首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
In the western part of the Canadian Prairies, there are thousands of small, closed-basin saline lakes. Most of these lakes are ephemeral, filling with water during the spring and drying completely by late summer. Ceylon Lake, located in southern Saskatchewan, is typical of many of these shallow ephemeral lacustrine basins. The stratigraphic sequence recovered from this salt playa can be subdivided into six distinct facies types: (a) icelaid gravelly clay loam diamicton; (b) fluvial massive bedded to laminated sand; (c) lacustrine laminated calcareous clay and silt; (d) lacustrine laminated gypsiferous clay and silt; (e) lacustrine black, anoxic, nonlaminated, organic-rich mud; and (f) lacustrine salt. The crystalline salt facies, which can be up to 9 meters thick, is comprised mainly of sodium and sodium + magnesium sulfates, with smaller and more variable proportions of other sulfates, halides, carbonates, and insoluble clastic detritus.Although a variety of postdepositional processes have significantly altered the nature and stratigraphic relationships in the basin, the sediment fill does record, in a general way, the fluctuating depositional, hydrological, and geochemical conditions that existed in the basin since deglaciation. The Ceylon Lake basin originated about 15 000 years ago as meltwater from the retreating glacial ice cut a major spillway system in the drift and bedrock. The initial (early Holocene) phases of lacustrine sedimentation in Ceylon Lake occurred in a relatively deep freshwater lake. By about 6000 years B.P., the lake had become much shallower with numerous episodes of complete drying and subaerial exposure. The most recent 5000 years of deposition in the basin have been dominated by evaporite sedimentation. The composition of the soluble salts deposited during this time indicates some degree of cyclic sedimentation superimposed on an overall gradual shift from a sodium dominated brine to one of mixed sodium and magnesium.  相似文献   

2.
Studies on playas (known locally as inland sabkhat) are rare and lack a focus on their role as geoarchives for Holocene climate and environmental change. We present characteristic sediments and processes that illustrate the change from relatively humid to hyperarid conditions within the sedimentary record of the playa of Tayma (Saudi Arabia). The shift from the Holocene humid period (10–8 ka BP) to the hyperarid conditions of today left traces in this geoarchive. During the humid period, a perennial lake had formed in the playa depression. The occurrence of biota, especially ostracod valves and foraminifer shells, adapted to salinity fluctuations and physiochemical reactions of ostracods and foraminifers testify environmental changes. Phases of lake contraction and high salinities were responsible for the formation of ‘open water’ evaporites, such as aragonite needles, and ooids. Dilution occurred during rain events and flooding of the playa; it is characterised in the sedimentary infill by clastic layers that were deposited in graded sequences. The smooth surface, the phenomenon of microsomia and sieve pore variations of the ostracod valves provide evidence for changing salinities, which are testimony to short lived changes. These processes and further aridisation resulted in the formation of ‘capillary’ evaporites, which are dominated by sulphate minerals. The precipitates undergo fractionation and re-dissolution, which results in a typical stratification of salts with different solubilities.  相似文献   

3.
Lake sediments in the Ruhuhu Basin, Tanzania, and other East African basins have a similar facies evolution for particular time slices of the Permian and Lower Triassic. The Ruhuhu Basin exhibits three lacustrine phases related partly to climate and partly to tectonic setting. Two pre-rift lacustrine stages — post glacial and swampy lacustrine phases — are followed by major rifting in the Upper Permian. Postgacial lakes developed in pre-Karoo depressions were fed initially by meltwater and later by runoff and grounwater associated with climatic amelioration. The following swampy lacustrine episode developed from fluvial to lacustrine conditions with alternating clastic and organic input. Associated micritic carbonates and gypsum indicate high evaporation, and playa clay mineral associations provide evidence for poor drainage and saline, alkaline lake waters.The Upper Permian lake was characterized by fine clastics and biogenic carbonates. Facies include littoral clastics and turbidites, stromatolites, oolites and deeper water laminites. Early diagenetic cherts, chloritization and the absence of kaolinite indicate highly alkaline lake water during regressive phases. Stable isotopic evidence supports lake differentiation into hydrogeologically open and closed sub-basins.Two phases of rifting (Lower-Upper Permian; Upper Permian-Lower Triassic) are recognized in several Karoo basins. Rift evolution and lake formation are intimately related. The first rifting episode was characterized by local extension of depositional areas. Half-graben basinal asymmetry and permanent lacustrine conditions became established. The second episode was regional, and was characterized by further extension of depositional area, a basal unconformity, and a hiatus between the uppermost Permian and lowermost Triassic units. Climate was the main controlling factor during the Early Permian lake development, whereas structural constraints strongly influenced vertical and lateral facies development in the Late Permian/Early Triassic lakes.  相似文献   

