共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
S. Meier 《Journal of Geodynamics》1987,8(2-4)
The Pannonian Basin or in a broad sense, the Carpatho-Balkan region, is a suitable test area to study the statistical qualities of the Earth's vertical crustal movements. The second-order moments of relative and absolute quantities of motion (vertical velocity, horizontal gradient) are given for the type of a subsiding region with uplifts in its marginal zone — in the ideal case of circular ssymetry. The foundation is the theory of two-dimensional homogenous stochastic processes. Empirically estimated autocovariance functions of the relative vertical rate are approximated by model functions, corresponding to the geotectonic situation of the region, and they are transformed into the wave-number domain. All modelled and empirically estimated second-order moments are given as auxiliary means for signal prediction. The properties of the signal, represented in the maps of the Earth's vertical crustal movements (1:2 500 000, Moscow 1973; 1:2 000 000, Joó et al., 1979), can be derived from the spectral representation. 相似文献
2.
In studying, and especially in interpreting, modern movements of the Earth's crust, one should take into account its tectonic variability, its layering and the deformations exposed at the Earth's surface, which reflect the evolution of deep processes. No less important is the solution of the opposite problem, i.e., the study of deep tectonic processes, using data on modern movements of the surface. In both cases, analysis of the distribution of types of movement and regions along (active) faults is essential. Active faults in Asia between 20° and 60° are taken as examples. 相似文献
3.
Tadeusz Wyrzykowski 《Journal of Geodynamics》1987,8(2-4)
A new determination of recent vertical movements of the Earth's crust in Poland is described in this paper. It resulted from the joint adjustment of the network of repeated levelling in 7 countries of Eastern and Central Europe. The author presents the characteristics of the levelling data sets used (measurements made in 1953–1957 and 1974–1979), results of the repeated levelling, the method of determination of the recent crustal movements and of the preparation of the map at a scale of 1:2.500.000 presenting these movements for the area of the whole country. The results of the determination of the Earth's crustal movements are discussed, and causes of the prevailing appearance of sinking movements are suggested. Differences between the values of vertical movements of the Earth's crust obtained during various determinations are presented, as well as the maximum mean error of the difference between new and old determinations. The conformity of these determinations is assessed. 相似文献
4.
Antonín Zeman Reviewer M. Burša Reviewer M. Pick 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1981,25(3):284-288
Summary Simple expressions for the deformation of equipotential surfaces and changes of the deflections of the vertical are derived at points of the Earth's surface, which are due to the variations of the rotational component of the gravity potential under free nutation of the Earth's axis of rotation (pole wandering). The results of the solution of this problem given in[1] are discussed. The values of the tilts and the changes of geoid heights for extreme deviations of the poles are considered from the point of view of the effect on measuring tilts and on levelling. An elastically deformable Earth is assumed. It is concluded that reductions with respect to the mean Earth's pole are not realistic at the present degree of accuracy of levelling. The necessity to reduce long-term tilt observations, or the possibility of determining the time variations of the rotational axis from the analysis of these observations is pointed out. 相似文献
5.
Pavel Vysko
il 《Journal of Geodynamics》1987,8(2-4)
The border area between the Bohemian Massif and the Carpathians arc is covered by dense networks of repeated levellings as well as horizontal (triangulation, trilateration) measurements. The results were adjusted in separate vertical or horizontal networks respectively. Derived rates of vertical and horizontal movements are presented. The properties of these movements are discussed as a background to the tectonic development of the area under study. 相似文献
6.
The M=7.2 southern Hyogo prefecture earthquake, which occurred on January 17, 1995, destroyed the region severely. Further researches
are necessary to explain the problems obtained from this earthquake. We have discussed some characteristics correlating with
this earthquake, such as distribution of aftershocks and disaster, relationship between fault and generation of inland shallow
earthquakes, strong motion and so on. The tectonic movements of surface faults may be different from those of deep faults.
Earthquakes may not be restricted directly by the tectonic movements of surface faults. The strong motion zone is often appeared
in the region a little away from the both ends or from the single side of a fault instead of the region of a focal fault.
