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1.
低填方桩承式路堤在交通荷载下的动力响应特性与路堤的承载能力及其稳定性密切相关。基于前人的室内模型试验,采用PFC2D软件建立了桩承式路堤离散元数值分析模型;采用数值双轴试验、数值单向压缩试验分别对路堤填料和桩间土的细观参数进行了标定;同时,根据路堤荷载传递效率对模拟结果与试验数据进行了对比分析,验证了离散元数值模型的正确性及适用性。在此基础上,在低填方路堤表面施加正弦波循环荷载,并对路堤荷载传递效率、接触力分布及路堤沉降等的变化规律进行了分析。模拟结果表明：在循环荷载作用下,低填方路堤中土拱结构的承载力先逐渐弱化并最终趋于稳定;该弱化作用在宏观上表现为路堤荷载传递效率的逐渐降低,而在细观上则表现为桩顶及桩间土上方接触力差异程度的逐渐减小;同时,土拱结构的弱化将不断加剧路堤表面的不均匀沉降。 相似文献
2.
土钉墙墙底地基土的承载力验算是土钉墙支护设计的一项重要内容。国内的工程实践中,通常将土钉墙地基承载力与坑底土抗隆起验算合并考虑。针对具体案例,通过Plaxis3D有限元数值模拟,分析研究了土钉墙底部土体发生地基承载力失稳的破坏模式、破坏荷载以及土钉墙墙底应力分布特点等,探讨了依据我国相关规程进行土钉墙坑底隆起或地基承载力计算可能存在的问题。借鉴国外加筋土挡墙地基承载力计算的一般方法,将土钉墙作为荷载倾斜、偏心的刚性基础对待,利用荷载倾斜、偏心条件下传统刚性浅基础的地基承载力的Meyerhof解和Vesic解,对土钉墙地基承载力进行了计算和对比,通过对比发现,Meyerhof解更接近实际,据此,提出了土钉墙地基承载力计算的合理模式。 相似文献
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为分析加筋材料的抗弯刚度对加筋性能的影响,加筋材料采用梁单元形式。基于动态松弛法,通过定义梁单元的刚度矩阵,求解内力矢量,随后定义虚拟质量密度而建立总质量矩阵,将加筋材料的梁单元有限元模型嵌入到已有的动态松弛法求解程序中。通过对简支梁的简单加载模拟验证了该梁单元模型的准确性能。随后,将该有限元模型与已有的动态松弛法计算程序结合（含砂土本构及弱面单元模型）,对加筋砂土地基室内模型试验进行了数值模拟。将梁单元的模拟结果与杆单元（梁单元的特例）模拟结果进行了比较,并分别探讨了抗拉刚度和抗弯刚度对加筋砂土地基承载性能的影响。结果表明：抗拉刚度对承载能力的影响较小;抗弯刚度对承载力的影响程度与加筋材料的布置形式有关,特别是当加筋砂土中出现剪切带以后,其影响逐渐增大。因此,在分析加筋砂土结构的增强机制时,建议采用梁单元（具有一定的抗弯刚度）对加筋材料进行模拟。 相似文献
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This paper adopts an upper bound procedure using the cell-based smoothed finite element method (CS-FEM) to estimate the seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footings, focussing on seismic soil-structure interactions. In simulations, soil behaviour is assumed as the Mohr–Coulomb material, and increment of plasticity deformation obeys the associated flow rule. The first step of the numerical procedure involves approximating the kinematically admissible displacement fields using the cell-based smoothed finite element method, while the second relates to the establishments of the optimization problem as the conic programming. The inclusion of seismic conditions in the simulations was made using the pseudo-static approach. Initially, three seismic bearing capacity factors were resolved for both smooth and rough foundations by including horizontal and vertical inertia forces caused by the soil weight, the superstructure and the surcharge in the analyses. All seismic bearing capacity components obtained are in excellent agreement with those obtained using the method of characteristics and other finite element analyses. Subsequently, the reduction coefficients that correlate static and seismic bearing capacity factors were computed to facilitate the seismic design of the foundation.
相似文献5.
