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中国盐湖锂资源的产业化现状-以西台吉乃尔盐湖和扎布耶盐湖为例 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
锂对国民经济和国家安全具有重要意义, 是21世纪的能源金属。近10年, 中国主要从国外进口碳酸锂产品。中国是一个多盐湖的国家, 盐湖锂占锂资源工业总储量的85%。现代第四纪盐湖主要分布在我国西北的青海、西藏、新疆和内蒙古四省区, 具有很好的开发前景。经过多年科研后, 目前国内已经在西台吉乃尔和扎布耶两个盐湖建立了卤水提锂产业。本文对比研究了这两个盐湖资源状况和地理气候条件, 以及由此而决定的盐湖资源开发工艺流程, 探讨了其工艺优化方向。并指出这两个盐湖具有锂资源储量大, 品位高的优势, 但是受盐湖类型或地理气候条件限制, 工艺上有待改善。建议继续加强对盐湖开发技术优化和对盐湖提锂产业的扶持。 相似文献
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大柴达木盐湖硼同位素地球化学研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以测定Ｃｓ２ＢＯ２＾＋离子的热电离质谱法，用ＶＧ－３５４型质谱计测定了大柴达木盐湖卤水及其外围水系的硼同位素组成。其卤水的δ＾１１Ｂ值为＋４．９６‰－＋９．１１‰，外围水系的δ＾１１Ｂ值为－３．８５％￣－４２．６８‰。同时也测定了其湖底沉积物，外围碳酸盐泉华和硼酸盐的硼同位素组成，它们的δ＾１１Ｂ值分别为－１７．７８‰￣＋２．５６‰、－３１．９７‰￣＋０．１７‰和－１１．８７‰￣－９．５９‰。这些 相似文献
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Alla BRYANSKAYA Alexey ROZANOV Tatyana MALUP Taisiya ALESHINA Elena LAZAREVA Oxana TARAN Tatyana GORYACHKOVSKAYA Vladimir IVANISENKO Sergey PELTEK 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):61-62
正Salt Lake is one of the lakes in the system,consisting of a huge amount of salt and bitter-salty lakes in Novosibirsk Oblast and Altai Krai.These lakes are unique and highly unstable systems where the parameters of geochemical 相似文献
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察尔汗盐湖物质来源的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖是一个以氯化物为主的盐湖,然而今天补给该盐湖的水是碳酸盐和硫酸盐型的。所以,该盐湖的物质来源问题是研究其成因的根本问题,也一直是中外学者感兴趣。同时又感到非常棘手的问题,他们提出了各种假说。本文综合了六化学、岩相古地理、Sr和Br的地球化学、古生态、同位素和构造方面的资料,对前人提出的各种假说逐一进行了论证,最后的结论是,察尔汗盐湖的盐类物质有三个来原:通过河流补给的地表化学风化淋滤物质、通过断层补给的油田水和柴达木古湖的遗留物质。否定了海水来源和第三纪含盐系风化淋滤来源的假说。 中更新世末,察尔汗湖从柴达木古湖中完全蚀立出来,并继承了部分从古湖遗留下来的盐类物质。在察尔汗湖蚀立过程中和独立后早期,构造运动比较强烈,通过断层补给的油田水较多,后来随着构造运动的减弱,油田水补给量逐渐减少,而地丧化学风化淋滤物质的补给一直是比较稳定的。 相似文献
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青海尕斯库勒盐湖沉积物孢粉组合特征与铀分布关系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以青海省柴达木盆地西部尕斯库勒盐湖干盐滩ZK06钻孔岩芯为研究对象,结合孢粉、年代学和铀含量数据,探讨了盐湖沉积物中铀分布与古气候变化的关系.研究表明,自280 ka以来,尕斯库勒盐湖经历6次成盐期和6次淡化期;植被演化趋势为疏林草原—灌丛草原—荒漠草原;气候由凉略湿逐渐变为冷干.盐湖沉积物中铀含量与孢粉总浓度、灌木浓度、蒿属浓度呈明显正相关;与草本植物浓度呈正相关.孢粉带内沉积物的铀含量比成盐期高得多,平均铀含量为成盐期的3倍.孢粉组合特征可能为研究铀及其他元素在盐湖沉积物中的影响因素提供一些古植物和古气候条件证据. 相似文献
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Field investigations at Dugway Proving Ground in western Utah have produced new data on the chronology and human occupation of late Pleistocene and early Holocene lakes, rivers, and wetlands in the Lake Bonneville basin. We have classified paleo-river channels of these ages as “gravel channels” and “sand channels.” Gravel channels are straight to curved, digitate, and have abrupt bulbous ends. They are composed of fine gravel and coarse sand, and are topographically inverted (i.e., they stand higher than the surrounding mudflats). Sand channels are younger and sand filled, with well-developed meander-scroll morphology that is truncated by deflated mudflat surfaces. Gravel channels were formed by a river that originated as overflow from the Sevier basin along the Old River Bed during the late regressive phases of Lake Bonneville (after 12,500 and prior to 11,000 14C yr B.P.). Dated samples from sand channels and associated fluvial overbank and wetland deposits range in age from 11,000 to 8800 14C yr B.P., and are probably related to continued Sevier-basin overflow and to groundwater discharge. Paleoarchaic foragers occupied numerous sites on gravel-channel landforms and adjacent to sand channels in the extensive early Holocene wetland habitats. Reworking of tools and limited toolstone diversity is consistent with theoretical models suggesting Paleoarchaic foragers in the Old River Bed delta were less mobile than elsewhere in the Great Basin. 相似文献
