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1.
We consider the evolution of a neutron star binary system under the effect of two factors: gravitational radiation and mass transfer between the components. Gravitational radiation is specified under the justified assumption of a circular orbit and point masses and in the approximation of a weak gravitational field at nonrelativistic velocities of the binary components. During the first evolutionary phase determined only by gravitational radiation, the neutron stars approach each other according to a simple analytical solution. The second evolutionary phase begins at the time of Roche-lobe filling by the low-mass component, when the second factor, mass transfer as a result of mass loss by the latter, also begins to affect the evolution. Under the simplest assumptions of conservative mass transfer and exact equality between the Roche-lobe radius and the radius of the low-mass neutron star, it is still possible to extend the analytical solution of the problem of evolution to its second phase. We present this complete solution at both phases and, in particular, give theoretical light curves of gravitational radiation that depend only on two dimensionless parameters (m t and δ 0). Based on the solution found, we analyze the theoretical gravitational signals from SN 1987A; this analysis includes the hypothesis about the rotational explosion mechanism for collapsing supernovae.  相似文献   

2.
The pulse-period distribution of binary X-ray pulsars has been considered. A gap in this distribution, in the period rangeP10 s toP100s has been explained in terms of the character of mass transfer in the X-ray binary systems. It is shown that this gap arises because the rotating magnetised neutron stars in these systems are slowed down by accretion torques, either toP10 s when the mass transfer is by means of Roche-lobe overflow in low mass binaries, or toP100 s by stellar winds in massive binaries. The gap is maintained as the slow pulsars (P>100 s) in their spin-up phase cross the gap in a time short compared to their life-time, because of the increase in mass transfer with the evolution of the normal star.  相似文献   

3.
Four color light curves of the EW type eclipsing binary V441 Lac were presented and analyzed by the W–D code. It is found that V441 Lac is an extremely low mass ratio (q = 0.093±0.001) semi-detached binary with the less massive secondary component filling the inner Roche lobe. Two dark spots on the primary component were introduced to explain the asymmetric light curves. By analyzing all times of light minimum, we determined that the orbital period of V441 Lac is continuously increasing at a rate of dP/dt = 5.874(±0.007) × 10?7 d yr?1. The semi-detached Algol type configuration of V441 Lac is possibly formed by a contact configuration destroyed shallow contact binary due to mass transfer from the less massive component to the more massive one predicted by the thermal relaxation oscillation theory.  相似文献   

4.
The photoelectric observations of the neglected binary AV Hya published by Srivastava and Kandpal (1980) have been re-analyzed using Wilson-Devinney's synthetic light-curve program. The binary turns out to be a near-contact semi-detached system. The primary, more massive, more luminous and greater component, eclipsed at primary minimum, is detached from its Roche lobe (85%). The secondary fills its Roche lobe and has a temperature difference of T=,-3414 K. As with other semi-detached binaries, the secondary is more evolved than that of the primary. Thetimes of light minima of the eclipsing have been analyzed,showing that the orbital period of AV Hya undergoes acontinuous decrease with a rate of dP/dE=-8.26×10-8 day/year. The mass transfer between the twocomponents can not explain the present orbital period variationsince the secondary component is filling the Roche lobe. Theorbital period change demonstrates that the system may undergoa secular mass and angular momentum loss and the system mayevolve from the present short-period near-contact system intoan A-type contact binary.  相似文献   

5.
Evolution of close binaries is investigated in which the more massive component has a mass of 5m and reaches the Roche limit when hydrogen is burning in its convective core. It is shown that a large-scale mass transfer occurs, during which the initial primary develops into a contact subgiant or giant, and the mass ratio is reversed or more than reversed.Although the process and its outcome depend on the initial conditions, in particular on the degree of chemical inhomogeneity in the interior of the primary component, the picture of evolution is essentially the same. We can distinguish and describe quantitatively the following phases: (1) Premain-sequence contraction, when the less massive component is an undersize subgiant. (2) Both components are on the main sequence. (3) Rapid mass exchange, when the roles of the components are interchanged. (4) Slow mass transfer, when the system is semi-detached; this phase is typical for the Algol-like binaries. Further evolution depends on the rate of evolution of the components: either we get another phase with an undersize subgiant, or a complicated system in which both stars lose mass. Probabilities of discovery are calculated for the various phases of evolution.The paper is based on the calculations of stellar models with decreasing mass by means of Henyey's method.  相似文献   

