence of metabolism on the metal content of mussels and thereby give a more precise indication of ambiant pollution levels.  相似文献   

7.
A knowledge of the natural population fluctuations of two polychaetes Scolelepis fuliginosa and Capitella capitata during a yearly cycle, and a study of the mortality of both species submitted in vitro to the combined action of an increase in temperature and detergents showed that the mortality rate in situ and in vitro was identical for the two species when exposed to a similar combination of deleterious factors.  相似文献   

8.
The sediments of rivers draining areas of past mining activity in the Isle of Man contained greatly enhanced levels of zinc, lead and, to a lesser extent, copper and cadmium. This contamination extended into the estuarine harbours where it was reflected in the metal content of four species of bivalve molluscs. Of the latter, Mytilus edulis was the most useful indicator species in that it occurred in all five estuarine harbours but Scrobicularia plana, although of more limited distribution, concentrated much higher levels of zinc and lead. Individual variation of metal levels was high in all species of bivalves examined; a negative correlation of dry weight: metal content was demonstrated in many cases, but other factors may also contribute to such variation.  相似文献   

9.
The possible seasonal variation in the trace metal content of the mollusc Mytilus edulis has been studied by analysing cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel and zinc in 560 individuals collected from the same mussel bed over a period of two years. A clearly discernible effect of size on metal concentration was detected. However, no seasonal trends could be seen in the data.  相似文献   

10.
Gravel sediment freshly enriched with over 4.4 μg Cu g?1 significantly increased the burrowing and reburrowing times of Littleneck marine clams (Protothaca staminea). Abnormal burrowing behaviour was observed with time-lapse video. Aged (1 day) copper-enriched sediment did not affect clam burrowing time. Copper in sediment porewater declined three days after sediment enrichment to background levels without change in total sediment copper. In a long-term experiment, clams with increased burrowing time into copper-enriched sediment had up to 25% mortality after 12–29 days burial in the sediment. The majority of clam mortality was found in clams burrowing within the first 48 h. Over 7 weeks there was blackening of sediment and clam shells proportional to sediment copper enrichment.  相似文献   

11.
Lakes are sensitive ecosystems and respond quickly to any natural or anthropogenic contamination,particularly in urban areas due to poor planning and mismanagement in urban settlement, encroachment, and anthropogenic pollution. In the current study, water and sediment geochemistry are used along with available time series of geospatial data sets to assess: a) provenance and sources of pollution in the lake sediment and water, b) health risk using various sediment and water quality indices, and c...  相似文献   

12.
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13.
This study examined the interactive effects of copper and elevated temperature and subsequent depuration on Platygyra acuta coral larvae. Larval mortality and motility were significantly affected by copper alone (70% and 100% inhibition respectively). Their respective lethal/inhibitory concentration (LC50/IC50) were 10–130% and 86–193% higher than those reported for other larvae. Temperature (ambient, 27 °C and elevated, 30 °C) alone and the combination of temperature and copper did not significantly affect both endpoints. This study provides the first quantitative data on depuration effect on resumption of larval motility after copper exposure, although no sign of larval recovery was observed. These findings suggest that the effects of copper pollution outweigh the thermal tolerance of coral larvae. High LC50 and IC50 recorded may be unique for corals from marginal reefs like Hong Kong which have already been exposed to high levels of copper pollution.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) embryos, bay mussel (Mytilus edulis Linnaeus) embryos, and Dungeness crab (Cancer magister Dana) zoea I stage larvae were exposed to arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, and zinc salts. The two bivalve species were exposed through the completion of embryogenesis (48 h), and the effects of the metals upon abnormal development were monitored. The crab larval stages were exposed to the metal solutions for 96 h. Concentrations (μg l.?1 as metal) which caused 50% abnormal development in the two species of bivalve larvae and which were fatal to 50% of the crab larvae ranged from 5.3 (oyster) to 49 (crab) for copper; 5.8 (mussel) to 8.2 (crab) for mercury; 14 (mussel) to 55 (crab) for silver; 119 (oyster) to 456 (crab) for zinc; 232 (crab) to 3000 (mussel) for arsenic; 247 (crab) to 1200 (mussel) for cadmium; 349 (oyster) to 4360 (crab) for nickel; 476 (mussel) to 758 (oyster) for lead; 3440 (crab) to 4538 (oyster) for hexavalent chromium; and selenium greater than 10 000 for the three species. The acute toxicity testing of C. gigas embryo together with two California native species confirmed its usefulness for predicting toxicity to the latter species.  相似文献   

