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1.
根据2011年3、5、7、9和12月在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的5个航次渔业资源底拖网的调查数据,分析了海州湾鱼类的种类组成和生态类群结构及其季节变化。本次调查共采集96种鱼类,隶属于2纲13目44科71属,选取其中的58种鱼类(其生物量之和占所有鱼类总生物量的95%以上),依据适温类型、产卵类型、摄食类型和洄游类型四个方面,对生态类群进行划分和研究。研究表明,从适温类型来看,海州湾各季节暖温性鱼类的生物量和种类数均超过总数的40%,占首位,其次是暖水性鱼类和冷温性鱼类。从产卵类型来看,海州湾鱼类以浮性卵鱼类和黏着沉性卵鱼类为主,分别占总生物量的48.17%和31.19%。从摄食类型来看,海州湾各季节均以底栖生物食性鱼类为主,其种类数和生物量所占比例分别为55.17%和65.42%。从洄游类型来看,海州湾洄游鱼类(包括长距离洄游和短距离洄游)的种类数和生物量所占比例较大,分别为67.25%和57.11%。研究结果表明:海州湾鱼类生态类群存在极显著的季节差异(P0.01);优势种的季节变化也十分明显,其变化规律与生态类群基本一致。  相似文献   

2.
闽南-台湾浅滩二长棘鲷食性研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  
张其永  张雅芝 《海洋学报》1983,5(3):349-362
二长棘鲷(Parargyrops edita)是暖水性底层鱼类,分布于日本南部、东海、台湾海峡、台湾浅滩、南海北部以及印度尼西亚沿岸,为我国东南沿海底拖网渔业的主要捕捞对象,近几年来,由于捕捞过度,北部湾和南海北部沿岸二长棘鲷资源严重衰退,唯独台湾浅滩地形复杂,底拖网不易作业,二长棘鲷资源却受到自然保护.在闽南-台湾浅滩底拖网渔获中,二长棘鲷仍然是主要优势种.  相似文献   

3.
南麂列岛岛礁区域鱼类种类组成和数量分布   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
采用底层拖网方法,以渔获率作为鱼类资源分布的数量指标,进行了南麂列岛岛礁区域2011年4月、8月、11月和2012年3月4个季节的鱼类种类组成、数量分布以及时空变化研究。结果表明:(1)调查海域鱼类有69种,鱼类种数夏季>秋季>冬季>春季;(2)六指马鲅、海鳗、棘头梅童鱼、龙头鱼、赤鼻棱鳀、白姑鱼、、中颌棱鳀、六丝钝尾虎鱼等15种鱼占鱼类总渔获量的89.13%,是调查海域底层拖网的主要捕捞鱼类;(3)不同季节的鱼类渔获量组成相差较大,优势种季节演替现象明显;(4)渔获率的季节变化明显,渔获率夏秋季明显高于冬春季,夏秋季渔获率较高的区域一般在调查海域西北方向的开阔海域。  相似文献   

4.
为了探明南海北部虾拖网副渔获的种类组成、优势种类和幼鱼比例等情况,2012年8月1~5日作者于湛江近海进行了虾拖网副渔获调查。结果表明:湛江近海虾拖网副渔获种类极多,副渔获物与虾类的质量比为3.9:1;副渔获物的主要种类为蟹类和鱼类;蟹类副渔获物的优势种类分别为红星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)和远海梭子蟹(Portunus pelagicus),其相对重要性(IRI)分别为7558.72、6540.72和2826.41;鱼类优势副渔获物的种类分别为褐斑三线舌鳎(Cynoglossus trigrammus)、少鳞鱚(Sillago japonica)、多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)和六带石斑鱼(Epinephelus sexfasciatus),其IRI分别为3158.94、1755.57、1294.44和1058.46;副渔获物的幼鱼比极高。最后,作者结合相关研究,对如何从技术层面解决南海区虾拖网严重的副渔获问题进行了探讨,以促进南海区虾拖网渔业的可持续发展。  相似文献   