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Sedimentary Characteristics and Paleoenvironmental Records of Zabuye Salt Lake, Tibetan Plateau, since 128 ka BP 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper for the first time reveals high-resolution core records of Zabuye Salt Lake in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to 1346 samples taken continuously, relatively accurate 14^C, U-series disequilibrium and ESR ages have been obtained, thus revealing that the lake core ages from 0 to 83.63 m of hole SZK02 are -800 to over 128 ka. In the paper, the lake core sedimentary characteristics （including the lithologies and mineral assemblages） are analyzed in detail and correlated with ostracod assemblages I to XX and sporopollen zones A to I, and on the basis of an integrated analysis of the δ^18O values of authigenic calcium-magnesium carbonate and environmental proxies of minerals, sporopollen and microfossils in the lake core, a correlation has been made of oxygen isotope change between this lake core and the Greenland GISP2 and GRIP and Guliya ice cores, and the climate of Zabuye Salt Lake since 128 ka BP is divided into the last interglacial stage （including substages e, d, c, b and a） of oxygen isotope stage （OIS） 5, early glacial stadial of the last glacial stage of OIS 4, interglacial stadial of the last glacial stage of OIS 3, late glacial stadial of the last glacial stage or Last Glacial Maximum of OIS 2 and postglacial state of OIS 1; in addition, 6 Heinrich （H6-H1） events, Younger Dryas event and 8.2 ka BP cold event have been recognized. 相似文献
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马海盐湖是柴达木盆地全新世形成的富低品位固体钾盐矿干盐湖,钾盐水溶开采潜力巨大。本文采用岩矿鉴定方法,对含盐系地层的沉积韵律岩性、钾盐矿物与矿层分布特征进行了研究,并分析了地层岩性的分布规律。结果表明,在马海盐湖北部矿区的主要沉积中心,沉积了一套以粘土-粉砂-石盐-粉砂石盐为主的沉积地层,同时在东南部形成了一个次级沉积中心;研究区钾盐矿物主要为杂卤石、光卤石、钾石盐等;沉积韵律分析结果显示,钾盐矿层多分布在Ⅳ2韵律层顶部和Ⅳ3-Ⅳ4韵律层,产出形态在垂向上为层状、透镜状,平面上呈NE-SW向展布且连续性减弱;钾盐矿物和矿层分布与沉积演化关系密切,表明沉积特征对研究区钾盐矿水溶开采具有重要影响,为同类型低品位钾盐矿开采提供了一些参考。 相似文献
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本文首次披露青藏高原腹地扎布耶盐湖约128ka以来高分辨率湖芯研究记录,据连续采取1346件样品,通过多种综合测试方法研究,取得了较为良好的14C年龄和铀系不平衡法与ESR数据,揭示SZK02孔0～83.63m湖芯年龄为约800a至128ka。文中对湖芯沉积特征(包括岩性、矿物组合)作了较详细分析,并与介形类Ⅰ～ⅩⅩ组合、孢粉A—I带作了对比;而在湖芯自生钙镁碳酸盐δ18O与矿物、孢粉、微体古生物环境标志综合分析基础上,与格陵兰、古里雅冰芯等氧同位素变化作了对比,将扎布耶盐湖128ka以来划分出:阶段5末次间冰期(包括e、d、c、b、a5个亚阶段)、阶段4末次冰期早冰阶、阶段3末次冰期间冰阶、阶段2末次冰期晚冰阶或称末次盛冰期、阶段1冰后期;还辨认出6个Heinrich(H6—H1)事件、新仙女木事件(YD)和8.2ka冷事件等。 相似文献
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通过对察尔汗盐湖Ⅰ、Ⅱ号采区盐田中卤水及固体进行系统采样和分析,发现卤水中的主微量元素在盐田摊晒过程中显示出不同程度的富集,除成盐外,还存在类质同象、母液夹带等现象。其中,铷和铯元素的富集规律与光卤石析出存在一定的关联。XRD和TOF-SIMS分析结果显示,铷与钾呈现出更强的正相关性,与钠呈现出负相关性,表明铷元素与钾元素存在类质同象现象。铯元素与钾元素的类质同象现象则不明显,可能主要通过母液夹带的方式进入盐样中。该研究揭示了卤水中铷和铯元素的富集规律和赋存形式,对盐湖铷和铯资源综合利用开发具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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西藏扎布耶碳酸盐型盐湖卤水相化学研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