16.
Copper-based antifoulant paints and the sea lice treatment Slice® are widely used, and often detectable in the sediments beneath farms where they are administered. Ten-day, whole sediment mesocosm experiments were conducted to examine how increasing sediment concentrations of copper or Slice® influenced final water column concentrations of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate + nitrite-nitrogen (NOX-N) and phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) in the presence of the non-target, benthic organisms Corophium volutator and Hediste diversicolor. Nominal sediment concentrations of copper and Slice® had significant effects on the resulting concentrations of almost all nutrients examined. The overall trends in nutrient concentrations at the end of the 10-day incubations were highly similar between the trials with either copper or Slice®, irrespective of the invertebrate species present. This suggests that nutrient exchange from the experimental sediments was primarily influenced by the direct effect of copper/Slice® dose on the sediment microbial community, rather than the indirect effect of reduced bioturbation/irrigation due to increased macrofaunal mortality.  相似文献   

17.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(5-12):277-286
To evaluate the superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes as a potential indicator of environmental stress, we cloned and sequenced the full-length cDNA of a Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD genes from the marine polychaete, Neanthes succinea. Ns-Cu/Zn- and Mn-SOD expression was measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR in response to the oxidative stress induced by copper in the form of CuCl2. Ns-Cu/Zn-SOD expression increased in a dose dependent manner but the increase of Mn-SOD expression was evident only at a high concentration of copper. Particularly, Ns-Mn-SOD dramatically increased in the 72 μg/L CuCl2-exposed groups, indicating that both Ns-SOD genes were induced by copper exposure. These results suggest that Ns-Cu/Zn- and Ns-Mn-SOD would play important roles in the detoxification of cellular oxidative stresses in the polychaete, N. succinea. Furthermore, as part of field work, the marine polychaete, N. succinea Cu/Zn-SOD mRNA collected from the polluted area was accordingly upregulated in expression but not for NS-Mn-SOD.  相似文献   

18.
Twelve trace elements (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, managenese, mercury, scandium, selenium and zinc) were determined by neutron activation analysis in a planktonic copepod (Acartia clausi) from Elefsis Bay of the Upper Saronikos Gulf, Greece. During the first cruise (January 1974) higher levels of most of these trace elements were found in this copepod collected from a polluted area of the bay. This trend however was not observed during the second cruise (February 1974) possibly due to the termination of the active vertical convection. Lower levels of cobalt, similar levels of iron and slightly increased levels of chromium were found in Elefsis Bay Acartia clausi from those reportedin Acartia clausi from the Bay of Roquebrune. Slightly increased concentrations of antimony and zinc as well as lower concentrations of arsenic and cadmium were found in Acartia clausi than those reported in other Copepoda. No significant differences were found for copper, manganese and mercury. More data are needed to confirm if higher levels of antimony, chromium and zinc found in Acartia clausi are due to the pollution of the bay.  相似文献   

19.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,85(1-2):115-124
To investigate the effects of Spartina alterniflora on heavy metals pollution of intertidal sediments, sediment cores of a S. alterniflora salt marsh and a mudflat in Bohai Bay, China were analyzed. The results showed that S. alterniflora caused higher total C and P, but lower bulk density and electrical conductivity. The levels of Cd, Cu and Pb were higher in S. alterniflora sediment. Both Cd and Zn were higher than the probable effect level at both sites, indicating their toxicological importance. The geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk indexes revealed higher metal contamination in S. alterniflora sediment. Multivariate analysis implied that anthropogenic activities altered mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals. The percentage of mobile heavy metals was higher in S. alterniflora sediment, indicating improvement of conversion from the immobilized fraction to the mobilized fraction. These findings indicate that S. alterniflora may facilitate accumulation of heavy metals and increase their bioavailability and mobility.  相似文献   

20.
River water and sediment embody environmental characteristics that give valuable eco-environmental information.Due to rapid industrialization,the aquatic environment of any urban river can be seriously polluted by heavy metals（HMs）.The global concern is caused by heavy metal pollution because of its potential harm to aquatic ecosystems and human health.In the Bhairab River,Bangladesh,surface sediment concentrations of globally alarming toxic metals such as arsenic（As）,chromium（Cr）,cadmium（Cd）,an...  相似文献   

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