Some mechanisms of strong motion have also been discussed. 相似文献
7.
本文应用卫星测量地球重力场的球谐函数系数和地幔流体力学方程,计算了中国地区岩石层下的地幔对流状态。计算中选用了三种不同的模式:模式Ⅰ,完全场（2-30阶）;模式Ⅱ,高阶场（13-25阶）;模式ⅢI,低阶场（4-18阶）。其目的是探求一种与我国地质和地球物理实测资料相符合的最佳模式。考虑到岩石层厚度与所假定的地幔对流区厚度相比是很薄的,因而可以把地幔流对岩石层底面产生的拖曳力近似地看作岩石层内构造力。将上述三个模式分别与中国及邻区的131个地震（1961-1977,M≥5）震源机制解和近代地质构造形变等资料进行比较。结果表明,模式Ⅰ与我国大多数地区的实测资料符合得最好,该模式所显示的地幔对流特征与相应各地区近代构造运动特点相符。模式Ⅰ为探讨近代构造运动的力源问题,提供了新的线索。 相似文献
8.
The comparison of seismological materials with the front boundary of the latest continental glaciation has shown that all
revealed really tectonic earthquakes occur exclusively in the occurrence area of a thick cover of this glaciation. The thickness
of the glacier at a distance of about 50–100 km from its front could have reached 1 km, and the amplitude of glacioisostatic
lowering and subsequent uplifts could have reached 0.3 km. The total amplitude of these movements, which were taking place
during 20 thousand years, is comparable with the amplitudes of vertical neotectonic movements, which were taking place during
35–37 million years and on the average were three orders of magnitude more intense than neotectonic movements. With such amplitudes
and speeds of vertical glacioisostatic movements, it looks quite plausible that the buried rupture zones could be revived
recently (including in Holocene) with block movements of crystalline basement with an amplitude of a few tens of meters. This
explains the localization of modern seismicity, which is a hazard to construction, within the occurrence domain of the latest
glacial shield. 相似文献
9.
10.
《Journal of Geodynamics》2010,49(3-5):284-291
The island of Taiwan is located on the convergent boundary between the Philippine Sea plate and the Chinese continental margin. It offers very active mountain building and collapsing processes well illustrated by the rugged topography, rapid uplift and denudation, young tectonic landforms, active faulting and numerous earthquakes. In this paper, using simple models, we have estimated vertical movements and associated absolute gravity variations which can be expected along a profile crossing the southern part of the island and probably suffering the highest rates of rising. The two different tectonic styles proposed for the island, thin-skinned and thick-skinned, were taken into account. Horizontal and vertical movements were modeled by an elastic deformation code. Gravity variations due to these deformations are then modeled at a second step. They are dominated by plate and free-air effects, i.e. elevation of the topography, with several μGal yr−1. By comparison, gravity changes generated by mass transfers are weak: maximum 0.1 μGal yr−1 with the thin-skinned tectonic and 0.3 μGal yr−1 with the thick-skinned tectonic. Though elastic rheology has limitations, this modeling offers interesting results on what gravity signal can be expected from the AGTO project (Absolute Gravity in the Taiwanese Orogen), which proposes to study the dynamic of these mountain ranges using absolute gravimetry (AG) and also including relative gravimetry (RG) and GPS measurements. 相似文献
11.
Prof. R. Tomaschek Ph. D. 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1953,25(1):17-25
Summary A typical disturbance observed in the records of tilt measurements performed with horizontal pendulums in a mine at a depth of 145 m below surface, under very constant temperature conditions, has been analysed as to its correlation with the barometric pressure distribution. It is shown that the observed load tilts are not due to elastic deformations of the Earth's crust, but may be ascribed to movements of tectonic blocks of large extension. 相似文献
12.