高承台群桩基础是高速铁路桥梁基础的一种常用形式,受到风、地震等荷载作用影响,常常需要承受较大的横向荷载。采用室内物理模型试验和三维有限元程序ABAQUS对软土地层中单桩、群桩的横向承载特性进行了研究,软土采用修正剑桥黏土本构模型,试验结果与有限元计算结果吻合较好。群桩研究方案包括了桩数的变化以及桩间距的变化。结果表明,群桩基础的基桩平均横向承载力（总承载力/桩数）较单桩基础显著增加,且水平荷载方向桩间距越大,其横向承载力越大;群桩基础基桩受力存在三维空间效应,不同位置基桩受力大小排序为角桩最大,其次为边桩,最小为中间桩,弯矩极值差异可达20%,群桩基础桩周土影响范围距外围基桩边缘净距离约为16D (D为桩径)。桩与桩相互影响效应对群桩水平承载不利,承台约束效应对水平承载有利。探讨了考虑上述两种效应的群桩效应系数计算方法,通过计算验证了该方法在软土地区高承台群桩基础横向承载力计算中的适用性。 相似文献
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The vertical bearing capacity of spudcan foundations in strength anisotropic soils is investigated numerically using the MIT-S1 model implemented in the AFENA finite element package. The model in AFENA is validated against existing laboratory test data of normally consolidated soil. The bearing capacities of spudcans in soils with isotropic and anisotropic strengths are compared. Soil with isotropic strength is simulated using an elasto-plastic model. It is found that the bearing capacity of a spudcan in an anisotropic soil is reduced by about 9% for a rough spudcan and 3% for a smooth spudcan on average. There is a combined effect of soil anisotropy and spudcan roughness on the spudcan bearing capacity. Moreover, the effect of the pressuremeter strength of an anisotropic soil on foundation capacity can’t be ignored. 相似文献
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在统计福州地区56根预应力高强混凝土（PHC）管桩单桩水平静载荷试验资料基础上,结合《建筑桩基技术规范》规范推荐的m法计算,讨论了福州地区PHC管桩的水平承载力取值问题。对不同桩型的单桩水平静载试验进行m值反算,与规范推荐的m值相比较,探讨了福州地区不同桩周土层的m值取值范围。用规范推荐的两种力学模型分别计算了某试桩的弯矩曲线,与ABAQUS有限元软件模拟得到的弯矩曲线对比,验证了规范推荐的两种模型的适用性。结果表明,本地区采用m法确定PHC管桩的单桩水平承载力是适用的;上覆填土层的物理力学性状对淤泥层中PHC管桩水平承载力影响较大,宜采取规范附录中的“桩端支撑在非岩石类土中或基岩面”的模型计算本地区PHC管桩的水平承载力。 相似文献
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《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):235-251
The bearing capacity of footing has been studied by both conventional and numerical methods by many researchers. However, degradation of the microstructure of material, that is, a change in the microstructure of the soil, has not been adequately taken into account. Degradation of microstructure causes strain softening of materials and it leads to strain localization such as shear bands and slip bands. From an engineering point of view the strain localization is crucial because it is a precursor of failure. In the present study, finite element analyses of the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation on homogeneous and inhomogeneous saturated clay strata have been conducted using an elasto-viscoplastic soil constitutive model of microstructure change. A series of analyses of footing on clay deposit with different microstructure parameters have been carried out. Numerical results show that strain localization can be predicted during the loading of rigid footing on highly structured soil and strain localization affects the footing–soil interaction. The effects of footing roughness on the failure mechanism are also discussed in the study. 相似文献
9.
Geotechnical Engineering has developed many methods for soil improvement so far. One of these methods is the stone column method. The structure of a stone column generally refers to partial change of suitable subsurface ground through a vertical column, poor stone layers which are completely pressed. In general terms, to improve bearing capacity of problematic soft and loose soil is implemented for the resolution of many problems such as consolidation and grounding problems, to ensure filling and splitting slope stability and liquefaction that results from a dynamic load such as earthquake. In this study, stone columns method is preferred as an improvement method, and especially load transfer mechanisms and bearing capacity of floating stone column are focused. The soil model, 32 m in width and 8 m in depth, used in this study is made through Plaxis 2D finite element program. The clay having 5° internal friction angle with different cohesion coefficients (c 10, c 15, c 20 kN/m2) are used in models. In addition, stone columns used for soil improvement are modeled at different internal friction angles (? 35°, ? 40°, ? 45°) and in different s/D ranges (s/D 2, s/D 3), stone column depths (B, 2B, 3B) and diameters (D 600 mm, D 800 mm, D 1000 mm). In the study, maximum acceleration (a max = 1.785 m/s2) was used in order to determine the seismic coefficient used. In these soil models, as maximum acceleration, maximum east–west directional acceleration value of Van Muradiye earthquake that took place in October 23, 2011 was used. As a result, it was determined that the stone column increased the bearing capacity of the soil. In addition, it is observed that the bearing capacity of soft clay soil which has been improved through stone column with both static and earthquake load effect increases as a result of increase in the diameter and depth of the stone column and decreases as a result of the increase in the ranges of stone column. In the conducted study, the bearing capacity of the soil models, which were improved with stone column without earthquake force effect, was calculated as 1.01–3.5 times more on the average, compared to the bearing capacity of the soil models without stone column. On the other hand, the bearing capacity of the soil models with stone columns, which are under the effect of earthquake force, was calculated as 1.02–3.7 times more compared to the bearing capacity of the soil models without stone column. 相似文献
10.
