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1.
拉萨北部林周盆地林子宗火山岩层序新议 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：21
林子宗火山岩是西藏冈底斯地区典型的新生代火山岩，可分为3个组：典中组、年波组和帕那组，主要由玄武安山岩、安山岩、英安岩、粗安岩、钾玄岩、流纹岩和相应的火山碎屑岩夹灰岩、河湖相沉积岩组成。经过林周盆地火山地质填图，发现林子宗火山岩层序较原定层序复杂得多，其中在典中组原定的安山质一英安质火山岩的底部新发现了一套流纹质火山岩，顶部发现河湖相沉积；年波组在原定上部安山质火山岩中新厘定出钾玄质火山岩，在顶部发现了红色泥岩；帕那组的底部还发现了球粒流纹岩和枕状流纹质熔结凝灰岩。据此重新论述了西藏林周盆地林子宗火山岩的地层层序及区域变化特征，进一步划分出8个段，属3个火山喷发旋回的产物。林子宗火山岩的形成时代，典中组为61．45～64．43Ma，年波组54．07Ma，帕那组43．93～48．72Ma。 相似文献
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西秦岭天水地区新生代酸性火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
西秦岭天水地区分布有新生代陆相酸性火山岩，主要由流纹岩、流纹质角砾凝灰熔岩、流纹质熔结(角砾)凝灰岩及少量角砾凝灰岩、火山角砾岩等组成，具有富硅、富碱、低铝、低钙特征，属于非造山偏碱性岩石，类似于大陆裂谷碱性流纹岩。研究表明，新生代陆相酸性火山岩为地壳岩石部分熔融作用的产物，形成于陆内拉张构造环境，与新生代早期渭河断裂带的左行走滑剪切构造作用有关。 相似文献
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中部拉萨地体南侧吉瓦地区早白垩世则弄群火山岩的发现及意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西藏尼玛县吉瓦地区措勤-多瓦后陆拗陷带内分布的火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为120.3~126.5Ma左右,重新厘定为早白垩世则弄群,否定了前人归属为上新世乌郁群(N2wy)及始新世帕那组(E2p)的认识。岩石以酸性火山岩为主,中基性火山岩为辅,酸性岩类主要为火山碎屑岩类和熔岩类,典型岩石类型为流纹质熔结凝灰岩和流纹岩等,中基性岩主要为玄武安山岩,安山玄武岩等,杏仁构造普遍发育。研究区大量的流纹质熔结凝灰岩的出现反映了吉瓦地区的火山岩主要为陆相火山喷发形成。地球化学特征显示轻稀土富集,负Eu异常明显,富集K、Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。酸性火山岩具有A型花岗质岩浆岩特征,基性岩具有板内玄武岩亲缘性,这一特征可能与班公湖-怒江洋壳岩石圈南向俯冲过程中发生的板片断离有关。中部拉萨地体南侧早白垩世火山岩的发现,使班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲在晚侏罗世-早白垩世的岩浆活动在原来的基础上向南延伸70~80km,火山岩地层时代的重新归位对研究冈底斯带早白垩世地球动力学背景及建立地质年代学格架提供了新的约束资料,具有重要的科学意义。吉瓦地区早白垩世则弄群火山岩可能受到了班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳向南、雅鲁藏布江洋壳向北的双向俯冲制约。 相似文献
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中国北天山晚石炭世白杨沟火山岩的成因及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中国北天山作为中亚造山带西部重要的组成部分,其晚古生代的构造背景长期存在板内裂谷环境和岛弧环境两个截然不同的认识,有些学者还提出该地区有塔里木地幔柱的影响,从石炭纪到二叠纪均发育大量的双峰式火山岩。为了厘定其石炭-二叠纪模糊不清的构造属性以及火山岩的地质特征,本文对北天山博格达隆起带白杨沟地区火山岩进行了系统的研究。这套火山岩由枕状玄武岩、块状玄武岩、安山-英安质熔结凝灰岩、流纹岩和火山角砾岩组成。安山-英安质熔结凝灰岩和流纹岩属于Ⅰ型酸性岩,与枕状玄武岩及块状玄武岩整合接触。海相棘皮类化石的发现以及锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄(~311Ma)的测定指示这套白杨沟火山岩应属于晚石炭世祁家沟组。同时,安山-英安质熔结凝灰岩的发现表明白杨沟火山岩剖面并非双峰式火山岩,但与双峰式岩浆(玄武质和流纹质岩浆)有密切的成因关系。MELTS模拟计算指示白杨沟流纹岩和熔结凝灰岩不是与其共生的玄武岩高度结晶分异的产物。与含水玄武质岩石的部分熔融实验对比,正的ε_(Nd)(t)值(+5.9~+7.5)以及岛弧特征的微量元素性质则表明白杨沟流纹岩和熔结凝灰岩主要由含水的新生岛弧玄武质地壳(岩石)发生部分熔融形成。流纹岩很可能代表新生地壳部分熔融的直接产物。然而熔结凝灰岩中发育玄武质和长英质两类浆屑,大量斜长石晶屑的发育以及负Eu至正Eu异常(δEu=0.8~1.1)暗示安山-英安质熔结凝灰岩还受岩浆混合作用和长石堆晶作用的影响。结合博格达晚石炭世玄武岩的研究,本文认为博格达晚石炭世应为洋内岛弧后弧或弧后环境,与北天山洋(或称为准噶尔洋)向南俯冲有关。博格达隆起带石炭-二叠纪构造属性的转变很可能与东准噶尔弧和博格达弧在石炭-二叠纪界限时期发生的弧-弧碰撞作用有关。 相似文献
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浙江徐家墩鹅湖岭组含铜多金属矿火山岩的地球化学与年代学 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