4.
We conducted a paleolimnological investigation of late Holocene deposits on a distal, constrained floodplain of the Cauca River, northern Colombia, i.e. the La Caimana sedimentary succession. The record starts sometime between 4,500 and 4,000 cal yr BP, when the first high-energy fluvial events inundated an ancient soil surface. From that time until about 3,260 cal yr BP, a stable and probably seasonal flooding regime was established on the floodplain. From ~3,260 to ~2,800 cal yr BP, ephemeral and shallow swamps developed on the floodplain. Their formation and duration depended on their connection with the Cauca River. From ~2,800 to ~2,400 cal yr BP, fluvial influence became more dominant, establishing a semi-permanent connection between the river and the floodplain. From ~2,400 to 1,400 cal yr BP, episodic formation of ephemeral swamps occurred. During this stage, floodplain lakes displayed high salinity and nutrient concentrations, and possibly alkaline conditions as a consequence of reduced water volume when the connection with the river was reduced or lost completely. A change in the hydrological regime occurred from ~1,400 to ~850 cal yr BP, when high-energy fluvial events were punctuated by periods of reduced flooding that enabled soil formation. Generally, connection with the Cauca River resulted in lake waters with low salinity and nutrient concentration, whereas loss of connection with the river led to lakes with greater salinity and nutrient content. Paleocurrent analyses indicate that flows came predominantly from the Cauca River, suggesting the lakes were formed by the impoundment of La Caimana Creek. The sedimentary succession of La Caimana offers a unique, high-resolution record of the evolution and dynamics of an ancient floodplain of the Cauca River and its aquatic ecosystems.  相似文献   

5.
毛乌素沙地布寨淖尔下风向沙化湖滨地表沉积物理化特性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
布寨淖尔湖是鄂尔多斯高原毛乌素沙地腹地的代表性盐湖,其东南部分布着平坦裸露的沙化湖滨\,湖岸沙丘及半固定沙丘,地表均沉积有大量沙物质与粉尘,这些松散富盐物质在风力侵蚀作用下常形成盐碱尘暴,威胁下风向区域的生态环境安全。研究了布寨淖尔湖东南部区域2.5 km范围内地表沉积物的土壤粒度与理化特性,旨在为盐碱尘暴源区的防治与生态治理提供基础科学参考。结果表明:布寨淖尔湖滨裸露地表沉积物以粗砂、中沙和细砂为主;从湖心沿东南方向等距离(0.5 km)采样,距湖心越远,粗砂和细砂含量逐渐减小,极细砂、粉砂和黏土含量逐渐增加,中砂含量无明显变化。地表沉积物含水率、容重随与湖心距离的增加逐渐增加,pH值、全盐量及电导率则呈逐渐减小趋势;沉积物阳离子以Na+为主,阴离子以Cl-为主,其次为SO42-、HCO-3。整体看,区内地表碱化较为严重,区域下风向土壤理化特征呈明显有规律变化趋势,湖滨地表土壤有明显风蚀迹象,可能是盐碱尘暴与湖岸沙丘形成的重要物源区。  相似文献   

