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1.
A method for seismic design of plane steel moment resisting frames based on the use of equivalent modal damping ratios is developed. The method determines the design base shear of the structure through spectrum analysis using rationally obtained equivalent modal damping ratios instead of the crude strength reduction (behavior) factor. An equivalent linear structure, which retains the mass and initial stiffness of the original non-linear structure and takes into account geometrical non-linearity and inelasticity in the form of equivalent, time-invariant, modal damping ratios is established. The equivalent damping ratios for the first few significant modes are numerically computed by first iteratively forming a frequency response transfer function modulus until it satisfies certain smoothness criteria and then by solving a set of non-linear algebraic equations. Thus, design equations providing equivalent damping ratios as functions of period and allowable deformation and damage are constructed using extensive numerical data coming from plane steel moment resisting frames excited by various seismic motions. These equations can be used in conjunction with a design spectrum, appropriately constructed for high damping values, and modal synthesis tools to calculate the seismic design forces of the structure. The proposed method is illustrated by numerical examples. It is concluded that unlike the usual approach of seismic codes employing a single common value of the strength reduction factor value for all modes, the proposed approach working with deformation and damage dependent equivalent modal damping ratios leads to more accurate and deformation and damage controlled results. 相似文献
2.
Rakesh K. Goel 《地震工程与结构动力学》2001,30(9):1399-1416
This study investigated the effects of neglecting off‐diagonal terms of the transformed damping matrix on the seismic response of non‐proportionally damped asymmetric‐plan systems with the specific aim of identifying the range of system parameters for which this simplification can be used without introducing significant errors in the response. For this purpose, a procedure is presented in which modal damping ratios computed by neglecting off‐diagonal terms of the transformed damping matrix are used in the traditional modal analysis. The effects of the simplification are evaluated first by comparing the aforementioned modal damping ratios with the apparent damping ratios obtained from the complex‐valued eigenanalysis. The variation of a parameter that was defined by Warburton and Soni as an indicator of the errors introduced by the simplification is examined next. Finally, edge deformations obtained from the simplified procedure are compared with those obtained from the direct integration of the equations of motion. It is found that the simplified procedure may be used without introducing significant errors in response for most practical values of the system parameters. Furthermore, estimates of the edge deformations, in general, tend to be on the conservative side. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
针对现有附加有效阻尼比计算方法存在的问题,本文从能量的角度揭示了阻尼比对结构影响的机理.从结构设计的角度,提出一种在时程分析下基于楼层剪力的消能减震结构等效阻尼比计算方法.对布置黏滞阻尼器和软钢阻尼器的消能减震模型,采用本文提出的等效阻尼比计算方法,建立等效结构进行结构响应对比.结果表明,由该计算方法得到的等效阻尼比能... 相似文献
4.
混合结构的阻尼矩阵不满足经典阻尼条件,导致传统的模态叠加法无法适用。复阻尼理论无法适用于时域计算,其自由振动响应中存在发散现象。针对混合结构的阻尼矩阵非比例性和复阻尼理论的时域发散性,基于频域等效原则构建了求解Rayleigh阻尼系数的数学优化模型,进而得到与复阻尼理论等效的Rayleigh阻尼运动方程。算例分析表明:依据位移时程响应和结构等效阻尼比可证明Rayleigh阻尼运动方程的正确性。基于本文研究成果,等效复阻尼理论的混合结构Rayleigh阻尼运动方程可直接采用模态叠加法,结合其确定的结构等效阻尼比,为混合结构的振型分解反应谱法提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
The damping reduction factors are used in a few building codes in order to estimate the elastic response spectrum with high damping ratios from its 5%‐damped counterpart. At present, much research regarding this factor has been published. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of five different models of damping reduction factors. In addition, the damping reduction factors adopted in the recent U.S.A. seismic codes are also evaluated. Statistical studies are carried out according to a total of 216 earthquake ground motions recorded on firm sites in California. Considered here are elastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems with natural vibrating periods between 0.1 and 6.0 s. Mean ratios and dispersion of approximate to exact maximum elastic displacement demands corresponding to various damping reduction factors are computed as functions of the natural vibrating period and the viscous damping ratio. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
复阻尼地震反应谱的计算方法及其它 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
本文阐述了为什么要研究复阻尼地震反应谱问题,并给出了复阻尼地震反应谱计算的精确方法．实例计算结果表明,复阻尼反应港与常用的粘性阻尼反应谱之间存在着相当大的差异．文中还简述了复阻尼系统运动方程的建立方法。 相似文献
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8.