6.
By the method proposed by Nazarenko (1993) and using observational data obtained by different authors, the physical conditions in the stream in the neighbourhood of the inner Lagrangian point L1 were calculated for three interacting binary systems of W Ser-type: β Lyr, V367 Cyg, RY Sct. It is shown, that as a result of the evolutional expansion of the mass losing component the deep layers of its atmosphere reach the neighbourhood of the first Lagrangian point L1 and a stream of axial symmetric shape is formed. Its radius is comparable to the dimension of the mass losing component. The rate of the mass transfer increases up to 10−5 M⊙/yr. The calculated parameters of the stream in the neighbourhood of the point L1 explain the main observational properties of the investigated systems (existence of extended circumstellar matter with a developed structure, high mass transfer rate).  相似文献   

7.
Complete BV(RI)c photometry for the contact binary LP UMa was derived on 2015 February 23 using the 1.0 m telescope at Weihai Observatory of Shandong University. By compiling 66 newly determined times of light minimum with those published in the literature, we investigated the orbital period variation of this binary star. A possible cyclic variation, with a period of 14.84 years and an amplitude of 0.0031 days, was discovered to be superimposed on a long-term period increase (9.32 s century−1). The highest rate of orbital period increase was confirmed, which can be explained by the mass transfer from the less massive component to the more massive one. The cyclic period oscillation was possibly caused by the light travel time effect due to the presence of a third body. The multiple light curves were simultaneously analysed using the W-D program. It was found that LP UMa has a mass ratio of q=0.331, a contact degree of f=7.9%, and the temperature difference between the two components was only about 90 K, which are quite different with the previous results. A hot spot on the primary component was employed to explain the asymmetric light curve of this binary.  相似文献   

8.
First CCD photometry is presented for the eclipsing binary VZ Trianguli, observed at the Sheshan Station of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory in 2008. Using the Wilson–Devinney Code, the photometric solution of VZ Tri was first deduced from the R-band observations. The results show that VZ Tri is an A-subtype late-type contact binary, with a mass ratio of q=0.350(±0.004) and a low contact degree of f=27.9%(±1.0%). Based on all available light minimum times covering over 40 years, it is found that the orbital period shows a long-term decrease at a rate of dP/dt=−1.52(±0.03)×10−7 d yr−1, suggesting that VZ Tri is undergoing mass transfer from the more massive component to the less massive component, accompanied with angular momentum loss. With period decreasing, the inner and outer critical Roche lobes will shrink, and then cause the contact degree to increase. Therefore, the weak-contact binary VZ Tri with decreasing period may evolve into a deep-contact configuration.  相似文献   

9.
We present here the photometric light curve analyses of the eclipsing binary star DN Aur. The CCD photometry, performed at the Behlen observatory using the 0.76 m automated telescope gave 646 individual data points inV andR bandpass filters. From this data we have determined a new epoch and an orbital period of 0.6168891 days. The published spectral classification is F3.The Wilson-Devinney model was used to derive the photometric solutions. DN Aur is a W UMa type contact binary system. The mass ratio, (q=m 2/m 10.210, where star 2 is eclipsed at the primary minimum) suggests that the system has A-type configuration. The computed light curve has a third light of about 22 percent and a total eclipse in the secondary minimum. A solution with a cool spot on the secondary component is also found. We recommend spectroscopic study of DN Aur even though the light curve analysis show it to be a single line spectroscopic system. Generally contact systems of spectral type F3 have periods ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 days. The longer period of DN Aur suggests that it is an evolved contact system with case A mass transfer.  相似文献   

10.
V. P. Grinin 《Astrophysics》2000,43(4):446-457
A young binary system is considered, having a mass ratio of components M 2/M 1 1, in which the low-velocity part of the stellar wind of the low-mass component (the so-called disk wind) can be partially captured by the gravitation of the primary component. It is shown that a large-scale redistribution of matter and angular momentum between the inner and outer parts of the gas-dust disk surrounding the binary system occurs as a result, with a consequent increase in the rate of accretion onto the primary component. In cases in which the orbital eccentricity of the secondary component is nonzero, modulation of the rate of accretion onto the primary component should be observed with a period equal to the orbital period, while in the case of a highly elongated orbit the mass accretion acquires a pulsed character. Since dust may be present in the disk wind from the secondary component, the capture of stellar wind will result in an increase in the effective geometrical thickness of the gas-dust disk. For this reason, the infrared (IR) emission excesses of such stars (especially in the near-IR range) and their intrinsic polarization can be considerably greater than in the case of a single star surrounded by a circumstellar disk of the same mass, and a periodic component may also be present in their behavior with time. Moreover, because of disruption of the axial symmetry in the dust distribution in the vicinity of the young binary system, the orbital period may also be present in its brightness variations. The role of these effects in the physics of young stars is discussed.  相似文献   