6.
We provide textural, geochemical, and mineralogical data on a thin, silty deposit that unconformably mantles glaciated uplands in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Previous research on this deposit, which we hypothesize to be loess, is nonexistent. The uplands were islands or narrow peninsulas within one or more glacial lakes. We compare the distribution, likely source and nature of the 20–60 cm thick silty mantle by using the loess formation model of Mason et al. [Mason, J.A., Nater, E.A., Zanner, C.W., Bell, J.C., 1999. A new model of topographic effects on the distribution of loess. Geomorphology 28, 223–236], which focuses on the generation of eolian silt by saltating sand across upwind, barren surfaces. Parabolic dunes, with arms open to the NW, are common on former lake floors upwind of the silt-mantled uplands, attesting to the strength and direction of paleowinds. The abrupt termination of the dunes at the footslopes of the uplands, associated with silt deposition on upland soil surfaces in downwind locations, are both consistent with the model of Mason et al. [Mason, J.A., Nater, E.A., Zanner, C.W., Bell, J.C., 1999. A new model of topographic effects on the distribution of loess. Geomorphology 28, 223−236]. Sediments on former lake floors contain abundant strata of fine/medium sand and silt, and thus are likely sources for the silt and dune sand. The cap, dune and lake sediments are similar along many different geochemical axes, whereas the substrate sediment, i.e., the drift below the cap, is unique. Cap sediments, normally containing roughly 30% silt, are enriched in quartz and depleted in Ti and Zr, relative to dune sediment. The dune sediment, a more residual eolian deposit, is enriched in Ti and Zr, relative to the cap, probably due to its greater abundance of heavy minerals. Therefore, we conclude that the silty cap is loess that was deflated from abandoned lake floors after nearby glacial lakes drained, probably contemporaneously with dune migration across the former lake floors.  相似文献   

7.
An episode of high lake levels prior to the last maximum glaciation has been identified at many localities in wastern Australia. Similar events have been recognized at playa lakes in central Australia, where gypsum dunes along playa margins formed during one or more episodes of high groundwater discharge, with a large influx of calcium sulphate.At Lake Lewis, exposures at two islands show similar sediment sequences: three pedogenic gypcrete layers interbedded with aeolian quartz and gypsum sand horizons form three units within gypsum dunes up to 7 m high. The lowest unit has cliffed edges buried by the upper units, indicating a significant time break. Four TL dates (coarse-grained quartz) show that this lowest unit was deposited at or before 70–80 ka. The middle unit of mixed gypsum and quartz sand capped by gypcrete represents the major phase of gypsum dune formation, and 6 TL dates range from 33 to 46 ka with overlapping error bars. These are slightly younger but statistically similar to TL dates (from 39 to 59 ka) of the shoreline gypsum dune at Lake Amadeus in the same region. The top unit of the two islands, up to 1 m thick, has not yet been well dated. One date is inconsistent with the well dated middle layer below, possibly because of incomplete bleaching, and has been rejected. The other date (17 ± 5 ka) is much younger which possibly indicates a minor and local reactivation of old gypsum sediments. At the lake margin, there are quartz dunes overlying the gypsum dunes, and a buried aeolian quartz sand layer occurs in a lake-margin terrace. These represent reactivation of the regional quartz dune field after the major gypsum dune formation. Two consistent TL dates (21 ± 4 ka and 23 ± 6 ka) indicate that regional dunes were active at about the time of the Last Glacial Maximum.  相似文献   

8.
Depositional models of ancient lakes in thin‐skinned retroarc foreland basins rarely benefit from appropriate Quaternary analogues. To address this, we present new stratigraphic, sedimentological and geochemical analyses of four radiocarbon‐dated sediment cores from the Pozuelos Basin (PB; northwest Argentina) that capture the evolution of this low‐accommodation Puna basin over the past ca. 43 cal kyr. Strata from the PB are interpreted as accumulations of a highly variable, underfilled lake system represented by lake‐plain/littoral, profundal, palustrine, saline lake and playa facies associations. The vertical stacking of facies is asymmetric, with transgressive and thin organic‐rich highstand deposits underlying thicker, organic‐poor regressive deposits. The major controls on depositional architecture and basin palaeogeography are tectonics and climate. Accommodation space was derived from piggyback basin‐forming flexural subsidence and Miocene‐Quaternary normal faulting associated with incorporation of the basin into the Andean hinterland. Sediment and water supply was modulated by variability in the South American summer monsoon, and perennial lake deposits correlate in time with several well‐known late Pleistocene wet periods on the Altiplano/Puna plateau. Our results shed new light on lake expansion–contraction dynamics in the PB in particular and provide a deeper understanding of Puna basin lakes in general.  相似文献   