The rotation of the Earth is predicted to have a strong influence on the convective motions in basaltic magmas which cool at high and intermediate latitudes on the Earth's surface. Convection in layers greater than 100 m deep is characterised by large Taylor numbers and small Rossby numbers, for which laboratory experiments provide evidence of strong rotationally-induced flows. In the case of convection driven by either thermal or compositional buoyancy fluxes from horizontal top or bottom boundaries Coriolis forces induced by the Earth's rotation are expected to cause the turbulent convective motions to form into intense vortices whose axes tend to be close to the vertical. These vortices should be tall and thin, be very unsteady, and have rapid vertical motion in their cores. Earth's rotation is likely to have little or no effects on convection in very shallow convecting layers ( < 100 m) of basaltic magmas or in chambers of more viscous (granitic) magmas. When convection is driven by horizontal density differences (such as those produced by cooling or crystallization at sloping or vertical walls or by simple lateral variation of layer depth) in basaltic chambers of order 10 km or greater in width the rotation of the Earth may cause relatively rapid horizontal (geostrophic) circulation over the lateral scales of the chamber. These predictions involve some extrapolation of fluid dynamical principles from laboratory to magma chamber conditions. Speculative comments on some possible petrological implications are included. 相似文献
13.
14.
地壳变动不仅具有短时间的旋迴性,而且具有长时期的旋迴性。同位素年龄数据和各大陆地质年表说明,在地球演化历史中具有约8-10亿年间隔的最巨大的旋迴性,它们的年龄峰值为～3.6、～2.6、～1.9、～1.1及0.2b.y.五个巨旋迴。 结合中国及世界各大陆构造带（变质带及岩浆作用）产出位置及年龄可以看出,第二巨旋迴（～2.6b.y.）时期大致是NNE-NNW向为主;第三巨旋迴时期（～1.9b.y.）主要是NEE-NWW向;第四巨旋迴时期（～1.1b.y.）又重新转为NNE-NNW向;但在第五巨旋迴（0.2b.y.）则比较复杂,NEE-NWW向及NNE-NNW向分别出现在欧亚板块及其它地区。全球主要构造演化模式可能意味着,大陆地壳不止一次遭到碎裂作用,使古老基底被分割成许多断块,这种碎裂作用或许正是按上述一定构造方向发生和发展着的。 相似文献
15.
参考青藏高原东缘松潘-甘孜地块至四川盆地陡变地形起伏和地壳密度结构的横向差异,本文建立了二维牛顿黏性流体有限元模型,计算分析构造加载、陡变地形和重力效应控制下青藏高原东缘岩石圈变形特征,探讨横向不均匀的地壳密度结构、陡变地形和岩石圈流变性质对区域现今垂向运动的影响.计算结果显示：在构造加载作用下,松潘-甘孜地块至四川盆地地表抬升微弱.区域横向不均匀的地壳密度结构驱使松潘-甘孜地块地壳整体抬升,速率高达2 mm·a-1,四川盆地整体下沉,速率约1 mm·a-1,与龙门山两侧现今观测到的地表垂向变形模式相近.龙门山地区陡变地形驱使柔性地壳流动,调整区域地壳局部变形;岩石圈流变结构影响重力驱动作用下的模型变形量值和岩石圈变形耦合程度,松潘-甘孜地块较低的中地壳黏滞系数引起上、下地壳的变形解耦;模型较高的岩石圈地幔黏滞系数使重力驱动作用下区域垂向变形量降低.因此,青藏高原东缘地壳密度结构差异、地形起伏和岩石圈流变性质是现今区域垂向变形的重要动力学控制因素. 相似文献
16.