11.
The remaining core hydrogen burning lifetime after case B of mass transfer of the secondary (mass gaining) component in a medium mass close binary star is estimated, for mediummass binaries with primaries in the mass range 5M to 9M . From the comparison of this quantity with the helium burning time-scale of the remnant primary a critical mass ratioq c is derived such that for larger values ofq, mass transfer from the secondary towards the primary starts before the latter has evolved into a white dwarf. Consequences for the advanced stages of medium mass binaries are discussed.  相似文献   

12.
The orbital period variations of the Algol-type semidetached binary UW Vir are analyzed. It is shown that in addition to a long-term rapid increase (dP/dt = + 1.37 × 10−6 day/year), its orbit period has a variation with the period of 62.3 years. Based on the basic physical parameters given by Brancewicz and Dworak in 1980, the physical mechanisms causing the orbital period variations are investigated. The analysis indicates that the periodical variation of orbital period can be interpreted by the light-travel time effect due to the presence of a third body with the mass of M3 ≥ 0.94 M. As no observational information has been reported for this tertiary component, it might be a compact object (e.g., a white dwarf). The long-term increase of orbital period can be explained in terms of the mass transfer from the secondary to the primary component (dM2/dt = 1.43 × 10−7 M/year). This is in agreement with the semidetached configuration of the system with a lobe-filling secondary component. But according to the evolution theory of binaries, the Algol-type semidetached binary UW Vir should be at the evolutionary stage of slow mass transfer on the nuclear-reaction timescale of the secondary component. However, the analysis shows that the timescale for the periodical variation of orbital period is much shorter than the nuclear-reaction timescale of the secondary component, but close to the thermodynamic timescale of the secondary. This reveals that: (1) This binary system is at the evolutionary stage of rapid mass transfer on the thermodynamic timescale of the secondary component; or (2) The circumstellar matter of the system makes a contribution to the rapid increase of orbital period via the angular momentum transfer.  相似文献   

13.
We investigate the effect of asymmetric supernova explosions on the orbital parameters of binary systems with a compact component. We relate such explosions to the origin of binary pulsars. The degree of asymmetry of the explosion is represented by the kick velocity gained by the exploding star due to the asymmetric mass ejection. The required kick velocity to produce the observed parameters of the binary pulsar PSR 1913+16 should be larger than 80 km s–1 if the mass of the exploding star is larger than 4M . We examine the mean survival probability of the binary system (<f>) for various degrees of asymmetry in the explosion. The rare occurrence of a binary pulsar does not necessarily imply that such a probability is low since not all pulsars have originated in a binary system. Assuming the birth rate of pulsars derived by Taylor and Manchester (1977), we derive that <f> would be as high as 0.25. Such values of <f> can be obtained if the mass of the exploding stars is, in general, not large (10M ).  相似文献   

14.
This paper presents charge-couple device (CCD) photometric observations for the eclipsing binary AW UMa. The V-band light curve in 2007 was analyzed using the 2003 version of the Wilson–Devinney code. It is confirmed that AW UMa is a total eclipsing binary with a higher degree of contact f=80.2% and a lower mass ratio of q=0.076. From the (O−C) curve, the orbital period shows a continuous period decrease at a rate of dP/dt=−2.05×10−7 d yr−1. The long-term period decrease suggested that AW UMa is undergoing the mass transfer from the primary component to the secondary one, accompanied by angular momentum loss due to mass outflow L 2. Weak evidence indicates that there exists a cyclic variation with a period of 17.6 yr and a small amplitude of A=0. d 0019, which may be attributed to the light-time effect via the third body. If the existence of an additional body is true, it may remove a great amount of angular momentum from the central system. For this kind of contact binary, as the orbital period decreases, the shrinking of the inner and outer critical Roche lobes will cause the contact degree f to increase. Finally, this kind of binary will merge into a single rapid-rotation star.  相似文献   

15.
The evolution of close binary systems was followed for ten systems with the initial mass of the primary in the range 1–4M and with different initial mass ratios and initial separations. A brief discussion of the evolution of the contact component is presented for two separate cases: when the primary reaches its Roche lobe during central hydrogen burning (case A) and after the exhaustion of hydrogen in the center (case B).The models obtained are compared with observed semi-detached systems separately for massive (with total mass greater than 5M ) and low mass (with total mass below 4M ) binaries. It is shown that the contact components of the observed massive binaries are probably burning hydrogen in the core. On the contrary, the majority of contact components of the observed low-mass binaries are burning hydrogen in the shell. The observed distribution of such binaries as a function of different luminosity excesses of contact components seems to indicate that their origin is connected with case A rather than with case B.  相似文献   