9.
伊朗盐湖广泛分布,具有丰富的盐湖矿产资源和盐湖生物资源。综合文献资料,重点分析了伊朗盐湖的分布、研究热点、研究机构和研究人员等现状。伊朗盐湖主要为乌尔米耶湖、Meyghan湖、Fesendooz湖、马哈尔卢盐沼和Tashk湖;干盐滩为Houze Sultan干盐滩、巴赫泰甘干盐滩、Gaav Khooni干盐滩、纳马克干盐滩、Khur干盐滩和Haj Aligholj干盐滩;伊朗南部沿海盐类资源集中分布;盐沙漠为达什特坎维和达什特鲁。分析得出伊朗盐湖研究领域论文呈整体增长态势,伊朗盐湖主要的研究内容为盐湖生态环境、盐湖地质、水资源以及盐湖生物,涉及科研机构和科研人员最多的研究领域为盐湖微生物。  相似文献   

10.
As many as 2500 interdune lakes lie within the Nebraska Sand Hills, a 50000 km stabilized sand sea. The few published data on cores from these lakes indicate they are typically underlain by less than two m of Holocene lacustrine sediments. However, three lakes in the southwestern Sand Hills, Swan, Blue, and Crescent, contain anomalously thick marsh (peat) and lacustrine (gyttja) sediments. Swan Lake basin contains as much as 8 m of peat, which was deposited between about 9000 and 3300 years ago. This peat is conformably overlain by as much as 10.5 m of gyttja. The sediment record in Blue lake, which is 3 km downgradient from Swan lake, dates back to only about 6000 years ago. Less than two m of peat, which was deposited from 6000 to 5000 years ago, is overlain by 12 m of gyttja deposited in the last 4300 years. Crescent Lake basin, one km downgradient from Blue Lake, has a similar sediment history except for a lack of known peat deposits. Recently, a 8-km long segment of a paleovalley was documented running beneath the three lakes and connecting to the head of Blue Creek Valley. Blockage of this paleovalley by dune sand during two arid intervals, one shortly before 10500 yr BP and one in the mid-Holocene, has resulted in a 25 m rise in the regional water table. This made possible the deposition of organic-rich sediment in all three lakes. Although these lakes, especially Swan, would seem ideal places to look for a nearly complete record of Holocene climatic fluctuations, the paleoclimatic record is confounded by the effect dune dams have on the water table. In Swan Lake, the abrupt conversion from marsh to lacustrine deposition 3300 years ago does not simply record the change to a wetter regional climate; it reflects the complex local hydrologic changes surrounding the emplacement and sealing of dune dams, as well as regional climate.  相似文献   

11.
The extraction of paleohydrological and paleoclimatological information from a modern hydrological system, shown to represent unique and extreme hydroclimatological conditions, is illustrated by an example from the Mojave River drainage basin in southern California. The Mojave River allows only the most extreme floods to reach its terminal basin in the Silver Lake playa and to form ephemeral lakes. All the other floods are lost by transmission into the alluvial aquifer along its 200 km channel. This filtering out of regular floods by the river provides an essential tool in establishing a physical link between atmospheric and hydrologic conditions. We demonstrate such a link between anomalous, present-day atmospheric circulation patterns over the North Pacific Ocean, extreme storms in southern California that produced the heaviest precipitation on record, the largest floods of record in the Mojave River watershed, and ephemeral lakes in its terminal playa. This physical link determines the possible cause of the formations of perennial, short-duration, shallow lakes in Silver Lake playa during the late Holocene and characterizes the hydroclimatic conditions that prevailed during these lacustrine episodes. Hydrological simulations of this river and its filtering character demonstrate that these lakes could have formed only if the most extreme modern storms and floods were more frequent in at least an order of magnitude during specific time episodes. We conclude that such extreme hydroclimatic conditions occurred more frequent in past episodes during which the Holocene lakes formed. In turn, this conclusion indicates that the cause of these storms and floods, i.e. the anomalous atmospheric circulation pattern, must have been more frequent. This research outlines a way to extract information on Holocene climates in hydrologic settings that demonstrate a unique cause and effect relationship.  相似文献   