浙江江山徐家墩鹅湖岭组流纹质熔结凝灰岩的断裂构造中含有铜多金属矿物,然而其形成时代及成因目前尚不清楚。该岩石为浅粉红色,具有流纹构造和斑状结构。其化学成分显示出富硅(SiO2 = 72.99%～77.56%)、富碱(Na2O + K2O = 6.57%～8.61%),低钙、镁(CaO = 0.03%～0.05%和MgO = 0.01%～0.08%)的特征。稀土配分显示强烈负铕异常(δEu介于0.028～0.0038之间)的“海鸥型”特征．岩相学和地球化学特征均显示其为具有A型花岗岩特征的流纹质熔结凝灰岩,推测属板内构造环境。其内锆石SHRIMP的U-Th-Pb测年结果显示该火山岩的形成年龄为138.0±2.4 Ma,显示其就位时间为中生代白垩纪燕山运动的中晚期。中生代具有A型花岗岩特征的流纹质熔结凝灰岩的发现有助于建立所在盆地岩浆-构造活动序列,及理解该区铜多金属成矿作用和选定找矿靶区。 相似文献
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通过1︰5万地质填图及剖面测制,作者在粤北大瑶山地区的震旦-寒武纪地层中首次发现多层火山岩,岩性主要为火山-沉积碎屑岩类的变质凝灰质不等粒岩屑石英砂岩、变质凝灰质不等粒长石石英砂岩、沉凝灰岩等,局部见变流纹质熔结凝灰岩。对变流纹质熔结凝灰岩、变质凝灰质砂岩用LA-ICP-MS法测定锆石U-Pb年龄,206Pb/238U年龄介于614~2869 Ma之间,年龄值较为分散,说明碎屑锆石是多来源的。火山岩年龄数据与地层时代归属矛盾,粤北大瑶山地区前泥盆纪地层的时代归属值得进一步探讨。 相似文献
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西藏甫勒铜矿位于拉萨地块西段,系与火山热液作用有关的铜矿点.矿化主要发育在前人所认为的林子宗群帕那组凝灰岩中,大量热液白云母与矿石硫化物共生.本文对热液白云母进行了40 Ar-39 Ar年代学测定,获得其坪年龄为77.0±0.8 Ma(MSWD=5.8),等时线年龄为76.1±1.3 Ma(MSWD=4.1),二者在误差范围内基本一致,指示其成矿作用发生于晚白垩世.白云母40 Ar-39 Ar年代学测试结果表明,矿区赋矿凝灰岩成岩年龄应早于77 Ma,成岩作用发生于晚白垩世,并非前人所认为的始新世帕那组火山岩.赋矿凝灰岩地球化学组成表明其为钙碱性、准铝质岩石系列;相对富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti等高场强元素,呈现出陆缘弧火山岩属性,与狮泉河地区及林周地区典中组火山岩具有一定相似性.此外,凝灰岩地球化学组成还表现出高Sr,低Y的特征,具备部分埃达克岩的属性.通过年代学、岩石地球化学研究,本文认为将甫勒矿区赋矿凝灰岩划归于帕那组火山岩存在问题,该凝灰岩应形成于晚白垩世新特提斯洋板片低角度或平板俯冲过程中板片自身部分熔融. 相似文献
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西藏措勤县雄玛地区始新统林子宗群帕那组
火山岩地球化学特征及构造背景 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
西藏措勤县雄玛地区林子宗群帕那组火山岩大地构造位置位于冈底斯—念青唐古拉山板片,地层分区上属于冈底斯地层区、隆格尔—南木林地层分区。岩性主要为一套以浅灰色、灰绿色流纹质凝灰岩为主,夹浅黄绿色、灰绿色流纹岩及英安岩、火山角砾岩、杂砂岩及砾岩的岩石组合。之下与永珠组和拉嘎组呈喷发不整合接触。岩石地球化学特征表明该火山岩系属过铝质的高钾钙碱性—亚碱性系列,稀土元素地球化学中轻稀土元素明显富集,微量元素中大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th、U、LREE)富集,高场强元素(Nb、P、Ti)亏损。以上特征说明雄玛地区林子宗群帕那组火山岩岩浆源于陆壳重熔,属与俯冲造山有关的陆相火山岩,同时又兼具陆—陆碰撞的特点。推测帕那组火山岩形成于新特提斯洋壳俯冲基本结束,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞开始的构造背景下,年龄大概在38Ma左右,为始新世晚期。 相似文献
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三江造山带兰坪盆地东缘火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素组成 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
青藏高原东南缘"三江"复合造山带南、北两段发育若干火山-岩浆岩带,随着火山岩年代学、地球化学数据的积累,其时空关系渐趋清晰。但由于中-新生界沉积覆盖,这些火山岩带向南常终止于兰坪盆地附近,致使火山岩时空构架不明。兰坪盆地东部弥沙地区出露盆地基底岩石,由两个构造层组成,上部为碎屑岩及生物碎屑灰岩,下部出现大量火山碎屑物质。含火山岩段出露厚约150m,可分为三个喷发-沉积韵律,由流纹质熔结凝灰岩、晶屑岩屑熔结凝灰岩组成的火山碎屑岩与紫红、灰黑色泥岩、大理岩组成的沉积岩相间组成。火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb数据表明,岩浆活动始于或早于258Ma,一直持续到248Ma。锆石原位Lu-Hf分析结果显示,早期岩浆包含较多幔源物质,而晚期岩浆则几乎完全由古老地壳局部熔融形成。本文提供的新数据表明,兰坪盆地东缘火山岩与三江造山带其它地区古特提斯洋俯冲阶段火山岩具有一致的年代学组成、相同的Hf同位素变化规律,可能属于发育在扬子板块西缘之上江达-维西-云县弧火山岩带。 相似文献
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M. Frey J. C. Hunziker E. Jäger W. B. Stern 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1983,83(1-2):185-197