目前时程分析选波常采用目标谱法,即选择反应谱与目标谱有较好匹配的地震波,条件均值谱(CMS)已成为目前国内外广受关注及认可的目标谱。通常的CMS是基于5%阻尼比建立的,当结构阻尼比并非5%时,则需要对CMS进行阻尼修正。本文旨在建立1种CMS阻尼修正方法和计算公式,以便于不同阻尼比结构抗震时程分析的选波工作。以美国SAC Steel Project计划提出的针对洛杉矶地区设计的9层抗弯钢框架为场地和结构实例,建立了3种地震危险性水平(50年超越概率50%、10%和2%)下2%阻尼比的CMS目标谱,并进行了时程分析地震波选择及结构反应的计算。研究表明:提出的CMS的阻尼修正方法可不受衰减关系影响,适用的阻尼比范围(0.5%~30%)及周期范围(0.01s^10s)均较广泛,可用于各种类型的结构的抗震分析。 相似文献
9.
Hilbert-Huang变换在密频结构阻尼识别中的应用 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
Hilbert—Huang变换是一种新的数据处理方法，由经验模分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition)技术及Hilbert变换两部分组成。本文研究此方法对于密频结构阻尼识别的应用。首先对于两自由度系统模型，说明该方法用于阻尼识别的步骤。进而研究存在频率密集现象的高层建筑的阻尼识别问题。上述结果与理论值及由半功率带宽法的识别值进行了比较，对比显示Hilbert．Huang方法较传统方法具有良好的识别密频结构阻尼的性能，适用于大型结构的系统识别。 相似文献
10.
结构弹塑性反应可用等效线性化方法中的等效刚度和等效阻尼比进行计算。为研究钢筋混凝土剪力墙的等效刚度和等效阻尼比,通过分析剪力墙的力-位移简化四折线滞回模型,推导了其屈服点和峰值点的等效刚度、等效周期和等效阻尼比的计算公式。为验证其准确性和适用性,采用提出的峰值点等效刚度、等效阻尼比公式和FEMA 440建议的公式,分别计算了42片钢筋混凝土剪力墙试件的等效刚度和等效阻尼比,并进行了对比分析。结果表明:提出的计算公式和FEMA 440建议的公式所得到的等效周期和等效阻尼比值与试验值比较吻合,因此,所提出的计算剪力墙的等效周期和等效阻尼比的公式较为合理。 相似文献
11.
基于日本KiK-Net、K-Net地震台网和太平洋地震工程中心（PEER）的14 713条地震动记录,比较了俯冲带地区浅壳上地幔地震、板内地震和板间地震的水平向地震动加速度反应谱阻尼修正系数（DMF）和位移反应谱阻尼修正系数（DMF）的差异,并进行了5%置信水平下的假设检验,探究了俯冲带地区不同地震类型对DMF的影响。结果显示:在大多数谱周期,不同地震类型的DMF存在统计意义上的显著差异;在低阻尼比中短周期时,加速度谱DMF和位移谱DMF基本相同;在高阻尼比长周期时,不同地震类型的加速度谱DMF差异大于位移谱DMF差异。研究表明:俯冲带地震水平向地震动DMF需要考虑不同地震类型的影响。 相似文献
12.
Structures consisting of two parts, a lower part made of concrete and an upper part made of steel are investigated. In code-based seismic design of such structures several practical difficulties are encountered, due to inherent differences in the nature of dynamic response of each part. The specific issue addressed here is the analysis complications due to the different damping ratios of the two parts. Such structures are irregularly damped and have complex modes of vibration, so that their analysis cannot be handled with readily available commercial software. This work aims at providing a simple yet sufficiently accurate methodology for handling the damping irregularity of such structures, by proposing an overall equivalent damping ratio that can be applied to the complete structure for obtaining its dynamic response. This is achieved by first transforming MDOF irregular structures into equivalent 2-DOF oscillators, using the first mode characteristics of each part, and then using equivalent uniform damping ratios that are derived by means of a semi-empirical error minimization procedure. Thus, available commercial software can be applied for seismic analysis and design and the provisions of existing seismic codes can be adhered to. 相似文献
13.