12.
A study on two closed salt lake basins, Tal Chapar and Parihara in the eastern margin of the Thar Desert, Rajasthan, was carried out to unravel late Quaternary geomorphic evolution of these saline lakes. Both lakes are elliptical in shape bordered by stabilised dunes, and are oriented in a NE-SW direction, i.e., in the direction of the prevailing summer monsoon wind. Both lakes have been formed in the wind-shadow zones of isolated hills of Precambrian quartzite. Our study indicates that the late Quaternary sediments in the lakes began with the cyclic deposition of laminated fine silt layers (0.5 m thick), rich in organic matter, alternating with ripple cross-bedded sand layers (each ∼1.5–2 m thick). Sand layers that are moderately sorted are separated by laminated silt-clay layers with gypsum/calcite and this unit occurs in the upper most 4 m sequence in deeper sections. The presence of gypsum crystals within the laminated sediments suggests a high concentration of Ca in the inflowing water. At Parihara Lake the organic carbon-rich sediments at 95 cm depth was dated to 7,375 + 155/−150 year BP. At Tal Chapar radiocarbon dates of 7,190 + 155/−150 and 9,903 + 360/−350 was obtained from the sediments rich in organic carbon occurring at a depth of 1.35 m and 1.80 m, respectively. The study reveals strong hydrologic oscillations during the past ∼14,000 year BP (13,090 + 310/−300 year BP). Quaternary geomorphic processes, especially the strong aeolian processes during dry climatic phases, played a major role in the formation of the lake basins, as well as the fringing linear dunes. Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of the lacustrine sediments, supported by radiocarbon dates indicate the existence of an ephemeral lake earlier than ∼13,000 year BP as sediments began to be deposited in a lacustrine environment implying sustained runoff in the catchments. A freshwater lake formed between 9,000 year and 7,000 year BP. The lake dried periodically and this strong fluctuating regime continued until about ∼7,000 year BP. Mid-Holocene was wet and this was possibly due to higher winter rains A saline lake existed between 6,000 year and 1,300 year BP and finally present day semi arid conditions set in since 1,200 year BP. Remnants of a habitation site (hearth and charred bones) on stabilised dune at Devani near Tal Chapar were dated to 240 ± 120 year, while that at Gopalpura was dated to 335 ± 90 year. These historical sites on stabilised dunes were, according to the local accounts, settlements of people who used the lake brine for manufacturing salt.  相似文献   

13.
Providence Canyon, one of a series of large gullies in the upper Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States, formed as a result of deforestation and agricultural development in the early 1800's. Sediment eroded from the canyon aggraded the floodplain downstream, dammed tributary valleys, and formed North and South Glory Hole lakes (NGH, 4.8 ha and SGH, 2.5 ha). Sedimentary sequences in these lakes include a basal unit (I) of layered sand and clayey-sand overlain by 0.05-0.1 m of mud, fine sand and organic matter, with large fragments of wood (Unit IIa). An upper unit (IIb) 0.29-1.61 m thick consists of silt and clay containing discrete layers of sand. We interpret Unit I as floodplain alluvium deposited before the lakes were dammed, Unit IIa as sediment deposited during the early phase of the lakes when detritus from trees killed by flooding was abundant, and Unit IIb as lacustrine mud deposited after lake levels stabilized, with periodic pulses of sand eroded from Providence Canyon introduced to the lake by backflooding events. Basal dates extrapolated from a 210Pb chronology for the upper part of SGH core suggests that development of the canyon and formation of the lakes began in the 1840's, and that lake levels stabilized by about 1880. Although consistent with historical accounts of the age of Providence Canyon, these dates must be considered as approximate because of uncertainty in extrapolating dates to the bottom of the core.In contrast, the 210Pb chronology for the upper portion of the core (post 1930) is validated independently using historical climatic records, and indicates that lacustrine sedimentation faithfully records recent land-use change visible in historical aerial photography. An 8-fold increase in lacustrine sedimentation occurred after the clearing of forest near SGH in the 1930's and 1940's, and a 1.5-fold increase occurred because of road construction in the l950's. Individual sand layers deposited between 1830 and 1957 correlate with erosion at Providence Canyon during major storm events. Since then, downcutting and headward incision by the stream draining Providence Canyon have reduced backflooding to the Glory Hole lakes. As a result, the thickness of individual sand layers decreased, although increases in mass sedimentation rates for mud correspond more directly with large precipitation events after channel incision cut off the major source of sediment from Providence Canyon. The results of this study illustrate the value of the lacustrine sedimentary record in assessing geomorphic, climatic, and human-induced environmental change in heavily disturbed landscapes.  相似文献   