5.
基于生态系统的渔业管理的理念已得到广泛认同,但其在海洋牧场建设中的应用仍非常少见。本研究根据2020-2021年在蜈支洲岛海域开展的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,构建了海洋牧场鱼类群落的质量谱模型（SSM）,反映了海洋牧场中食物网的复杂结构以及种间相互作用,以评估捕捞对海洋牧场鱼类群落的影响。研究通过对两种管理策略（单物种管理和多物种管理）的模拟,分析特定种类的捕捞死亡系数变化对鱼类群落产生的影响,并利用群落总生物量、质量谱斜率、平均最大质量、平均质量和大型鱼类指数5种群落生态指标监测了鱼类群落的特征状态。单物种管理策略结果显示,蜈支洲岛海洋牧场生态系统呈现下行控制效应,肉食性鱼类对浮游生物食性鱼类存在着强烈的调控作用。捕捞死亡系数变化后,不同物种间竞争捕食等复杂的相互作用会产生营养级联效应。多物种管理策略结果显示,灰海鳗（Muraenesox cinereus）的捕捞死亡系数对群落质量谱斜率影响最大,大头狗母鱼（Trachiocephalus myops）和灰海鳗的捕捞死亡系数对鱼类群落生物量和群落结构及功能的影响最大。研究结果对于保护和维持鱼类群落稳定方面具有重要意义,能够帮助管理者更好...  相似文献   

6.
台湾海峡和北部湾二长棘鲷种群鉴别研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  
二长棘鯛(Parargyrops edita Tanka)为暖水性的底层鱼类,分布于日本南部、东海、南海北部、台湾海峡以及印度尼西亚沿海,为我国东南沿海和北部湾底拖网渔业的主要捕捞对象之一。台湾海峡二长棘鯛的两个产卵场位于澎湖列岛北面和台湾浅滩内缘海区;南海北部的三个产卵场即粤东的汕尾近海、珠江口近海和粤西的电白近海;涠洲岛西北面和珍珠港附近是北部湾一个主要的产卵场。近年来二长棘鯛在南海北部近海底拖网中已很少渔获;在南海北部大陆架边缘则更少出现。由于滥捕幼鱼十分严重,台湾海峡和北部湾二长棘鲷的渔获量也已明显下降。  相似文献   

7.
长江口张网鱼类群落结构特征及月相变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为了解长江口鱼类群落结构的现状及变化特征,用张网作业对长江口2010年5月至2011年4月12个月鱼类群落进行了调查。结果1周年共记录56种鱼类,以鲈形目(27种)和鲱形目(10种)种类数目最多。鱼类区系为典型的亚热带动物区系,只出现暖水种(25种)及暖温种(31种)2种适温类型。鱼类种类数目以底栖鱼类(26种)和中上层鱼类占多数(21种),底层鱼类数目较少(9种)。丰度或生物量均由少数几种鱼类占优势。根据鱼类生态类群,海洋洄游性鱼类及河口性鱼类占据种类数目的主要地位,而生物量或丰度均由海洋洄游性鱼类占据主导。每网平均种类数目的最大值和最小值分别出现在7月(18.3种)和1月(7.2种),每网丰度最大值和最小值出现在11月(2 272尾/网)和1月(71尾/网),生物量的最大值出现在9月(11 892g/网),最小值出现在1月(351g/网),而主要种类丰度的时间分布差异也较大;基于丰度计算的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Simpson优势度集中指数在时间上也有较大差异,NMDS非度量多维尺度分析显示根据相似性鱼类群落在时间上可分为4组,相邻月一般相似性较近,但2010年12月和2011年1月相似性较小。此外,多元回归分析表明,在径流量、盐度及水温3个环境因素中,引起张网鱼类群落丰度时间变化的主要影响因素是水温。鉴于当前长江口张网捕捞努力量有增加趋势,为保护长江口鱼类群落,需要控制过高的捕捞努力量。  相似文献   

8.
捕捞压力和气候变化是影响渔业资源数量变动的主要因素,会对渔获量产生较大影响。本文通过分析长时间序列的渔业统计资料和气候变化数据,研究了1962—2012年间捕捞压力和气候变化对黄渤海小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)渔获量的影响,并应用Fox模型拟合捕捞压力对黄渤海小黄鱼渔获量的影响,同时根据多个气候因子及气候指数的年间变动数据,分析每个显著相关的气候变量对黄渤海小黄鱼渔获量的影响。研究表明,黄渤海小黄鱼渔获量在1962—1971年呈波动下降趋势,在1972—1990年保持平稳状态,在1991—2012年急剧增加。黄渤海小黄鱼渔获量与渤海冬季季风、北太平洋指数(North pacific index,NPI)呈显著负相关(P0.05),与黄海夏季季风、黄海海表温度呈显著正相关(P0.05)。加入气候变量进行优化的Fox模型考虑了捕捞压力和气候变化的影响,该模型拟合的渔获量与统计的渔获量呈极显著相关(P0.01)。研究表明:捕捞压力的增大是导致黄渤海小黄鱼渔获量变动的主要原因,气候变化也会对小黄鱼渔获量产生显著影响。  相似文献   