Some 150 white K-micas from the Central Alps were analysed for their polymorph and phengite content. Pre-Alpine white K-micas and those belonging to the Meso-Alpine Lepontine Metamorphic “High” show exclusively the 2M1 polymorph. The 3T structural form, on the other hand, has been found in one third of the white K-micas formed during the Alpine regional metamorphism. In most cases this trigonal structure coexists with varying amounts of the 2M1 form. The 3T distribution pattern suggests that this polymorph originated during the Eo-Alpine high-pressure/“low temperature” metamorphism. Provided this interpretation is correct, the sporadic occurrence of this polymorph within the Meso-Alpine staurolite zone may be used as a tracer for the Eo-Alpine metamorphism. The following improved correlation between the (060, 331) reflections of 2M1 white K-micas and the RM-content (= 2Fe2O3+FeO+MgO in molar proportions), based on 24 micas from granitoid rocks, is presented: d(060, 331)= 1.498+0.082 RM. The phengite content of Alpine white K-micas belonging to the assemblage muscovite-biotite-K-feldspar-quartz was estimated from RM values or derived from chemical analyses and was found to be clearly related to metamorphic grade. Phengite-rich micas were formed during the Eo-Alpine high-P/“ low-T” metamorphism while aluminous muscovite was found within the Meso-Alpine thermal high of the Lepontine gneiss area. White K-micas from areas which underwent both the Eo-Alpine and the Meso-Alpine metamorphism display variable phengite contents. Although these micas show Tertiary Rb-Sr and K-Ar ages, the variable phengite content presumably reflects conditions during the Eo-Alpine high-P/“low-T” metamorphism. This interpretation implies that the cations occupying the interlayer positions are more easily equilibrated than those in octahedral and tetrahedral structural sites. A compilation of 3T white K-mica occurrences described in the literature is given in the appendix. 相似文献
12.
东帕米尔北缘韧性剪切带中的多硅白云母及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文系统地研究了东帕米尔北缘韧性推覆剪切带内糜棱岩中的多硅白云母，电子探针分析和Ｘ射线衍射测试：从剪切带边缘→中心，多硅白云母硅平均含量为３．２０３４→３．３６０９；晶胞参数ｂ０值为９．０２４→９．０２７→９．０４１→９．０４５，其物相均为２Ｍ１型。发现糜棱岩中局部夹有硅线石，糜棱岩组合之上还发育数层红帘石石英岩。多硅白云母Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄平均值为３６．９５±１．２Ｍａ。故此确定该剪切带糜棱岩形成于低温（局部可达高温）、中至高压环境，形成时代为始新世末（３７Ｍａ）。 相似文献
13.