中国盐湖资源丰富,且水化学类型齐全。西藏扎布耶盐湖位于西藏高原腹地,该湖卤水水化学类型为碳酸盐型,已处于盐湖演化晚期,是一个固液共存的盐湖矿床,具有很好的工业开发价值。笔者分别在15℃、25℃下对该卤水进行了等温蒸发实验,研究了在此两个温度下卤水中各元素富集行为和盐类矿物析出规律。并通过讨论其与国内外碳酸盐型和硫酸盐型锂盐湖的卤水蒸发路径和矿物析出异同,指出扎布耶盐湖具有其独特的卤水蒸发析盐路径。在本实验中低温有利于卤水中锂的富集,而高温有利于硼的富集,碳酸锂和钾盐交叉析出,低温时钾的矿物主要为钾石盐,高温时主要为钾芒硝,高温有利于获得高品位的碳酸锂混盐。 相似文献
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正Production of lithium carbonate from brines has become the dominate trend in the world from the beginning of this century.Dangxiongcuo,a carbonate-type salt lake,is located in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau,China.As a salt lake deposit,rich in Li,B,K and other useful trace 相似文献
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Emmanuelle Vennin Anthony Bouton Raphaël Bourillot Aurlie Pace Adeline Roche Arnaud Brayard Christophe Thomazo Aurelien Virgone Eric C. Gaucher Guy Desaubliaux Pieter T. Visscher 《Sedimentology》2019,66(1):165-204
The Bonneville Basin is a continental lacustrine system accommodating extensive microbial carbonate deposits corresponding to two distinct phases: the deep Lake Bonneville (30 000 to 11 500 14C bp ) and the shallow Great Salt Lake (since 11 500 14C bp ). A characterization of these microbial deposits and their associated sediments provides insights into their spatio‐temporal distribution patterns. The Bonneville phase preferentially displays vertical distribution of the microbial deposits resulting from high‐amplitude lake level variations. Due to the basin physiography, the microbial deposits were restricted to a narrow shoreline belt following Bonneville lake level variations. Carbonate production was more efficient during intervals of relative lake level stability as recorded by the formation of successive terraces. In contrast, the Great Salt Lake microbial deposits showed a great lateral distribution, linked to the modern flat bottom configuration. A low vertical distribution of the microbial deposits was the result of the shallow water depth combined with a low amplitude of lake level fluctuations. These younger microbial deposits display a higher diversity of fabrics and sizes. They are distributed along an extensive ‘shore to lake’ transect on a flat platform in relation to local and progressive accommodation space changes. Microbial deposits are temporally discontinuous throughout the lake history showing longer hiatuses during the Bonneville phase. The main parameters controlling the rate of carbonate production are related to the interaction between physical (kinetics of the mineral precipitation, lake water temperature and runoff), chemical (Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3? concentrations, Mg/Ca ratio, dilution and depletion) and/or biological (trophic) factors. The contrast in evolution of Lake Bonneville and Great Salt Lake microbial deposits during their lacustrine history leads to discussions on major chemical and climatic changes during this interval as well as the role of physiography. Furthermore, it provides novel insights into the composition, structure and formation of microbialite‐rich carbonate deposits under freshwater and hypersaline conditions. 相似文献
