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1.
Visualization of rock mass classification systems 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
A rock mass classification system is intended to classify and characterize the rock masses, provide a basis for estimating
deformation and strength properties, supply quantitative data for mine support estimation, and present a platform for communication
between exploration, design and construction groups. In most widely used rock mass classification systems, such as RMR and Q systems, up to six parameters are employed to classify the rock mass. Visualization of rock mass classification systems in
multi-dimensional spaces is explored to assist engineers in identifying major controlling parameters in these rock mass classification
systems. Different visualization methods are used to visualize the most widely used rock mass classification systems. The
study reveals that all major rock mass classification systems tackle essentially two dominant factors in their scheme, i.e.,
block size and joint surface condition. Other sub-parameters, such as joint set number, joint space, joint surface roughness,
alteration, etc., control these two dominant factors. A series two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and multi-dimensional visualizations
are created for RMR, Q, Rock Mass index RMi and Geological Strength Index (GSI) systems using different techniques. In this manner, valuable insight into these rock mass classification systems is gained. 相似文献
2.
基于岩体不连续面三维分形维岩体质量评价研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩体内部不连续面分布具有随机性、不规则性,但又具有统计自相似性。基于三维随机不连续面网络模拟技术,对岩体结构统计均质区内的不连续面进行计算机模拟,并应用分形理论计算岩体不连续面分布的分形维数。岩体不连续面分布分维数具有尺寸效应,随着岩体尺寸增大分维数减小,到一定程度趋于稳定。这一稳定的分维值称之为表征分维数,用此值描述不连续面分布特征。将岩体不连续面分布的表征分维数与按传统岩体分类标准所得岩体质量等级进行对比,提出以岩体不连续面分布表征分维数为指标的岩体质量分类方法。在岩体分类基础上,提出基于表征分维数的岩体等效抗剪强度指标的折减计算。 相似文献
3.
裂隙岩体的表征单元体（REV）是岩体力学中的一个基础性概念,一直是学者们关注的焦点。结合近年来的研究成果,对裂隙岩体表征单元体最新研究进展进行全面、详细地介绍,从表征单元体研究角度与参数、研究方法以及量化方法 3个主要方面进行阐述。将探讨裂隙岩体表征单元体的角度归纳为结构面及块体几何参数、岩体力学参数和水力学参数3个方面;研究方法主要包括统计学方法、解析法和数值分析法,对这些方法的研究现状进行介绍;最后对量化岩体REV尺度的常用方法进行概括总结,包括直观判断、误差及变异系数判别法、假设检验、曲线拟合法和灰关联分析。为相关研究提供一定的参考和指导。 相似文献
4.
无人机摄影测量在高陡边坡地质调查中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在高陡边坡的地质调查中,测量岩体结构面的工作经常受到复杂地形的限制无法正常开展,急需一种全方位的精确测量技术。结合近年来低空低速小型无人机技术的快速发展,使用搭载单镜头的小型无人机,基于多视立体视觉算法（PMVS）和运动结构恢复算法（SfM）对目标物进行三维重建,通过现场试验和数据后处理,总结出了一套无人机摄影测量技术在高陡边坡地质调查中的应用方法,并得到了初步的研究结论：轻小型的单镜头多旋翼无人机能够采集到有效的地形数据,在三维点云中处理使用基于最小二乘法的平面拟合算法,可以提取出准确的结构面参数,进一步将这些结构面绘制在赤平极射投影图中,能实现高陡边坡的数字化岩体产状测量。 相似文献
5.
针对现有岩体结构均质区划分方法应用于地下矿山时存在细节辨识能力偏弱等问题,开展地下矿山岩体结构均质区三维精确划分方法研究。以广西铜坑矿锌多金属矿体3^#矿块为例,从岩体空间结构展布特性出发,构建由确定性与随机性结构面耦合的裂隙岩体三维模型;将岩体模型正交网格离散化,并选取模型网格子区的块体化程度值为均质区划分判据;利用K-means算法衡量不同数据源(网格)的相似性,结合误差平方和(SSE)度量聚类质量;最后重构三维岩体结构均质区,形成了一种地下矿山岩体结构均质区三维划分方法。研究成果表明:利用该方法能够从三维角度精确划分地下矿山岩体结构均质区,可为后续岩体质量评价及岩体离散元模拟的模型构建等工作提供有益参考。 相似文献
6.