It is demonstrated that the addition of a tuned mass-spring-dashpot system with a relatively small mass and a high damping ratio can be an effective way to increase the inherent damping characteristics of buildings and reduce, thus, their response to earthquake excitations. The demonstration is based on a theoretical formulation and on numerical and experimental studies that confirm this formulation. In the theoretical formulation, it is shown first that, if certain conditions are satisfied, the damping ratios in two of the modes of the system that is formed by a building and an appendage in resonance are approximately equal to the average of the corresponding damping ratios of the building and the appendage. Based on this finding, it is then shown that an attached appendage with a high damping ratio and tuned to the fundamental frequency of a building may increase the damping ratio in the fundamental mode of the building to a value close to half the damping ratio of the appendage. In the numerical study, the response of a ten-storey shear building is analysed under two different earthquake ground motions with and without the proposed resonant appendages. Appendages with damping ratios of 20 and 30 per cent are considered. In this study, it is found that under one of the ground motions the maximum displacement of the building's roof is reduced 30 per cent with the appendage with 20 per cent damping and 39 per cent with the one with 30 per cent damping. Similarly, with these two appendages the building's base shear is reduced 31 and 41 per cent, respectively. In the experimental study, a wooden three-storey structural model is tested in a shaking table with and without an appendage designed and constructed to have a damping ratio of 53-5 per cent. The test is conducted under random and sinusoidal base excitations. In the shaking table test under random excitation, the attached appendage reduces the response of the model 38-6 per cent, while in that under sinusoidal vibration 45-2 per cent. 相似文献
14.
A simple modal damping identification model developed by the present authors for classically damped linear building frames is extended here to the non-classically damped case. The modal damping values are obtained with the aid of the frequency domain modulus of the roof-to-basement transfer function and the resonant frequencies of the structure (peaks of the transfer function) as well as the modal participation factors and mode shapes of the undamped structure. The assumption is made that the modulus of the transfer function of the non-classically damped structure matches the one of the classically damped structure in a discrete manner, i.e., at the resonant frequencies of that function modulus. This proposed approximate identification method is applied to a number of plane building frames with and without pronounced non-classical damping under different with respect to their frequency content earthquakes and its limitations and range of applicability are assessed with respect to the accuracy of both the identified damping ratios and that of the seismic structural response obtained by classical mode superposition and use of those identified modal damping ratios. 相似文献
15.
Initial versus tangent stiffness‐based Rayleigh damping in inelastic time history seismic analyses 
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下载免费PDF全文 In the inelastic time history analyses of structures in seismic motion, part of the seismic energy that is imparted to the structure is absorbed by the inelastic structural model, and Rayleigh damping is commonly used in practice as an additional energy dissipation source. It has been acknowledged that Rayleigh damping models lack physical consistency and that, in turn, it must be carefully used to avoid encountering unintended consequences as the appearance of artificial damping. There are concerns raised by the mass proportional part of Rayleigh damping, but they are not considered in this paper. As far as the stiffness proportional part of Rayleigh damping is concerned, either the initial structural stiffness or the updated tangent stiffness can be used. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive comparison of these two types of Rayleigh damping models so that a practitioner (i) can objectively choose the type of Rayleigh damping model that best fits her/his needs and (ii) is provided with useful analytical tools to design Rayleigh damping model with good control on the damping ratios throughout inelastic analysis. To that end, a review of the literature dedicated to Rayleigh damping within these last two decades is first presented; then, practical tools to control the modal damping ratios throughout the time history analysis are developed; a simple example is finally used to illustrate the differences resulting from the use of either initial or tangent stiffness‐based Rayleigh damping model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
James M. Kelly 《地震工程与结构动力学》1999,28(1):3-20
In the current code requirements for the design of base isolation systems for buildings located at near-fault sites, the design engineer is faced with very large design displacements for the isolators. To reduce these displacements, supplementary dampers are often prescribed. These dampers reduce displacements, but at the expense of significant increases in interstorey drifts and floor accelerations in the superstructure. An elementary analysis based on a simple model of an isolated structure is used to demonstrate this dilemma. The model is linear and is based on modal analysis, but includes the modal coupling terms caused by high levels of damping in the isolation system. The equations are solved by a method that avoids complex modal analysis. Estimates of the important response quantities are obtained by the response spectrum method. It is shown that as the damping in the isolation system increases, the contribution of the modal coupling terms due to isolator damping in response to the superstructure becomes the dominant term. The isolator displacement and structural base shear may be reduced, but the floor accelerations and interstorey drift are increased. The results show that the use of supplemental dampers in seismic isolation is a misplaced effort and alternative strategies to solve the problem are suggested. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
It has been shown that the use of base isolation not only attenuates the response of a primary structural system but also reduces the response of a secondary system mounted on or within the main structure. The isolation system, superstructure and equipment may be made of different materials with significantly different energy dissipation characteristics such that the damping matrix for the combined system is non-classical and can only be approximately expressed by modal damping ratios if the classical mode method is used for analysis. The object of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of this procedure in approximating the responses of base-isolated structures and internal equipment. The complex mode method can provide exact solutions to problems with non-classical damping and is used here to find the exact response of the isolation-superstructure-equipment system. The entire system is assumed to be linear elastic with viscous damping and the superstructure is assumed to be proportionally damped so that the deformation of the superstructure can be expressed in terms of its classical modes. Recognizing that the ratio of the equipment mass to the structural mass and the ratio of the stiffness of the isolation system to the superstructural stiffness are both small, perturbation methods are used to find the response. This study shows that the response of base-isolated structures can be determined by the classical mode method to some degree of accuracy, but the higher frequency content is distorted. The equipment response derived by the classical mode method is much smaller than the exact solution so that the complex mode method should be applied to find equipment response. 相似文献
18.