K-Ar age determinations have been carried out on various, well-defined phengite populations from a small area of the internal part of the Sesia Zone, lower Aosta valley. There, the rocks have suffered high-pressure metamorphism, attributed to early Alpine subduction, in the stability field of jadeite + quartz (P15±1 kbar at T=550±50° C). Coarse-grained phengites from well-preserved high-pressure parageneses, and phengites (re)crystallized early during decompression at still elevated temperatures in the stability field of albite, yield identical ages close to 80 Ma. In the most external sample high-pressure phengites yield 72 Ma. The ages around 80 Ma are interpeted as essentially undisturbed cooling ages; they are not notably influenced by paragenesis, chemical composition, polymorphism, grain-size, deformation, and recrystallization at higher temperatures. This part of the Sesia Zone has cooled down about 80 Ma ago to below the blocking temperature for the K-Ar system of white mica. Some of the samples show pronounced retrogression of the high-pressure assemblages, especially formation of albite and fine-grained phengite at the expense of jadeite, and are affected by intense late deformation at temperatures of about 300 to 350° C, estimated from the small grain-size of dynamically recrystallized quartz. The ages obtained from extremely kinked or sheared coarse high-pressure phengites scatter considerably, being partly higher, partly lower than 80 Ma. The fine-grained phengite fractions from these samples yield lowered ages down to 70 Ma. These values are interpreted as mixed ages resulting from variable mixtures of fragmented high-pressure phengites and new phengite replacing jadeite; the K-Ar data suggest that the new phengites have crystallized between 60 and 70 Ma b.p. All phengites formed at low temperatures at the expense of jadeite reveal high Si-contents; these range up to 6.9 for the coarser-grained earlier generations, and up to 6.7 for the very fine-grained last generation. Relatively high pressures are required to stabilize phengites so high in Si. This implies that cooling had not been achieved by uplift and erosion; obviously the thermal structure of the crust was still strongly perturbed by continuing subduction and thrusting during the late Cretaceous. 相似文献
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《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2009,34(5-6):323-336
Geologic mapping and U–Pb detrital zircon geochronologic studies of (meta)sedimentary rocks in the Damxung area (∼90 km north of Lhasa) of the southern Lhasa terrane in Tibet provide new insights into the history of deformation and clastic sedimentation prior to late Cenozoic extension. Cretaceous nonmarine clastic rocks ∼10 km southeast of Damxung are exposed as structural windows in the footwall of a thrust fault (the Damxung thrust) that carries Paleozoic strata in the hanging wall. To the north of Damxung in the southern part of the northern Nyainqentanglha Range (NNQTL), metaclastic rocks of previously inferred Paleozoic age are