利用超声模拟技术研究地质结构对地震动影响的初步成果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘 要 近十年来我们将超声模拟技术引入地震动研究领域综合研究震源位置、传播路
径及场地条件对地震地面运动的影响。重点报道了当场地地基中存在不可避开的断裂时地震
波传播的超声模拟结果以及双层地质结构地震反应的若干研究成果。 相似文献
7.
A numerical analysis of rock creep-induced slide: a case study from Jiweishan Mountain,China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Tao Xu Qiang Xu Maolin Deng Tianhui Ma Tianhong Yang Chun-an Tang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(6):2111-2128
Landslides and slope failures are very common phenomena in hilly regions, Southwestern China. These are hazardous because of the accompanying progressive movement of the slope-forming material. To minimize the landslide effects, slope failure analysis and stabilization require in-depth understanding of the process that governs the behavior of the slope. The present paper first briefly describes a three-dimensional numerical brittle creep model for rock. The model accounts for material heterogeneity, through a stochastic local failure stress field, and local material degradation using an exponential material softening law. Then a case study of the Jiweishan rockslide that occurred in China is numerically investigated considering the effect of the mining activity. Numerical simulations visualize the entire process of the Jiweishan rockslide from the fracture initiation, propagation and coalescence. The distribution and evolution of associated stress and deformation field during the slide are also presented. Numerical simulations show that the underground mining excavations have remarkably negative effect on the stability of the rock slope, which is one of the important triggering factors of the rockslide. Moreover, it is possible to take some precautions for the unstable failure of rock mass by monitoring acoustic emission (AE) events or microseismicities since the occurrence of clusters of AE events prior to the final unstable rockslide. The results are of general interest, because they can be applied to the investigation of time-dependent instability in rock masses, to the mitigation of associated rock hazards in rock engineering, and even to a better understanding of the seismic activities in geological and geophysical phenomena occurring in the earth’s crust. 相似文献
8.
金川矿区地下巷道围岩应力场特征及演化机制 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
金川矿区位于高地应力区，岩性坚硬但岩体较为破碎，其地下巷道围岩压力在时间上和空间上的分布具有矛盾统一的双重性特征，这种双重性特征在国内外许多同类型地下工程中均存在。从应场演化角度，对该类围岩的应力场特征及其演化机制进行了探讨，人为围岩应力的特殊时间和空间分布特征的根本原因是结构面在围岩动态演化过程中发生一系列复杂的时间相关性力学行为和力学响应。据此提出围岩结构性流变的观点，并给出其理论解，它较好地反映了该类围岩变形破坏过程中应力场的演化特征。 相似文献
9.
Mogren Saad Aldahri Maher Abdelrahman Kamal Zahran Hani 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2020,13(5):1-22
In this study, a comprehensive assessment on the generation mechanism, distribution characteristics, and extension rules of structure cracks was conducted by in situ monitoring and field investigation in the Chengchao Iron Mine. Structure cracks are affected by many factors, e.g., surface deformation, structure strength, occurrence position, and machine vibration. They initially occur in a structure when the strength of the structure is not enough to resist the inner strain as surface deformation increases. In contrast, increases in width and length of structure crack exert stress release in the structure and thus decrease structure deformation surrounding the crack. A great ground crack may adversely aggravate structure cracking and release the stress of surrounding rock masses. In addition, micro cracks in rock masses provide favorable conditions for the generation and extension of cracks, resulting that cracks occur in shaft walls more easily and extend towards the deeper. The initial distribution of cracks is generally consistent with such micro cracks. Subsequently, cracks in deep rock masses will extend along the strike of the mined-out area as surface deformation increases. Sensibilities to cracking of structures are changed by their different strain resistances and become stronger from bolt-shotcrete shaft, bolt-shotcrete tunnel, and brick-concrete building to brick wall. Based on distribution characteristics of cracks and wave velocity in rock masses, the overlaying strata affected by underground mining can be divided into four zones: broken zone, broken transition zone, crack generation zone, and micro deformation zone. 相似文献
10.