16.
Photometric data of the new discovered binary GSC3658-0076 observed by [González-Rojas et al.: 2003, IBVS, No. 5437.] were analyzed using the latest Wilson-Devinney code. The system turns out to be a detached binary system with the primary component almost filling its Roche lobe, while the secondary one is detached from the critical Roche lobe. According to the mass-radius relation of unevolved (ZAMS) detached binaries given by [Demircan and Kahraman: 1991, Ap&SS 181, 313.], the primary component is more evolved. These properties reveal that GSC3658-0076 may be at the beginning of the mass transfer phase and may evolve from the present detached system into a contact binary or be in the broken-contact phase predicted by TRO theory.  相似文献   

17.
The published photometric and spectroscopic data of the symbiotic binary V 1329 Cyg are interpreted. It is shown, that V 1329 Cyg is an eclipsing binary with an elliptical orbit orbit (e=0.28). The cooler component fills up the Roche-lobe at periastron. A model of moving gaseous structures in the system is proposed and their influence on the radial velocity curve is shown. The following characteristics of the system are derived: the cooler component is an M6 giant with mass 7.9M , radius 339R and luminosityM bol=–5.42, the hot component is a white dwarf surrounded by an accretion disk. The mean distance between the components is 842R and in periastron it decreases to 605R .  相似文献   

18.
We define adegree of contact index,I c, and give its frequency diagram for 16 early-type close binaries. The eventual objective is to see whether the numbers of such systems are continuous or discontinuous across marginal contact. Data for four of the systems-TU Mus, V499 Sco, Pic, and SZ Cam-are from new photometric analyses, whose results are also given. Present results suggest that there is continuity in frequency across marginal contact, although one would like to include more binaries as further observations become available. An interesting point is that the only two systems in the bin of largestI c are known to be in the rapid phase of mass transfer.  相似文献   

19.
AK Herculis is a contact binary of spectral class F with a number of obvious peculiarities such as a displacement of secondary eclipse from phase 0 . P 500, unequal heights of the maxima, and a possibly sinusoidal (60 yr) period variation. The light curve is variable and shows erratic short-term behavior, although the latter effects are not unusual for a short period contact binary. Here we present new photoelectric light curves in theB andV passbands and derive several new times of minima. The new observations are compared graphically with seven earlier light curves. We analyzed the new observations and those by Bookmyer (1972) by the method of differential corrections. We find that the temperature difference between components is too large (1000 K) for AK Her to be considered a normal W UMa-system, but too small to allow a detached configuration obeying the mass-luminosity law. The solutions of both series of observations clearly indicate a contact configuration. Other unusual findings include a bolometric albedo greater than 2, and rather low values for the limb-darkening coefficients. We offer some possible reasons for these peculiarities. The mass ratio seems well determined from the photometry and is about 0.26, which is much lower than assumed in most earlier papers. The brightness and color of the known visual companion, ADS 10408B, were found by the differential corrections program. They agree, within observational error, with values found directly at the 200-in. telescope by Eggen, despite the fact that the B component contributes only a few percent of the light of the multiple system. The suggestion by Schmidt and Herczeg (1959) that a fourth body is responsible for the sinusoidal period variation seems stronger now than when first proposed. To encourage a search for this hypothetical component, we have tabulated expected values for its angular separation and relative mass with respect to the eclipsing pair, as well as the amplitude of the expected variable proper motion of the eclipsing pair. Discovery as a visual component seems impossible with present means, but the variable proper motion should be detectable. Thus we suggest that ADS 10408A (AK Her) be observed astrometrically. If a search for the predicted variable proper motion proves negative, mass transfer would remain the only plausible mechanism to explain the period change. We advance a different reason than did Schmidt and Herczeg to explain the phase lag of secondary eclipse.  相似文献   

20.
The H profile in the spectrum of Orionis shows phase-dependent changes, with a period of variation equal to the orbital period fo the binary system. The profile shape changes from a normal absorption profile at zero phase to a P Cygni-type at a later phase, to an absorption profile having emission at the centre of the profile, to a normal absorption profile at the end of the period. The spectra have been obtained at the Cassegrain focus of Kavalur Observatory telescopes (50 and 100 cm) at 17.2 Å mm–1 reciprocal dispersion and resolution 0.3 Å at 6562.817 Å. Assuming that the P Cygni profile is formed by a spherically-symmetrical region, the analysis gives a shell radius of 2.18 stellar radius and an electron density in the shell equal to 6.54×10–9 cm–3, with the observed expansion velocity of 50 km/s–1, a mass loss of 1.3×10–7 M per year.An analysis has been carried on the radial velocity data of earlier observers and the present radial velocity data. It is found that the orbital elements change. The presence of apsidal motion is confirmed by the increasing value of . The radial velocity of the centre of mass, , shows periodic variation. These observations confirm the presence of a third body. The values ofK (mean amplitude),P (period),a sini, and mass functionf(m), indicate a regular decrease, thereby confirming the mass transfer/mass loss from the system.  相似文献   

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