共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Lynne D. Talley Pavel Tishchenko Vladimir Luchin Alexander Nedashkovskiy Sergey Sagalaev Dong-Jin Kang Mark Warner Dong-Ha Min 《Progress in Oceanography》2004,61(2-4):277
Hydrographic properties from CTD and discrete bottle sample profiles covering the Japan (East) Sea in summer, 1999, are presented in vertical sections, maps at standard depths, maps on isopycnal surfaces, and as property–property distributions. This data set covers most of the Sea with the exception of the western boundary region and northern Tatar Strait, and includes nutrients, pH, alkalinity, and chlorofluorocarbons, as well as the usual temperature, salinity, and oxygen observations. 相似文献
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Spatial and temporal variations in pH and total alkalinity at the beginning of the rainy season in the Changjiang Estuary, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The results of field observation carried out in May 2003 were used to examine pH and total alkalinity behaviors in the Changjiang Estuary. It was showed that pH and total alkalinity took on clear spatial variations in values with the minima in the low salinity region. Like salinity, transect distributions of pH and total alkalinity （TA） in a downriver direction had a sharp gradient each. These gradients appeared in such a sequence that the TA gradient was earlier than salinity and pH gradients, and the salinity gradient was earlier than the pH gradient. These distribution characteristics seemed to be strongly influenced by the mixing process of freshwater and seawater, for both pH and total alkalinity had significant linear relationships with salinity and temperature. For pH, phytoplankton activities also had a significant impact upon its spatial distribution. During a period of 48 h, pH and total alkalinity changed within wide ranges for every layer of the two anchor stations, namely, Stas 13 and 20, which were located at the mixed water mass and seawater mass, respectively. For both Stas 13 and 20, pH and TA fluctuation of every layer could be very wide during a 4 h period. As a whole, the data of the two anchor stations showed that neither variations in salinity and temperature nor phytoplankton activities were the main factors strongly influencing the total alkalinity temporal variability on a small time scale. The data of Sta. 20 implied that both salinity variation and phytoplankton activities had a significant influence on pH temporal variability, but the same conclusion could not be drawn from the data of Sta. 13. 相似文献
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Kathleen Agosta 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(3):389-400
Water moved into the creekbank sediments in direct response to the changing levels of the water table caused by the tides. The net water loss of the sediments was 3–30% on each low tide and this loss was confined to within 4 m (horizontal) of the creek. The replacement of this water by incoming tidal water could not supply sufficient nutrients for the growth of creekbank Spartina. However, during ebb tide there was a replacement of water in the creekbanks with nutrient-rich water from the marsh interior as demonstrated by the large changes in pore water chemistry over a tidal cycle. The concentration and the range of a chemical parameter depended upon the stage of the tide, the tidal range, the time of year and (for salinity) the rainfall patterns of the month preceding sampling. Over a single tidal cycle the maximum ranges were: salinity ‰, 26–33; alkalinity, 2·5–13·6 med 1?1, ammonia, 2–400 μm, sulfate, 23·5–29 mmol 1?1. Measurable concentrations of sulfide were only found in a few samples. This high nutrient water can supply nitrogen and probably other nutrients to Spartina. 相似文献
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东海PN断面夏季温盐及化学要素的分布特征 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
由东海PN断面夏季温鼻度及化学要素CTD资料分析表明，东海夏季的温跃层和盐跃层在次表层生成，其强度随着跃层自陆架坡折区至近岸和外海的上移逐渐减弱。陆架区近表层的温度和盐度呈垂直均匀分布，冲绳海槽次表层呈高温、高盐，近表层呈高温，近表层呈高温、低盐，底层呈低温、次高盐特征。溶解氧浓度自近岸到外海由低变高，表层至底层溶解氧浓度在陆架区由高变低，冲绳海槽区则先由低变高然后又由变低。总二氧化碳浓度自表层至底层和自陆架坡折区到近岸和外海由低变高。磷酸盐和硅酸盐浓度自近岸至外海由高变低，而自表层至底层由低变高。陆架区的近表层和陆架坡折区分别有一个高碱度区。温盐及化学要素的分布特征与夏季海区垂直环流的反气旋运动、长江冲淡水及黑潮水入侵和海面强热辐射有关。此外，化学要素分布还与夏季海区的温盐结构、表混合层与大气间二氧化碳气体交换及表混合层中碳和营养盐光合作用的利用有关。 相似文献