9.
根据第4次中国北极科学考察在白令海与楚科奇海进行的鱼类拖网调查资料,分析了白令海与楚科奇海鱼类生物的种类组成、优势种、物种多样性和区系特征,探讨了鱼类生物对北极气候快速变化的响应。结果表明,白令海与楚科奇海两个海域共鉴定鱼类生物14科41种;主要优势种类为粗壮拟庸鲽(Hippoglossoides robustus)、北鳕(Boreogadus saida)、短角床杜父鱼(Myoxocephalus scorpius)、斑鳍北鳚(Lumpenus fabricii)、粗糙钩杜父鱼(Artediellus scaber);从适温性来看,冷水性种类最多,有35种,冷温性种类6种;从栖息地生态类型来看,底层鱼类、近底层鱼类和中上层鱼类分别为35、5和1种;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均为1.21,呈现南高北低的特点,整体多样性水平不高;气候变化引起部分北极、亚北极海区鱼类出现不同程度的纬向和纵向移动,由此将引起北极渔业资源分布格局的变化。  相似文献   

10.
在世界虾渔业中,捕捞效率最高的是虾拖网。因此国外不断改进虾拖网渔具渔法或设计新型虾拖网。在我国南海,现有的虾渔具为拖网、流刺网、张网、敷网等,也以拖网渔获量占居优势。长期以来,鱼虾混获成为世界虾拖网渔业者迫切希望解决的一个重大问题。在我国南海虾拖网渔业中,鱼虾混获问题也十分突出。 (1)南海现用的虾拖网主要是扒罟网,这些网的网目尺寸比鱼拖网小得多,尤其是  相似文献   

11.
Habitat degradation and fishing are major drivers of temporal and spatial changes in fish communities. The independent effects of these drivers are well documented, but the relative importance and interaction between fishing and habitat shifts is poorly understood, particularly in complex systems such as coral reefs. To assess the combined and relative effects of fishing and habitat we examined the composition of fish communities on patch reefs across a gradient of high to low structural complexity in fished and unfished areas of the Ningaloo Marine Park, Western Australia. Biomass and species richness of fish were positively correlated with structural complexity of reefs and negatively related to macroalgal cover. Total abundance of fish was also positively related to structural complexity, however this relationship was stronger on fished reefs than those where fishing is prohibited. The interaction between habitat condition and fishing pressure is primarily due to the high abundance of small bodied planktivorous fish on fished reefs. However, the influence of management zones on the abundance and biomass of predators and target species is small, implying spatial differences in fishing pressure are low and unlikely to be driving this interaction. Our results emphasise the importance of habitat in structuring reef fish communities on coral reefs especially when gradients in fishing pressure are low. The influence of fishing effort on this relationship may however become more important as fishing pressure increases.  相似文献   

12.
Assessing the vulnerability of species to [anthropogenic threats is an essential step when developing management strategies for wild populations. With industrial development forecasted to increase in Spencer Gulf, South Australia, it is crucial to assess the ongoing effects of anthropogenic threats to resident and migratory species. Expert elicitation was used to assess 27 threats against 38 threatened, protected, and iconic marine-associated species. Species and threat interactions were assessed individually, and as taxonomic or functional groups. Climate change had the greatest overall exposure (c.f. risk) across species, followed by disturbance, pollution, disease/invasive species, and fishing/aquaculture threats. The largest overall sensitivities (c.f. consequences) were pollution and disease/invasive species, followed by climate change, disturbance and fishing/aquaculture threats. Vulnerability scores (exposure x sensitivity) showed the climate change group posing the greatest overall threat in Spencer Gulf, with individual climatic threats ranking as three of the top four biggest threats to most animal groups. Noise, shipping, and net fishing were considered the greatest region-specific individual threats to marine mammals; as were trawl fishing, line fishing, and coastal activities to fish/cuttlefish; trawl fishing, line fishing, and net fishing to elasmobranchs; and oil spill, disease, and coastal activities to sea/shorebirds. Eighteen of the 20 highest vulnerability scores involved the short-beaked common dolphin, Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, and Australian sea lion, highlighting the particular susceptibility of these species to specific threats. These findings provide a synthesis of key threats and vulnerable species, and give management a basis to direct future monitoring and threat mitigation efforts in the region.  相似文献   