海上风电的桩基在长期循环荷载作用下会引起承载力的衰减。针对软黏土中水平受荷单桩,通过引入累积塑性应变以考虑土体不排水强度的循环弱化,建立二维有限元数值模拟和简化p-y曲线简化方法,以分析水平循环荷载作用后单桩桩侧侧向抗力的衰减弱化。在小数目循环荷载下简化方法与有限元计算结果比较吻合,在此基础上,采用二维简化分析方法得到长期大数目循环荷载下桩侧水平抗力的衰减规律,发现如荷载幅值与初始极限抗力的比值小于土体灵敏度的倒数,单桩在长期水平循环荷载作用下承载力虽有所衰减,但桩基趋于稳定,不会发生破坏。 相似文献
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Undrained capacity of strip and circular surface foundations with a zero-tension interface on a deposit with varying degrees of strength heterogeneity is investigated by finite element analyses. The method for simulating the zero-tension interface numerically is validated. Failure envelopes for strip and circular surface foundations under undrained planar V-H-M loading are presented and compared with predictions from traditional bearing capacity theory. Similar capacity is predicted with both methods in V-H and V-M loading space while the traditional bearing capacity approach under-estimates the V-H-M capacity derived from the numerical analyses due to superposition of solutions for load inclination and eccentricity not adequately capturing the true soil response. An approximating expression is proposed to describe the shape of normalised V-H-M failure envelopes for strip and circular foundations with a zero-tension interface. The unifying expression enables implementation in an automated calculation tool resulting in essentially instantaneous generation of combined loading failure envelopes and optimisation of a foundation design as a function of foundation size or material factor. In contrast, the traditional bearing capacity theory approach or direct numerical analyses for a given scenario requires ad-hoc analyses covering a range of input variables in order to obtain the ‘best’ design. 相似文献
13.
Discrete element method has been widely adopted to simulate processes that are challenging to continuum-based approaches. However, its computational efficiency can be greatly compromised when large number of particles are required to model regions of less interest to researchers. Due to this, the application of DEM to boundary value problems has been limited. This paper introduces a three-dimensional discrete element–finite difference coupling method, in which the discrete–continuum interactions are modeled in local coordinate systems where the force and displacement compatibilities between the coupled subdomains are considered. The method is validated using a model dynamic compaction test on sand. The comparison between the numerical and physical test results shows that the coupling method can effectively simulate the dynamic compaction process. The responses of the DEM model show that dynamic stress propagation (compaction mechanism) and tamper penetration (bearing capacity mechanism) play very different roles in soil deformations. Under impact loading, the soil undergoes a transient weakening process induced by dynamic stress propagation, which makes the soil easier to densify under bearing capacity mechanism. The distribution of tamping energy between the two mechanisms can influence the compaction efficiency, and allocating higher compaction energy to bearing capacity mechanism could improve the efficiency of dynamic compaction.
相似文献14.
A finite element approach based on an advanced multi‐surface kinematic constitutive model is used to evaluate the bearing capacity of footings resting on granular soils. Unlike simple elastic‐perfectly plastic models, often applied to granular foundation problems, the present model realistically accounts for stress dependency of the friction angle, strain softening–hardening and non‐associativity. After the model and its implementation into a finite element code are briefly discussed, the numerical difficulty due to the singularity at the footing edge is addressed. The bearing capacity factor Nγ is then calculated for different granular materials. The effect of footing size, shape, relative density and roughness on the ultimate bearing capacity are studied and the computed results compare very favourably with the general experimental trends. In addition, it is shown that the finite element solution can clearly represent counteracting mechanisms of progressive failure which have an important effect on the bearing capacity of granular foundations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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低裙式吸力桩真空沉贯及抗拔极限承载力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高裙式吸力桩的承载力,使其更易于沉贯且能更好地保护主桶周围土体免受洋流刨蚀,提出了一种新型低裙式吸力桩模型,采用双桶负压法沉贯该桩,能有效减小土塞高度。提出的超低位真空预压法能够快速固结土体,缩短试验周期,采用该方法加固的土体,能够较好地模拟强度沿深度增加的地基土。在该土体上采用抽真空法沉贯不同规格的吸力桩模型,对比研究低裙式吸力桩的可贯性,分析其沉贯阻力,结合试验数据拟合出了沉贯阻力公式。最后,通过45°斜拉试验并结合PLAXIS 3D软件对吸力桩承载力展开研究,对比试验与数值模拟结果,分析新型低裙式吸力桩的合理性。 相似文献
17.