Modeling viscous damping in nonlinear response history analysis of buildings for earthquake excitation 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The Rayleigh damping model, which is pervasive in nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) of buildings, is shown to develop ‘spurious’ damping forces and lead to inaccurate response results. We prove that a viscous damping matrix constructed by superposition of modal damping matrices—irrespective of the number of modes included or values assigned to modal damping ratios—completely eliminates the ‘spurious’ damping forces. This is the damping model recommended for nonlinear RHA. Replacing the stiffness‐proportional part of Rayleigh damping by the tangent stiffness matrix is shown to improve response results. However, this model is not recommended because it lacks a physical basis and has conceptual implications that are troubling: hysteresis in damping force–velocity relationship and negative damping at large displacements. Furthermore, the model conflicts with the constant‐damping model that has been the basis for fundamental concepts and accumulated experience about the inelastic response of structures. With a distributed plasticity model, the structural response is not sensitive to the damping model; even the Rayleigh damping model leads to acceptable results. This perspective on damping provides yet another reason to employ the superior distributed plasticity models in nonlinear RHA. OpenSees software has been extended to include a damping matrix defined as the superposition of modal damping matrices. Although this model leads to a full populated damping matrix, the additional computational demands are demonstrated to be minimal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
There is no consensus at the present time regarding an appropriate approach to model viscous damping in nonlinear time‐history analysis of base‐isolated buildings because of uncertainties associated with quantification of energy dissipation. Therefore, in this study, the effects of modeling viscous damping on the response of base‐isolated reinforced concrete buildings subjected to earthquake ground motions are investigated. The test results of a reduced‐scale three‐story building previously tested on a shaking table are compared with three‐dimensional finite element simulation results. The study is primarily focused on nonlinear direct‐integration time‐history analysis, where many different approaches of modeling viscous damping, developed within the framework of Rayleigh damping are considered. Nonlinear direct‐integration time‐history analysis results reveal that the damping ratio as well as the approach used to model damping has significant effects on the response, and quite importantly, a damping ratio of 1% is more appropriate in simulating the response than a damping ratio of 5%. It is shown that stiffness‐proportional damping, where the coefficient multiplying the stiffness matrix is calculated from the frequency of the base‐isolated building with the post‐elastic stiffness of the isolation system, provides reasonable estimates of the peak response indicators, in addition to being able to capture the frequency content of the response very well. Furthermore, nonlinear modal time‐history analyses using constant as well as frequency‐dependent modal damping are also performed for comparison purposes. It was found that for nonlinear modal time‐history analysis, frequency‐dependent damping, where zero damping is assigned to the frequencies below the fundamental frequency of the superstructure for a fixed‐base condition and 5% damping is assigned to all other frequencies, is more appropriate, than 5% constant damping. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
我国台湾省和南海东部地区处于地质构造复杂和地震频发的俯冲带区域,这一地区的结构抗震设计影响着该地区的开发建设进程。为建立适用于该地区的俯冲带板间地震竖向加速度谱的阻尼修正系数模型,本文选用日本K-NET与KiK-net台网的3 552条俯冲带板间地震记录,分四类场地建立以阻尼比和谱周期为参数的阻尼修正系数模型,并分析其它未纳入模型的参数对误差的影响。结果表明：采用阻尼比对数的三次多项式表达式即可实现良好拟合;模型在短周期内的误差主要受场地效应与路径效应影响,在长周期和高阻尼比时误差主要受震源效应影响;分场地建立阻尼修正系数模型可有效降低场地效应产生的误差。本文的研究成果可用于求解俯冲带地区无震源效应与路径效应的竖向设计反应谱。 相似文献