14.
A complete third-order tectono-sedimentary cycle filled the Vernet lacustrine piggyback basin during the late Eocene. The depositional sequence can be subdivided into five units or systems tracts with distinct architectural frameworks, which developed a progressive unconformity. Sedimentary infilling of the piggyback basin began with retrogradational alluvial fans and fluvio-alluvial deposits being deposited, arranged in two thinning- and fining-upward cycles during the uplifting and emplacement of the southernmost Pyrenean thrusts, and with three thickening- and coarsening-upward progradational floodplain and lacustrine cycles, during the quiescence of the southernmost thrusts, at the same time as the emplacement of several northernmost thrusts of the southern Pyrenees. The facies associations identified represent different depositional environments in a sheetflow-dominated system, including playa-lake deposits, floodplain deposits, sheetflow fluvial deposits and sheet deltas in ephemeral to shallow lacustrine settings. Fourth and fifth order arid/semi-arid climatic cycles can be recognized, driven either by orbital obliquity and precessional forcing (Milankovitch cyclicity), insolation cycles or possibly subprecessional autogenic mechanisms related to the emplacement of northern thrusts and the consequent changes in the drainage basin. Arid periods are recorded by sheetflood fluvial, ephemeral lacustrine or terminal splay deposits, with abundant medium-to-coarse-grained sandstone packages in red-to-grey mudstones, a product of unconfined or low-confined sheetflows or hyperconcentrated flows, with bedload and suspended load, during flood episodes, at times of lake lowstand. Semi-arid periods are recorded as relative highstand lacustrine deposits, including grey-to-white mudstones deposited in prodelta environments and fine-grained sheet sandstone units sedimented in a delta front (with minor channels and extensive sheet lobes) and prodelta environments in shallow lakes, from sheetflood events.  相似文献   

15.
伊朗盐湖分布众多,具有丰富的盐湖矿产资源和盐湖生物资源,本文综合文献资料,重点分析了伊朗盐湖的分布、研究热点、研究机构和研究人员等现状。分析得出伊朗盐湖研究领域论文整体增长态势。伊朗盐湖主要为乌尔米耶湖、Meyghan湖、Fesendooz湖、马哈尔卢盐沼和Tashk湖;干盐滩为Houze Sultan干盐滩、巴赫泰甘干盐滩、Gaav Khooni干盐滩、纳马克干盐滩、Khur干盐滩和Haj Aligholj干盐滩;在伊朗南部沿海分布大量的盐类资源;盐沙漠为达什特坎维和达什特鲁。伊朗盐湖主要的研究内容为盐湖生态环境、盐湖地质、水资源以及盐湖生物,涉及科研机构和科研人员最多的研究领域为盐湖微生物。  相似文献   

16.
毛乌素沙地北缘泊江海子剖面粒度特征及环境意义   总被引：12，自引：8，他引：4  
隆浩  王乃昂  李育  王晨华 《中国沙漠》2007,27(2):187-193
通过毛乌素沙地现代风成沙的粒度与泊江海子剖面沉积物粒度特征对比分析,确定了剖面中4个层位（290—210 cm、190—160 cm 、153.5—123.5 cm、50—40 cm）基本属于风成砂沉积,并且这些风成砂中间夹杂着三次湖相沉积,结合14C年代测定,我们认为此区域在4 000—5 000 a BP存在以下沉积（气候）旋回:至(4 958±84)a BP,沉积风成砂,反映该时期风沙活动强烈,气候干燥,冬季风强盛;(4 958±84)a BP前后,沉积物为灰绿色湖相层,表明这一时期存在短暂的湖面扩展,沙漠退缩;(4 958±84)—(4 793±74)a BP,沉积风成砂,反映了湖泊的退缩和沙漠的扩展;(4 793±74)—(4 536±70)a BP,湖相沉积物,反映了流域降水量的增多;(4 536±70)—(4 085±67)a BP沉积风成砂后,(4 085±67)a BP前后又出现了短暂的湖相沉积,之后又是风成砂沙沉积。  相似文献   