刚性荷载下现浇X形桩复合地基极限承载力特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
现浇X形桩是通过等截面周边扩大原理,将圆形截面的正拱变为反拱而成的。作为一种新型的异型截面桩,目前对其极限承载力的计算仍采用规范中建议的经验公式。结合南京桥北污水处理厂地基处理工程的现场静载荷试验,应用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立刚性荷载下现浇X形混凝土桩复合地基的模型,模拟不同桩身模量、桩周土模量、桩长、褥垫层厚度和模量等参数下现浇X形混凝土桩复合地基的荷载-沉降关系,从而得出复合地基的极限承载力。结果表明,现浇X形桩单桩复合地基极限承载力比等截面面积的圆形桩单桩复合地基增大20%以上,X形桩4桩梅花形复合地基极限承载力比等截面面积的圆形桩大12.35%。极限承载力随桩身模量、褥垫层模量、桩周土体模量或者桩长的增大而增大,而且在众多影响因素中桩周土体模量对复合地基极限承载力的影响最为明显。 相似文献
18.
Experimental and numerical investigations into the bearing capacity of circular footing on geogrid-reinforced compacted granular fill layer overlying on natural clay deposit have been conducted in this study. A total of 8 field tests were carried out using circular model rigid footing with a diameter of 0.30 m. 3D numerical analyses were performed to simulate soil behavior using finite element program Plaxis 3D Foundation. The results from the FE analysis are in very good agreement with the experimental observations. It is shown that the degree of improvement depends on thickness of granular fill layer and properties and configuration of geogrid layers. Parameters of the experimental and numerical analyses include depth of first reinforcement, vertical spacing of reinforcement layers. The results indicate that the use of geogrid-reinforced granular fill layers over natural clay soils has considerable effects on the bearing capacity and significantly reduces the lateral displacement and vertical displacement of the footing. 相似文献
19.
The bearing capacity of shallow foundations in a non-homogeneous soil profile has been a challenging task in geotechnical
engineering. In this paper, a limit equilibrium method is used for calculating bearing capacity factors of shallow foundations
constructed on a two-layered granular soil profile. The main objective has been to determine the ultimate bearing capacity
computed from equivalent bearing capacity factors Nq and Nγ and comparing that with numerical analysis using finite element methods. It will be shown that the data obtained form the
developed method are well comparable with those obtained from FE approach, specially when the difference between shear strength
parameters of layers is low which is a practical case for sedimentary soil profiles and also for artificially compacted soils.
A computer program has been developed to investigate the influence of various parameters on bearing capacity factors. 相似文献
20.
海上风电机组筒型基础工作及承载特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
筒型基础是一种新型的海上风电基础,由于其具有减少工程量、节省投资、缩短施工时间、可重复使用等优点,在某些领域正在逐步替代桩基和重力式基础。目前工程上对筒型基础的设计还没有现成的规范可供使用,一般是将筒内部土体与筒壁视为一体,然后采用简化的极限平衡方法进行设计计算,不能反映筒内土体的工作特性。以福建近海某风电基础工程为依托,采用大型有限元软件ABAQUS对海上风机单筒基础的承载特性进行了三维有限元数值分析。根据海上风机的受力特点,考虑基础隔舱的作用效果,建立了筒型基础的简化模型与有无隔舱的计算模型。计算结果表明：筒型基础在受荷过程中,基础内部土体产生屈服变形,使得筒型基础的承载特性不同于简化极限平衡方法。两者之间的差异使得实际的地基承载能力比极限平衡方法计算所得的要小。此外,对现行简化计算方法的误差进行了估计,并对筒型基础承载力计算提出建议,可供筒型基础设计者参考。 相似文献