三维网络结构岩体力学是岩体力学的一个分支。根据笔者20余年对裂隙岩体研究的心得,阐述了三维网络结构岩体力学的主要特点、研究对象,基本架构、主要研究内容与未来的展望。将岩体结构控制论归结为材料强度控制、结构类型控制、渗流通道控制和几何边界控制4个方面。技术层面的主要内容包括三维RQD估算、岩体表征单元估算技术、结构块体搜索技术、定向投影岩体结构面三维连通率估算技术以及岩体三维渗径搜索技术等。理论层面主要由球面投影理论、概率统计理论、随机动力学、几何拓扑理论、块体理论、非线性系统理论和裂隙岩体多尺度等效结构模型等构成。强调足量的随机不连续面地质信息的原位统计取样是三维网络结构岩体力学的基础,岩体随机不连续面三维网络数值模拟技术是三维网络结构岩体力学的核心技术。 相似文献
11.
基于计算机视觉的地形3D重建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
构造3D地形模型有很多种方法．本文提出一种用数码相机获得的未标定照片获取三维地形模型的简单方法．这种方法仅需要从两幅或多幅照片中选取对应点,根据这些对应点,求出基本矩阵,摄像机矩阵,进而进行三维地形表面的估计,实验结果及算法分析表明,本文提出的特征匹配算法精确度较高,实现地形重建方法切实可行,生成的模型可视效果较好。 相似文献
12.
Mohd Mustaqim Mohd-Nordin Ki-Il Song Gye-Chun Cho Zainab Mohamed 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(2):561-573
Geophysical site investigation techniques based on elastic waves have been widely used to characterize rock masses. However, characterizing jointed rock masses by using such techniques remains challenging because of a lack of knowledge about elastic wave propagation in multi-jointed rock masses. In this paper, the roughness of naturally fractured rock joint surfaces is estimated by using a three-dimensional (3D) image-processing technique. The classification of the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) is enhanced by introducing the scan line technique. The peak-to-valley height is selected as a key indicator for JRC classification. Long-wavelength P-wave and torsional S-wave propagation across rock masses containing naturally fractured joints are simulated through the quasi-static resonant column (QSRC) test. In general, as the JRC increases, the S-wave velocity increases within the range of stress levels considered in this paper, whereas the P-wave velocity and the damping ratio of the shear wave decrease. In particular, the two-dimensional joint specimen underestimates the S-wave velocity while overestimating the P-wave velocity. This suggests that 3D joint surfaces should be implicated to obtain the reliable elastic wave velocity in jointed rock masses. The contact characteristic and degree of roughness and waviness of the joint surface are identified as a factor influencing P-wave and S-wave propagation in multi-jointed rock masses. The results indicate a need for a better understanding of the sensitivity of contact area alterations to the elastic wave velocity induced by changes in normal stress. This paper’s framework can be a reference for future research on elastic wave propagation in naturally multi-jointed rock masses. 相似文献
13.
基于三维地应力测量的岩爆预测问题研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩爆预测中常用的动态指标切向应力σθ是与初始地应力场密切联系的。根据开阳磷矿实测三维地应力值和该矿多层岩体赋存的特点,分析了洞室围岩岩性、空间巷道、倾斜层理等因素对σθ的影响。开阳磷三维地应力测试成果表明,埋深浅的砂岩比埋深大的红页岩的垂直地应力值要大近3倍,提出了考虑测点岩性的地应力场区域应用观点和考虑巷道轴向空间性的三维地应力空间分解方法。按上述方法,通过数值模拟研究发现,考虑倾斜层理时发生岩爆的位置主要在右帮底部。这与马路坪矿现场观测的破坏结果较吻合。区域空间分解法的岩爆预测结果比线性拟合回归法更接近实际。 相似文献
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15.