13.
With the decline of fish stocks, the proportions of economically important invertebrates like crustaceans and cephalopods have increased in the Bohai Sea. The community structure and trophic level of economically important invertebrates were analyzed using the bottom trawl survey data collected by the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute in the Bohai Sea in May and August of 1958–1959, 1982, 1992–1993, 2004, 2009 and 2015. A total of 37 species of economically important invertebrates, belonging to 5 orders, 24 families, were captured. The biomass densities of economically important invertebrates in the Bohai Sea displayed an overall downward trend from 1982 to 2015. Oratosquilla oratoria and Loligo spp. were the most dominant species in the past 30 years, the biomass proportion of O. oratoria increased gradually in both May and August from 1982 to 2015. Moreover,biodiversity indices of economically important invertebrates in the Bohai Sea appeared to decline from 1982 to2004 and then increased in 2015. Similarly, the mean trophic level of economically important invertebrates declined from 1982 to 2004 and increased slightly in 2015. Overall, although the proportions of invertebrates have increased, the biomass densities in the Bohai Sea have displayed an overall downward trend from 1982 to 2015.The increases in the biodiversity and trophic level of economically important invertebrates after the 2000 s,possibly benefit from stock enhancement projects implemented by governments at different levels and national fishery management measures such as the "double-control" of the total number and engine power of fishing vessels and summer moratorium of fishing.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Coastal populations of maritime countries in eastern Africa rely on fish as a primary source of protein, but baseline information on the abundance of fish communities on these coastlines is often lacking. We used baited remote underwater video stations to compare the abundance and diversity of reef fishes targeted by fishing at two sites in southern Mozambique, one at Lighthouse Reef within the Bazaruto Archipelago National Park and the other to the south at San Sebastian Reef on the San Sebastian Peninsula. Fish that are known targets of fisheries (mostly small-scale and artisanal) had an abundance that was almost three-times greater at San Sebastian Reef (80.22 ind. h–1 [SE 18.00]) than at Lighthouse Reef (29.70 ind. h–1 [SE 8.91]). Similarly, there was greater mean species richness at San Sebastian Reef (38.74 species h–1 [SE 2.79]) than at Lighthouse Reef (25.37 species h–1 [SE 3.66]). The main drivers of targeted fish abundance were habitat and depth, with shallow (<15 m) and mixed reef areas having the greatest abundance and richness. More sampling was done over sand habitat at Lighthouse Reef, which likely led to the lower abundance and species richness observed at this site; however, that finding could also be attributable to the fact that protection is provided to only a section of available coral reef habitat in a small area. Nevertheless, fish community structure was comparable between the sites, with similar proportions of carnivores (78–81%), herbivores (12–14%) and omnivores (7–8%). Our findings highlight the variation in species abundance and assemblages of coral-reef fish targeted by fishing in Mozambique and emphasise the importance of localised environmental variables as a driver of these patterns. To ensure maximum protection of Lighthouse Reef fish communities, we recommend an extension of the no-take zone to include the entire reef complex.  相似文献   

16.
This study aims to investigate and model driving forces that lead to increased fishing pressure and an altered state of the environment in the coastal areas near Samsun on the Turkish Black Sea coast. We have applied a modified DPSIR model to structure our investigation and analysis and have investigated the drivers that generate fishing pressure in the Samsun fisheries. The overall health of the ecosystem is declining, and there is a consistent trend of deterioration in the condition of the three major species targeted by the trawl fisheries. Although introduced invasive species have brought significant changes to the Black Sea, it is clear that the state of the environment is significantly and negatively affected by the pressure exerted by fisheries. Fishing pressure has to a certain extent been redirected to pelagic trawling as bottom trawling has become less profitable and a rise in catch capacity has levelled off. This reduction is, however, offset by an increase in illegal trawling and dredging by a very rapidly growing sector of multi-purpose small boats, resulting in a considerable increase in the overall accumulated engine power of fishing boats in Samsun during 2000–2005. Fisheries in Samsun, in particular sea snail fisheries, have constituted a frontier of sorts open to the poorer populations of Samsun during the last 20 years, and, thereby, constitute one of the major drivers for fishing pressure. We identify eight drivers of importance for the period 2000–2005. Although the authorities can impact all or most of those drivers, most of them are beyond the scope of conventional ‘fisheries management’.  相似文献   