shown to range in depositional age from Late Cretaceous to Eocene. The metaclastic rocks regionally dip southward and are interpreted to have been structurally buried in the footwall of the Damxung thrust prior to being tectonized during late Cenozoic transtension. Along the northern flank of the NNQTL, Lower Eocene syncontractional redbeds were deposited in a triangle zone structural setting. All detrital zircon samples of Cretaceous–Eocene strata in the Damxung area include Early Cretaceous grains that were likely sourced from the Gangdese arc to the south. We suggest that the that newly recognized Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene (meta)clastic deposits and thrust faults represent the frontal and youngest part of a northward directed and propagating Gangdese retroarc thrust belt and foreland basin system that led to significant crustal thickening and elevation gain in southern Tibet prior to India-Asian collision. 相似文献
16.
The Xiukang Mélange of the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone in south Tibet documents low efficiency of accretion along the southern active margin of Asia during Cretaceous Neotethyan subduction, followed by final development during the early Paleogene stages of the India–Asia collision. Here we present integrated petrologic, U–Pb detrital-zircon geochronology and Hf isotope data on different types of sandstone blocks in the Xiukang Mélange. Three groups of sandstone blocks with different provenance and depositional setting are distinguished by their petrographic, geochronological and isotopic fingerprints. Blocks of turbiditic quartzarenite originally sourced from the Indian continent were deposited in pre-Cretaceous time on the northernmost edge of the Indian passive margin and eventually involved into the mélange at the early stage of the India–Asia collision. Two distinct groups of volcaniclastic-sandstone blocks were derived from the central Lhasa block and Gangdese magmatic arc. One group was deposited in the trench and/or on the trench slope of the Asian margin during the early Late Cretaceous, and the other group in a syn-collisional basin just after the onset of the India–Asia collision in the Early Eocene. The largely erosional character of the Asian active margin in the Late Cretaceous is indicated by the scarcity of off-scraped trench-fill deposits and the relatively small subduction complex developed during limited episodes of accretion. The Xiukang Mélange was finally structured in the Late Paleocene/Eocene, when sandstone blocks of both Indian and Asian origin were progressively incorporated tectonically in the suture zone of the nascent Himalayan Orogen. 相似文献
17.
18.