17.
Sediment cores collected from embayed lakes along the east-central coast of Lake Michigan are used to construct aeolian sand records of past coastal dune mobility, and to constrain former lake levels in the Lake Michigan basin. Time series analysis of sand cycles based on the weight-percent aeolian sand within lacustrine sediment, reveals statistically significant spectral peaks that coincide with established lake level cycles in Lake Michigan and the Gleissberg sunspot cycle of minima. Longer cycles of ~ 800 and ~ 2200 years were also identified that correspond to solar cycles. Shorter cycles between 80 and 220 years suggest a link between coastal dune mobility, climate, and lake levels in the Lake Michigan basin. Radiocarbon-dated sedimentary contacts of lacustrine sediment overlying wetland sediment record the Nipissing transgression in the Lake Michigan basin. Lake level rise closely mimics the predicted uplift of the North Bay outlet, with lake level rise slowing when outflow was transferred to the Port Huron/Sarnia outlet. The Nipissing highstand was reached after 5000 cal (4.4 ka) BP.  相似文献   

18.
Lacustrine deposits of the Malanzán Formation record sedimentation in a small and narrow mountain paleovalley. Lake Malanzán was one of several water bodies formed in the Paganzo Basin during the Late Carboniferous deglaciation. Five sedimentary facies have been recognized. Facies A (Dropstones-bearing laminated mudstones) records deposition from suspension fall-out and probably underflow currents coupled with ice-rafting processes in a basin lake setting. Facies B (Ripple cross-laminated sandstones and siltstones) was deposited from low density turbidity currents in a lobe fringe environment. Facies C (Massive or graded sandstones) is thought to represent sedimentation from high and low density turbidity currents in sand lobes. Facies D (Folded sandstones and siltstones) was formed from slumping in proximal lobe environments. Facies E (Wave-rippled sandstones) records wave reworking of sands supplied by turbidity currents above wave base level.The Lake Malanzán succession is formed by stacked turbidite sand lobe deposits. These lobes were probably formed in proximal lacustrine settings, most likely relatively high gradient slopes. Paleocurrents indicate a dominant direction from cratonic areas to the WSW. Although the overall sequence shows a regressive trend from basin fine-grained deposits to deltaic and braided fluvial facies, individual lobe packages lack of definite vertical trends in bed thickness and grain size. This fact suggests aggradation from multiple-point sources, rather than progradation from single-point sources. Sedimentologic and paleoecologic evidence indicate high depositional rate and sediment supply. Deposition within the lake was largely dominated by event sedimentation. Low diversity trace fossil assemblages of opportunistic invertebrates indicate recolonization of event beds under stressed conditions.Three stages of lake evolutionary history have been distinguished. The vertical replacement of braided fluvial deposits by basinal facies indicates high subsidence and a lacustrine transgressive episode. This flooding event was probably linked to a notable base level rise during postglacial times. The second evolutionary stage was typified by the formation of sand turbidite lobes from downslope mass-movements. Lake history culminates with the progradation of deltaic and braided fluvial systems  相似文献   

19.
沙粒是区域地表沙化的重要物质基础,以呼伦湖西南部典型间歇性干涸盐湖的湖滨带为研究对象,通过野外采样和室内测定,分析沉积物粒度组成及平均粒径、标准偏差、偏度和峰态值等粒度参数,探讨粒度与可蚀性特征。结果表明:区内干涸盐湖湖滨带沉积物属沙壤土,干涸湖滨带是潜在的风蚀粉尘释放源;粉砂和细砂是湖滨带沉积物呈现空间变化的主要粒级,从湖心到湖滨带,沉积物粒径频率分布曲线呈三峰态向双峰态渐变,地表粗化现象明显;风力搬运侵蚀是表层沉积物粒度发生变化的主要原因。受主风向影响,呼伦湖西南部咸水湖干涸湖滨带存在沿主风向扩大趋势,如进一步连通成片可能发展为呼伦贝尔沙地新的风蚀区,应该引起重视。  相似文献   

20.
Radiocarbon and uranium-series ages of a variety of materials from the Lahontan basin indicate that the last highstand lake occurred between 14 500 and 13 000 yr B.P. Although few in number, existing radiocarbon and uranium-series age data also indicate that lakes in the western Lahontan subbasins were small or moderate in size between 30 000 and 25 000 yr B.P. Existing data do not support the conclusions of Bradbury et al. (1989) who did not find evidence of a 14 000±yr B.P. highstand lake in the sediments of the Walker Lake subbasin. These data also do not support the existence of a highstand lake in the Walker Lake subbasin between 30 000 and 25 000 yr B.P.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号