Application of Fuzzy Set Theory to Rock Engineering Classification Systems: An Illustration of the Rock Mass Excavability Index 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jafar Khademi Hamidi Kourosh Shahriar Bahram Rezai Hadi Bejari 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2010,43(3):335-350
The characterization of rock masses is one of the integral aspects of rock engineering. Over the years, many classification
systems have been developed for characterization and design purposes in mining and civil engineering practices. However, the
strength and weak points of such rating-based classifications have always been questionable. Such classification systems assign
quantifiable values to predefined classified geotechnical parameters of rock mass. This results in subjective uncertainties,
leading to the misuse of such classifications in practical applications. Fuzzy set theory is an effective tool to overcome
such uncertainties by using membership functions and an inference system. This study illustrates the potential application
of fuzzy set theory in assisting engineers in the rock engineering decision processes for which subjectivity plays an important
role. So, the basic principles of fuzzy set theory are described and then it was applied to rock mass excavability (RME) classification
to verify the applicability of fuzzy rock engineering classifications. It was concluded that fuzzy set theory has an acceptable
reliability to be employed for all rock engineering classification systems. 相似文献
16.
The storage of petroleum products above ground surface has many constraints and limitations. A viable alternative is to excavate large underground spaces in rock to provide a safer way for oil storage. Soft rock formations such as salt domes provide suitable conditions from environmental and operational aspects. The potential for high volume storage and low permeability are among advantages of oil storage in caverns excavated in salt rocks. The complicated shape of oil storage caverns, complex behavior of salt rock, and boundary conditions associated with large underground openings are major challenges in the design of salt caverns excavated for oil storage purposes. In this study, the deformation mechanism and stability of salt caverns were investigated. A comprehensive 3D numerical study was carried out to investigate the effects of cavern size and depth, salt rock deformation modulus, and ground in‐situ stress regime on the behavior of large salt caverns. The stress field and deformation mechanisms were studied numerically aiming at shedding lights into the design aspects of salt caverns for oil storage. The analysis results show that the cavern safety factor is reduced as a function of cavern depth and storage volume. Also, with decrease in k (ratio of horizontal to vertical in‐situ stress), the stability of salt caverns will increase; however, with increase in salt rock young modulus, the sensitivity of cavern stability to k ratio is reduced. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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自然界中的岩石通常含有大量复杂交错的结构面,造成岩石质量在三维空间中存在明显的各向异性。作为评价岩石质量的重要参数,岩石质量指标(广义RQDt)被广泛应用于岩体工程。结合三维裂隙网络模拟法和测线法,对岩体质量在三维空间不同方向上的分布规律进行研究:首先根据研究域岩体的裂隙统计参数及分布规律,利用Monte-Carlo法生成三维随机裂隙网络;然后通过在研究域内布置监测点和测线的方式来计算监测点处RQDt值随空间方位的变化,得到岩石质量空间分布图,以此来直观描述岩体质量沿空间不同方向的分布。将该法应用于某工程坝区岩体质量评估,表明该方法简单且具有较强的实用价值,可较全面描述岩体质量在空间方向上的分布规律。 相似文献
19.
天津作为城市地质调查的试点城市之一,在地质条件上具有其特殊性,属深覆盖地区,在深覆盖地区城市三维地质结构调查中,通过采用重、磁、电探测方法和不同的反演处理方法进行相互验证,综合解释,对查明地层主要界面的埋深、分布范围和厚度,断裂的平面展布状况和深部发育情况,隐伏岩体的分布状况等具有较好效果.通过Z14线剖面实例,介绍了重、磁、电综合分析解释方法的运用,可供类似地区的三维地质结构调查借鉴和参考. 相似文献
20.
通过对某水电工程坝区岩体结构的表生改造形迹调查，发现坝区除了发育与岸坡平行的正常的卸荷破坏方式外，还发育了一种破坏方式——夹泥型张裂隙。裂面性质的弱化和发育的普遍性，使这类破裂带可能成为控制坝区高边坡岩体稳定性的重要岩体力学边界。在其发育过程中的诸多控制因素中，岩体结构对这种岩体破坏方式的发育起了控制作用。夹泥型张裂隙与岸坡成大角度相交的陡倾角裂隙和缓倾角错动带组合并构成一个整体。缓倾角错动带的改造是前提。夹泥型张裂隙的发育则伴随陡倾角裂隙和缓倾角错动带的改造过程而产生，构成由陡倾角断裂或裂隙、缓倾角错动带组合形成的典型的岩体破坏模式。结合本地区构造特征和岩体结构特征，并通过大量的现场调查，该文主要探讨了坝区岩体结构特征和夹泥型张裂隙发育的关系，以及岩体结构对夹泥型张裂隙发育的控制作用。 相似文献