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The variability of the total alkalinity in the sea ice of the high-latitudinal Arctic from November 2005 to May 2006 is considered. For the bulk of the one- and two-year sea ice, the alkalinity dependence on the salinity is described as TA = k × Sal, where k is the salinity: alkalinity ratio in the under-ice water. The given relationship is valid within a wide salinity range from 0.1 psu in the desalinated fraction of two-year ice to 36 psu in the snow on the young ice surface. Geochemically significant deviations from the relationship noted were observed exclusively in the snow and the upper layer of one-year ice. In the upper layer of one-year ice, an alkalinity deficiency is observed (ΔTA ～ ?0.07 mequiv/kg, or ?15%). In the snow on the surface of the one-year ice, an alkalinity excess is formed under the desalination (ΔTA is as high as 1.3 mequiv/kg, 380%). The deviations registered are caused by the possibility of carbonate precipitation in the form of CaCO3 · 6H2O under the seawater freezing. It is shown that the ice formation and the following melting might cause a loss of the atmospheric CO2 of up to 3 × 1012 g C/year. 相似文献
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The practical (Sp) and reference (SR) salinities do not account for variations in physical properties such as density and enthalpy. Trace and minor components of seawater, such as nutrients or inorganic carbon affect these properties. This limitation has been recognized and several studies have been made to estimate the effect of these compositional changes on the conductivity–density relationship. These studies have been limited in number and geographic scope. Here, we combine the measurements of previous studies with new measurements for a total of 2857 conductivity–density measurements, covering all of the world׳s major oceans, to derive empirical equations for the effect of silica and total alkalinity on the density and absolute salinity of the global oceans and to recommend an equation applicable to most of the world׳s oceans. The potential impact on salinity as a result of uptake of anthropogenic CO2 is also discussed. 相似文献
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Saúl Alvarez-Borrego Louis I. Gordon Lynn B. Jones P. Kilho Park Ricardo M. Pytkowicz 《Journal of Oceanography》1972,28(2):71-93
The vertical distribution of density, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, apparent oxygen utilization, nutrients, preformed phosphate, pH, alkalinity, alkalinity: chlorinity ratio, in situ partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and percent saturation of calcite and aragonite, for the Southeastern Bering Sea, is studied and explained in terms of biological and physical processes. Some hydrological interactions between the Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean are explained. The horizontal distribution of dissolved oxygen at 2000 and 2500 m depths, throughout the Bering Sea, indicates that deep water is flowing from the Pacific, through the Kamchatka Strait, and then northward and eastward in the Bering Sea. Based on the dissolved oxygen distribution we estimate roughly that it takes 20 years for the deep waters to move from the Kamchatka Strait to the Southeastern part of the eastern basin. The surface concentration of nutrients is higher in the Bering Sea than in the North Pacific Ocean, probably because of upwelling and intense vertical mixing in the Bering Sea. A multivariable regression analysis of dissolved oxygen as a function of phosphate concentration and potential temperature was applied for the region where the potential temperature-salinity diagram is straight, and the confidence interval of the PO4 coefficient, at the 95% probability level, was found consistent with theRedfield biochemical oxidation model. The calcium carbonate saturation calculations show that the Bering Sea is supersaturated with aragonite in the upper 100 m, and with calcite in the upper 200 m. Below these depths seawater is undersaturated with respect to these two minerals. 相似文献
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Chlorinity, salinity, alkalinity and conductivity ratio at 15℃ have been determined for the Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary, and tome mathematical expressions of relationships between these chemical factors have been derived. These measurements form a basis of understanding the bydrochemical states of thil estuary. 相似文献
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研究渤海的可持续发展.根据 1979～1999 年渤海中部断面温度、盐度、溶解氧、营养盐的调查资料,分析了它们的分布结构和20年来的变化趋势.结果显示断面各个要素冬季的垂向分布均匀,夏季有2个冷水中心,盐度、溶解氧、营养盐在冷中心位置也出现了类似的高值或者低值中心.各要素的距平图显示盐度有上升趋势,溶解氧含量下降,无机氮逐年增加,磷酸盐和硅酸盐夏季有下降的趋势,但是冬季没有明显的增加或者减少的趋势. 相似文献