B. PATRICK 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1995,13(1):111-124
Abstract Granitic orthogneiss is widespread throughout the metamorphic core of the Brooks Range in both the ductilely deformed blueschist/greenschist facies Schist Belt and the lower grade Central Belt (= Skajit allochthon) to the north. Orthogneiss occurs as large metaplutonic massifs and in small bodies enclosed within metasedimentary rocks. Crystallization ages for the granitic protoliths range from Proterozoic through Devonian (U-Pb zircon); the K-Ar system was reset during Cretaceous metamorphism. Mineral assemblages of the orthogneisses reflect nearly complete re-equilibration during Jurassic-Cretaceous collisional orogenesis in northern Alaska. The most common metamorphic paragenesis in orthogneiss is: Qtz + Kfs + Ab + Phe + Bt ± Ep, Ttn, Rt, Ap, Chl, Cal. Constituent minerals from 16 Brooks Range orthogneiss samples were analysed with the electron microprobe. Phengite from the Schist Belt samples is highly enriched in Al-celadonite, with Si values up to 3.50 per formula unit (on an 11-oxygen basis). Central Belt samples contain phengite with lower Si content (±3.38 p.f.u.). In nearly all samples, Si content of phengite varies considerably, reflecting partial re-equilibration to lower pressure and/or higher temperature conditions. Metamorphic conditions were estimated using the Phe-Bt-Kfs-Qtz barometer and the two-feldspar solvus thermometer. The results indicate that the Schist belt underwent high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphism (generally 9-12 kbar at 375-430° C), consistent with the widespread development of glaucophane + epidote/clinozoisite and lawsonite pseudomorphs in other rock types. The Central Belt also experienced a relatively high P-T metamorphism, with most samples yielding pressure estimates in the range 5-8 kbar (at 325-415° C). These results confirm the existence of two metamorphic belts in the core of the Brooks Range that differ in metamorphic conditions by up to 5 kbar. The range in Si content in phengite from Schist Belt samples is consistent with isothermal decompression of up to 5 kbar. 相似文献
19.
A regional melange zone, 150 km long and 30 km wide, forms the southern boundary and structural capping to a high-pressure blueschist belt in northern New Caledonia. The disrupted country rocks in the melange zone are Mesozoic metagrey-wackes and Eocene chert-limestone sequences which have been penetrated from below by tectonically-injected ophiolite slivers containing metamorphosed serpentinite, gabbro, dolerite, basalt, tuff, chert and shale. An ocean crust origin for these rocks is indicated by chemical, mineralogical and radiometric data from coastal outcrops at Anse Ponandou on the northeast coast. The age (41 m.y.), metamorphic environment (350 ° C at 7 kb), and mineral association (acmitic jadeite-riebeckite-pyropic spessartine-pistacitic epidote-lawsonite-high Si phengite) are significantly different from those of the adjacent regional high-pressure schist belt, indicating a separate structural site for blueschist metamorphism of buried ophiolitic ocean crust during early Tertiary orogenesis. 相似文献
20.
Alex Pullen Paul Kapp George E. Gehrels Peter G. DeCelles Edwin H. Brown J. Matthew Fabijanic Lin Ding 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2008,33(5-6):323-336
Geologic mapping and U–Pb detrital zircon geochronologic studies of (meta)sedimentary rocks in the Damxung area (90 km north of Lhasa) of the southern Lhasa terrane in Tibet provide new insights into the history of deformation and clastic sedimentation prior to late Cenozoic extension. Cretaceous nonmarine clastic rocks 10 km southeast of Damxung are exposed as structural windows in the footwall of a thrust fault (the Damxung thrust) that carries Paleozoic strata in the hanging wall. To the north of Damxung in the southern part of the northern Nyainqentanglha Range (NNQTL), metaclastic rocks of previously inferred Paleozoic age are shown to range in depositional age from Late Cretaceous to Eocene. The metaclastic rocks regionally dip southward and are interpreted to have been structurally buried in the footwall of the Damxung thrust prior to being tectonized during late Cenozoic transtension. Along the northern flank of the NNQTL, Lower Eocene syncontractional redbeds were deposited in a triangle zone structural setting. All detrital zircon samples of Cretaceous–Eocene strata in the Damxung area include Early Cretaceous grains that were likely sourced from the Gangdese arc to the south. We suggest that the that newly recognized Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene (meta)clastic deposits and thrust faults represent the frontal and youngest part of a northward directed and propagating Gangdese retroarc thrust belt and foreland basin system that led to significant crustal thickening and elevation gain in southern Tibet prior to India-Asian collision. 相似文献