17.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2006,49(9-10):640-648
Since the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, considerable movement has been made by international organizations engaged in ocean affairs towards adopting ecosystem-based assessment and management practices. A decade later, at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), another significant milestone was reached with the support, by over 100 countries, for a Plan of Implementation that agreed on several specific ecosystem-related targets including: achievement of “substantial” reductions in land-based sources of pollution by 2006; introduction of the ecosystems approach to marine resource assessment and management by 2010; designation of a network of marine protected areas by 2012; and the maintenance and restoration of fish stocks to maximum sustainable yield levels by 2015. An international financial mechanism, the Global Environment Facility (GEF), is assisting developing countries in meeting the WSSD targets by supporting Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) assessment and management projects. Of the 29 LMEs for which published case study information is available on analyses of principal forces driving changes in biomass yields, fishing effort was the primary forcing mechanism in 14 LMEs, climate forcing was the principal factor in 13 LMEs, eutrophication in one case and the data were inconclusive in another. Fishing effort was a secondary driver of change in biomass yields in the 13 LMEs driven by climate forcing. Mitigating actions for reducing fishing effort to promote recovery of lost biomass yield is proving successful in one case study. Actions for improving forecasts of oceanographic conditions affecting fish stocks are underway in four GEF-supported LME projects (e.g., Humboldt Current, Canary Current, Guinea Current and Benguela Current); measures to assess and manage excessive fishing effort are planned for eight LME projects, eutrophication reduction and control in another; and six LMEs with relatively stable decadal biomass yields appear suitable for mandating precautionary total allowable catch levels. The GEF/LME projects include countries that contributed to 45% of global marine biomass yields in 1999.  相似文献   

18.
Long-term variations in population structure, growth, mortality, length at median sexual maturity, and exploitation rate of threadfin bream(Nemipterus virgatus) are reported based on bottom trawl survey data collected during 1960–2012 in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. Laboratory-based analyses were conducted on 16 791 individuals collected quarterly in eight different sampling years. Average body length, estimated asymptotic length, and percentage of large individuals have decreased significan...  相似文献   

19.
A ten-year time series (1998–2008) from a trawl survey of the continental slope of the NE Atlantic was analyzed to assess temporal variation in the abundance and length frequency of seven species of deepwater grenadier fish. This period coincided (in 2003) with the regulation of deepwater fisheries in this area. None of the species declined in numbers or biomass over the period, and 2 species significantly increased. This suggests that the declines in abundance of these deepwater species following the onset of fishing in the 1970s may now have stabilized, albeit at much lower levels than the virgin biomass. Although two metrics of body size (mean length and maximum length) did not show any evidence for consistent decrease over time, there were significant changes in the overall length–frequency distributions. The species found in shallower depths (500 m) had a greater number of larger individuals in 2008 whereas those found deeper (1500 m) tended to have a greater number of smaller individuals. This suggests the presence of a lagged indirect effect of fishing on species that live beyond the actual depths that fishing takes place.  相似文献   

20.
黄海夏季不同取样网具渔获物组成比较分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
根据 2 0 0 0年夏季双拖渔船和“北斗”号专业调查船对应站位拖网调查资料 ,进行了两种不同取样网具情况下渔获物组成的比较分析 ,结果表明 :渔船的单位扫海面积渔获量、几种重要种类的长度范围、平均个体长度、5 0 %选择长度、重量计优势度均高于“北斗”号 ,而渔获种类数则少于“北斗”号 ,且两者种类组成相似性较低 ,仅为 0 .4 5 8;而且“北斗”号的底层、近底层鱼类和无脊椎类占总渔获量的比例高于渔船 ,这主要是由于渔具的选择作用造成的。结果说明应用渔船针对渔业生产进行的渔业资源监测 ,对带鱼、小黄鱼、鱼等重要生产种类是适合的 ,能够反映其资源量状况 ,但对群落结构、生物多样性等生态系统水平上的研究却存在着明显的不足  相似文献   

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