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在任丘油田河间油藏油层及流体性质（90℃温度、矿化度为5 192.2 mg/L的采出水和5 682.6 mg/L的注入水、河间原油）的条件下,研究了表面活性剂、碱和聚合物相互作用对油水界面张力的影响。结果表明,单一石油磺酸盐CDS-1在有效浓度为0.01%-0.3%范围内,瞬时动态界面张力和平衡界面张力降低到10^-2mN/m数量级。向浓度为0.05%的CDS-1溶液中加入Na2CO3,瞬时动态界面张力和平衡界面张力变化不大,仍在10^-2mN/m数量级;与Na2CO3高浓度相比,当Na2CO3浓度为0.5%时,平衡界面张力和瞬时界面张力降低明显,瞬时动态界面张力最低值低至10^-3mN/m数量级。分别在浓度为0.05%的CDS-1溶液和0.5%Na2CO3/0.05%CDS-1二元体系中加入不同浓度（浓度在500-2 500 mg/L范围内）的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺聚合物M2500,瞬时动态界面张力和平衡界面张力无明显变化,仍在10^-2mN/m数量级。该实验结果为河间油藏表面活性剂复合驱油配方的筛选提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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根据１９８８年夏季台湾海峡海域的调查资料讨论福建北部沿岸和台湾北面海域水化学的区域性特征。结果表明，福建沿岸上升流是西部海域诸化学要素分布的控制因素。台湾北面海域（２５°５０′－２６°４０′Ｎ，１２１°４５′－１２２°３０′Ｅ）水体下层出现局部冷水抬升，福建沿岸和台湾北面海域都具有低溶解氧且不饱和、高营养盐、低温、高盐的特征，溶解氧、诸营养盐与温度、盐度分别有良好的相关关系。 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2000,47(8):1583-1590
Over the next 5–10 years, the WOCE hydrographic program will generate reliable hydrographic data for the world oceans. The resultant conductivity salinity, temperature, and pressure data will generate calculated densities that will be used to examine mixing along constant density surfaces. Changes in the composition of deep waters due to the breakdown of plant material can effect the calculated densities at a given conductivity salinity. The increases in SiO2, nitrate, alkalinity, and TCO2 (or pH) can change the density of seawater as well as the conductivity. For studies of the salinity and density fields over small spatial scales, these changes will be small, but for large scale and ocean to ocean studies the differences can be significant. The density calculations based on the salinity determined from conductivity need to be adjusted for the offsets due to changes in the composition of seawater. This report describes how this correction should be made using existing information. 相似文献
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When biogenic particles of calcium carbonate and organic matter are formed or decomposed in sea water, calcium concentration, alkalinity and nitrate concentration are changed according to the following equation: ΔCa=0.5 ΔTA+0.63 ΔNO 3, where ΔCa, ΔTA and ΔNO 3 are the differences in calcium, alkalinity and nitrate concentration, respectively, between two waters. This relationship was pointed out in a previous paper of ours, and it holds well for data obtained from the North Pacific and the Japan Sea. Furthermore, in sea water containing little or no nutrients, the variations in calcium concentration and alkalinity are consistent with the variations expected from the formation and dissolution of calcium carbonate alone. 相似文献
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Kazuo Abe Norihisa Nakagawa Katsuyuki Abo Mutsumi Tsujino 《Journal of Oceanography》2013,69(2):269-275
Temporary enhancement of the nutrient concentrations in the coastal area was observed after heavy rain in the central Seto Inland Sea in July 2012. After passage of a stationary front accompanied by heavy rain, the river outflow was enhanced, and low salinity and high nutrient concentrations were detected near the mouths of rivers. The offshore salinity and nutrients increased and decreased, respectively, which suggested that a snapshot event, such as heavy rain, could influence the short-term variation of the coastal marine environmental conditions, such as the salinity and nutrient distributions. 相似文献
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In order to determine the temporal and spatial variations of nutrient profiles in the shallow pore water columns (upper 30
cm depth) of intertidal sandflats, we measured the salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water and seawater at various
coastal environments along the southern coast of Korea. In the intertidal zone, salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore
water showed marked vertical changes with depth, owing to the active exchange between the pore water and overlying seawater,
while they are temporally more stable and vertically constant in the sublittoral zone. In some cases, the advective flow of
fresh groundwater caused strong vertical gradients of salinity and nutrients in the upper 10 cm depth of surface sediments,
indicating the active mixing of the fresher groundwater with overlying seawater. Such upper pore water column profiles clearly
signified the temporal fluctuation of lower-salinity and higher-Si seawater intrusion into pore water in an intertidal sandflat
near the mouth of an estuary. We also observed a semimonthly fluctuation of pore water nutrients due to spring-neap tide associated
recirculation of seawater through the upper sediments. Our study shows that the exchange of water and nutrients between shallow
pore water and overlying seawater is most active in the upper 20 cm layer of intertidal sandflats, due to physical forces
such as tides, wave set-up, and density-thermal gradient. 相似文献