Two major Archaean rock groups, the Tiejiashan Group and the overlying Anshan Group, have been divided and described in the area under consideration. From the techniques of tectonic analysis, including detailed observation and data collection in the field, together with necessary projection methods, structural succession and style variations of both groups were established in order to clarify the intricate deformation and evolutionary histories of these two major units. We have first discerned two episodes of deformation in the Tiejiashan Group during tectonic cycle I and four in the Anshan Group during cycle II, and thus reconstructed the full sequence of deformations for these rocks.The Tiejiashan Group is mainly composed of migmatized tonalitic-granodioritic gneiss. It contains a pervasive gneisses foliation which dnotes the early episode of tectonic cycle I, and it describes oval-shaped folds or domes that are considered to be results of flexural-flow mechanism with accompanying flow component under extensive vertical movement (perhaps diapiric) during a slightly later episode. This style characterizes the tectonic state of deep levels of the Archaean crust.Rock types of which the overlying Anshan Group are made up include plagioclase-amphibolite, biotite-plagioclase-gneiss and leucocratic gneiss—the metamorphosed equivalents of a succession typical of Archaean greenstone belts. Tectonic elements formed during four episodes of deformation show systematic style variation which can easily be distinguished from that of the Tiejiashan Group. Tectonic anisotropy is evident and shown by the development of pronounced linear structures such as folds, as well as planar structures and other related elements of contrasting ages and scales—diagnostic for the importance of horizontal displacement in the formation of structures in a greenstone belt. Patterns of fold interference are ubiquitous at all scales, and they are described in terms of Ramsay's classification. Factors controlling the interference patterns are many; in addition to those which have been pointed out by Ramsay and others, size contrast between interfering folds is another important one to be considered.Style variations between the Archaean rock groups suggest a tendency of tectonic development from planar to linear types. This reflects a transition from a tectonic regime controlled by the earlier widespread vertical movements to a largely horizontal compressional regime. This may also be an indication of the major change during the tectonic evolution of the basement of the North China platform. 相似文献
17.
18.
To identify the faults controlling the intensity of recent tectonic processes in the region and to study their geometry and dynamics, one of the variants of the statistical method was used-trend analysis. The map of recent vertical crustal movements in the Carpatho-Balkan region (1:2.000.000) published in Budapest in 1979 was used as initial data for establishing these faults. 相似文献
19.
SUN Zhongshi DENG Jun JIANG Yanguo WANG Jianping WANG Qingfei & WEI Yanguang .Department of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun China .Department of Geosciences Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China .Weihai Gold Institute Shandong Weihai Gold Bureau Weihai China Correspondence should be addressed to Sun Zhongshi 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(11):995-1007
The tectonic activities during late Archaean-earlyProterozoic is the crisis during the process of crustevolution. The tectonic kinematical mode and dynamicprocess of metamorphic complexes formed is the keyproblem in geosciences[1—7], related to many importantgeological events, such as the substitute of dynamicalsystems and the corresponding relationship betweendeep crust-mantle structure and upper regional stressfield. The predecessors have made a great deal ofstudy on this topic and achieved… 相似文献
20.
陆地水储量的季节性变化是导致地表周期性负荷形变位移的主要因素,有效地剔除地表位移中的陆地水储量影响,是获取地壳构造垂向运动的必要过程.四川地处青藏高原东边缘,地形分区明显,境内以长江水系为主,水资源丰富,研究四川地区地表负荷形变位移,有助于分析陆地水储量的时空分布特性及地壳构造形变信息.本文利用研究区域内59个CORS站的GPS观测数据,计算了CORS站点的垂向位移,并将其与GRACE所得相应结果进行对比分析.结果显示,GPS和GRACE所得垂向位移时间序列的振幅大小整体相符,但存在明显的相位差.GPS站点振幅最大值为12.7 mm,对应HANY站,最小值为1.5 mm,对应SCMX站.GRACE所得的地表垂向位移振幅大小均为3~4 mm,且最大位移集中出现在7-9月份;而GPS站点出现最大位移的月份和地形相关,东部盆地、西北部高原和南部山地分别出现在7-8月份、10-11月份和10月份.GPS站点时间序列中的周年项与陆地水的季节性变化强相关,为了讨论陆地水储量对GPS站点位移的影响,本文利用改进的总体经验模态分解方法（MEEMD：Modified Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition）,从GPS垂向位移时间序列中提取出周年项及约2年的年际变化项.发现利用MEEMD获取的周年项改正原始GPS时间序列时可使其WRMS（Weight Root Mean Square）减少量减小约26%,结果优于最小二乘拟合方法提取的GPS周年项改正效果,验证了MEEMD方法在GPS坐标时间序列处理中的可行性及有效性. 相似文献