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柴达木盆地马海盐湖浅部赋存有储量可观的低品位固体钾盐资源,通过水溶开采即固液转化的方法为企业10万吨/年的钾肥生产提供了资源保障。随着水溶开采工作的持续进行,目前马海钾矿区北部浅部固体钾矿的品位进一步降低,给盐田和选矿工艺的调整带来极大挑战。为使这部分资源得以充分利用,本文以马海盐湖钻孔9-13和9-3附近埋深0～3m的固体钾矿样品为研究对象,系统开展了室内溶矿模拟实验。实验结果表明:(1)在固体钾矿KCl品位较低时,适当提高溶剂的波美度,有利于K+的溶出,提高溶出液中K+的浓度。(2)溶剂中Na+的浓度太低会溶解盐层骨架,而Na+的浓度太高会导致结盐,生产中应根据钾矿层的实际情况,以满足溶出液K+浓度含量达标为准调整溶剂的波美度。(3)随着马海矿区固体钾矿品位持续降低,当K+的浓度达到盐田生产要求时,钠盐池卤水中Na+的浓度会明显增加,卤水中SO42-相对浓度也相应增加,钠盐池阶段析出的石... 相似文献
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1976-2017年青藏高原可可西里盐湖面积动态变化及成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原湖泊是全球气候变化的敏感指示器。近56年来,可可西里地区气候呈显著暖湿化趋势,其中气温上升速率为0.33℃·（10a）-1（R=0.746,P<0.01）,降水增加速率为23.4mm·（10a）-1（R=0.422,P<0.01）。近40年来,盐湖面积总体呈增大趋势,其中,1976-2011年溃堤前盐湖面积以1.63 km2·a-1的速率扩大,溃堤后以8.51 km2·a-1的速率持续扩大。总体来看,近40多年来,盐湖面积先后经历了缓慢增大（1976-2011年）→急剧增大（2012-2013年）→稳定增大（2014-2017年）三个阶段。盐湖面积前期缓慢扩大的主要原因是可可西里地区气候暖湿化的结果,而后期面积急剧扩大的主要原因是因为2011年9月15日盐湖上游的卓乃湖溃堤,导致下游的3个湖泊（库赛湖、海丁诺尔湖和盐湖）串连成一体;冰川和冻土融水可能是引起可可西里盐湖面积扩张的原因,但并非主要原因。后期盐湖面积还将呈稳定增大趋势。盐湖面积扩大导致盐湖湖水淡化,周边草地受到淹没破坏的面积不断扩大,这种变化不仅对其周边草地生态环境产生破坏,还可能对可可西里周边重大工程设施产生不利影响。鉴于盐湖面积今后还将持续增大,并对其周边重大工程设施产生不利影响。因此,应用多源卫星资料对盐湖进行长期持续的跟踪观测仍将是相关政府部门关注的重点。 相似文献
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内陆盐湖石盐流体包裹体均—温度指示意义的现代过程研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
Halite precipitation with water and air temperature was observed in detail, and homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in halite formed in ancient and modem Chaka Salt Lake was studied. Halite precipitates mainly in August every year and largely precipitates between 13 and 15pm at one day when water temperatures reach 20℃ but can seldom reach 30℃. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in halite formed in Chaka Salt Lake range from 14℃ to 38℃ with an average of 23.7℃. The number of inclusions appears an obvious peak value at homogenization temperatures between 18 - 25℃, which probably represent the water temperature in which halite mainly precipitates when water temperatures reach 20℃. Therefore, homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in halite formed in Chaka Salt Lake can wall reflect the water temperature. 相似文献
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Halite precipitation with water and air temperature was observed in detail,and homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in halite formed in ancient and modem Chaka Salt Lake was studied.Halite precipitates mainly in August every year and largely precipitates between 13 and 15pm at one day when water temperatures reach 20℃but can seldom reach 30℃.Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in halite formed in Chaka Salt Lake range from 14℃to 38℃with an average of 23.7℃.The number of inclusions appears an obvious peak value at homogenization temperatures between 18～25℃,which probably represent the water temperature in which halite mainly precipitates when water temperatures reach 20℃.Therefore,homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in halite formed in Chaka Salt Lake can well reflect the water temperature. 相似文献