共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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地球及其形状非对称性的重力学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
依据卫星重力、大地水准面观测结果,对表示地球形状的大地水准面异常进行了不同阶次的球谐函数计算和分析,发现2~6阶大地水准面异常表现出了地球双重非对称的基本形状,而高于6阶的大地水准面异常只表示了地球形态的局部变化特征。另外,采用阻尼最小二乘方法,利用全球地震层析成像资料和大地水准面异常资料联合反演了三维全球地幔密度异常。结果显示了地幔密度异常不仅在横向上,而且在纵向上也存在着明显的不均匀性。对比分析低阶大地水准面异常和地幔密度异常结果表明,地球形状非对称性主要是由下地幔的物质密度不均匀引起的。 相似文献
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核幔边界（core-mantle boundary,CMB）是地球内部最重要的物理化学界面之一,地核和地幔通过核幔边界发生多种相互作用,这对地球重力场、地球自转及地磁场等都能产生重要影响。大地水准面异常是地球重力场的重要观测量,反映了地球内部的物质密度异常及界面变化等重要信息。推导了通过大地水准面异常反演核幔边界起伏的公式,利用2~4阶大地水准面异常反演了大尺度核幔边界起伏形态。结果显示,核幔边界起伏的径向幅度达±5 km、与Morelli的地震层析成像结果的幅度接近,但在形态上略有差异。以高为5 km、底边长为1 000 km的棱柱体模型模拟计算了核幔边界密度异常引起的大地水准面异常响应,结果与观测大地水准面异常比较接近。 相似文献
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月球Airy均衡状态与月壳厚度估计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
月球水准面异常和表面地形变化是其内部密度不均匀和各个界面的起伏变化的体现,因此利用水准面和地形之比(geoid to topography ratio,GTR)可估计月球均衡和月壳厚度。本文基于月球重力场模型SGM100h和地形模型STM359_grid-02,经过去除表面玄武岩填充和深层异常质量影响,并结合理论Airy均衡模型中GTR与参考月壳厚度的关系,计算得到了新的月壳厚度模型。该模型的月壳平均厚度为36.9 km,背面比正面平均厚约13.5 km,Apollo12/14登陆点的月壳厚度分别是28.3 km和29.1 km。在各月海盆地存在着中央较薄、四周逐渐增厚的趋势。 相似文献
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全球地幔密度异常及其构造意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用扣除地形、莫霍面和核幔边界起伏影响的中长波大地水准面异常和全球地震层析成像资料,采用阻尼最小二乘方法反演计算了全球地幔6个不同层面上的密度异常分布。分析了全球密度异常与板块构造的关系,探讨了全球密度异常分布对板块运动的作用。全球地幔密度异常结果表明存在两个主要的密度异常中心：一个位于东经80°,北纬0°;另一个位于东经240°,北纬10°附近。 相似文献
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目前,城市、平原地区的似大地水准面建立精度已经达到厘米级,但在矿区进行高程拟合时,由于地面高低起伏没有规则,其似大地水准面的拟合精度并不理想。针对此问题,本文提出利用遗传算法优化Elman神经网络的方法精化似大地水准面,采用移去-恢复法对残差进行建模,使用EGM 2008地球重力场模型和地形起伏信息来精化求解似大地水准面和参考椭球面之间的高程异常,同时着重分析了地球重力场模型以及地形变化信息对高程异常求解的重要性,并使用某矿区实测数据(GPS、水准)对所提方法进行验证,实验结果表明:文中所提方法的精度要优于二次曲面拟合模型和单一Elman模型,其外符合精度达到了1.14 cm,可以代替四等水准测量。 相似文献
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利用测站点上的重力测量信息,根据Bruns公式研究了大地水准面高的变化特性,得出垂线偏差是大地水准面相对水准椭球面倾斜的线性改正,重力异常是大地水准面相对水准椭球面弯曲的线性改正,以及地形起伏效应构成大地水准面高的二阶变化等结论.在此基础上,提出了顾及测站点上重力场信息的大地水准面高的拟合方法,并分析了该方法相对于二次曲面函数拟合的优越性. 相似文献
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针对大地水准面精化问题,该文提出了基于大地水准面起伏几何性质构建精确大地水准面的方法。相对传统方法根据经验公式设计精化大地水准面分辨率,该文提出了一种顾及区域性特点的大地水准面分辨率设计方法,推导了构建厘米级大地水准面需要达到的空间分辨率计算公式。采用Alltrans EGM2008Calculator 1.00软件计算不同区域的大地水准面高程,并用坡度方法分析大地水准面的精细结构。最后以江西省大地水准面起伏为基础,采用该方法进行计算。结果表明:构建厘米级大地水准面需要达到的空间分辨率为7″,可为大地水准面精化研究提供参考。 相似文献
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空间数据自动综合研究进展及趋势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WANG Jia-yao 《测绘学院学报》2008,(1)
首先从几个方面论述了这样一个观点:地图制图综合历来是地图学中最富挑战性和创造性的领域,数字环境下的空间数据自动综合仍是现代地图学面临的核心问题之一。在此基础上,按照发展的观点,从5个方面系统地综述了空间数据自动综合研究的进展,总结了已有的成果,讨论了存在的问题,并分析了空间数据自动综合研究的趋势和任务。 相似文献
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配置法在卫星轨道积分中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍了配置法的基本原理和计算方法,探讨了其在卫星轨道积分中的应用。分析了不同的积分步长与方法阶数对积分精度的影响,并确定了适宜的积分步长与方法阶数(与Bernese软件的缺省值一致)。此外,通过与用传统数值积分方法设计的联合积分器计算结果进行比较,得出了配置法的一些优点:可以取较大的积分步长;配置法直接给出的是各个积分区间的多项式系数,用户无需进行内插和拟合即可方便地得到任意时刻的卫星位置和速度。 相似文献
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Laurence P. Adams 《The Photogrammetric Record》2001,17(98):225-242
In the Preface to his book, The Four Faces of Fourcade, Clare Storrar (1990) wrote: "It is di.cult to appreciate the breadth and depth of Henry Georges Fourcade's intelligence and creative power. He was an intellectual giant, a phenomenon, whose theoretical and practical achievements have never received proper recognition. These were all the more remarkable because he began his original work on photogrammetry when science in South Africa was in its infancy, and he laboured alone far from libraries and other research facilities. His only higher academic training was in land surveying. He was adept in each of four sciences at various stages in his life, but, mainly because of his natural reserve, his reputation was highly compartmentalised. To foresters he was 'the most brilliant forestry officer of his time' to surveyors, he was exceptionally learned in theory and skilled in practice. Photogrammetry was a new subject, unheard of, except by a handful of scientists. In botany, which he took up seriously at the age of fifty-five, his work was highly regarded by leading botanists in South Africa and in Europe. All stood in awe of his extraordinary talent and ability. Some were frightened of him. But few were able—in fact, not even the best brains were wholly qualified—to grasp fully the tremendous intellectual stature and potential of this protean man."
This paper briefly describes the historic achievements of Henry Georges Fourcade, with the emphasis on his land surveying and, in particular, his photogrammetric contributions to science. The centenary of one of these, his proposal of a stereoscopic method of photographic surveying, occurs in October 2001. 相似文献
This paper briefly describes the historic achievements of Henry Georges Fourcade, with the emphasis on his land surveying and, in particular, his photogrammetric contributions to science. The centenary of one of these, his proposal of a stereoscopic method of photographic surveying, occurs in October 2001. 相似文献
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David Forrest 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):232-241
AbstractThis paper documents ongoing glacier retreat in the eastern part of the Granatspitz Mountains (Hohe Tauern Range, Austrian Alps) for the time period 2003–2009 using aerial photogrammetry. Aerial photographs of 2003, 2006, and 2009 were made available by the Hydrological Service of the Regional Government of Salzburg, the Federal Office of Metrology, Surveying and Mapping, Vienna, and the Regional Government of the Tyrol, respectively. High resolution multi-temporal digital elevation models and digital orthophotos of the area of interest were derived using digital photogrammetric methods to provide a sound basis for glaciological research. Glacier outlines of the three glacial stages were mapped interactively. Temporal change in area and surface height of the glaciers mapped clearly document glacier retreat. Glacier mass balance based on the geodetic method was calculated for Stubacher Sonnblickkees (Glacier). Mean annual specific net balance amounts to ?656 mm w.e. for the time period 2003–2009, with a mass balance gradient of 324 mm w.e. (100 m)?1 and an equilibrium-line altitude of 2995 m a.s.l. Digital orthophoto maps and other thematic maps, e.g. showing surface height change, were prepared to support further data interpretation. Both the study area and its spatio-temporal change were visualized with special emphasis on the glaciers in a computer generated video film. Another film (exposure 29 August 2011) shows the lower part of Stubacher Sonnblickkees and its surroundings for reasons of comparison. 相似文献
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TM 图像的信息量分析及特征信息提取的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
图像信息量分析是图像处理的基础,为此,本文研究了三个不同植被覆盖类型区,即多林区(森林覆盖在40％以上)、一般林地分布的丘陵区(森林覆盖10-30％)和农田为主的丘陵与平原区的图像信息量。分析同一地区冬夏两季的图像信息特征后得知,红外波段的信息量高于可见光波段,其中信息量最大的是TM5波段,最小的是TM2波段。同时对不同情况下波段间的相关性、均值和标准差等统计特征值也进行了分析。据此就图像增强、信息特征提取方法,如主成分分析、缨帽变换(KT变换)、比值等方法以及波段组合等进行了系统研究,并就其实用条件进行了探讨和评价。 相似文献