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1.
本报告公布14C地质年代数据43个,系本实验室1976年至1979年5月所测定。同时期内测定的考古样品年代数据已分四批在《文物》发表。报告中木头、木炭样品的化学处理同本实验室报告(一)。贝壳等碳酸盐样品用磷酸酸解制备CO_2。泥炭、淤泥和骨头等样品经预处理后,在管炉中通氧气燃烧制备CO_2,并使燃烧气流通过400℃载铂硅铝球催化剂(0.1%Pt/SiO_2-Al_2O_3),以保证样品的完全燃烧。CO_2合成碳化钙的装置和流程与Barker合成碳化锂法相似,但以金属钙代替金属锂。将掺有少量镁粉的细粒金属钙装入不锈钢反应器中(12升CO_2气体,约用80克钙、15克镁),抽真空,再加热到700℃左右,通入经纯化的CO_2气体。一般情况下12升CO_2可在几分钟 相似文献
2.
为了观测含碳酸盐地幔岩部分熔融过程中电导率的变化,厘清碳酸盐熔体在金伯利岩岩浆形成过程中所起的作用,并探讨Slave克拉通中部Lac de Gras地区约80～120km深处的高导成因,我们利用DS 3600t六面顶压机和Solartron 1260阻抗/增益-相位分析仪在1.0～3.0GPa、673～1873K温压条件下分别测量了含碳酸钠(Na_2CO_3)、碳酸钙(CaCO_3)和大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)的地幔岩样品的电导率.实验结果表明,地幔岩样品的电导率主要受到温度和组分的影响,而压力对其影响较小.在温度低于1023K时,含Na_2CO_3地幔岩样品的电导率明显高于含同比重CaCO_3和MORB的;温度达到1023K时,含Na_2CO_3地幔岩样品开始熔融;但在之后的200K温度区间内,该部分熔融样品的电导率随温度的增加几乎不发生变化.这一现象或许揭示:地幔深部的碳酸质岩浆在快速上升过程中会同化吸收岩石圈地幔中的斜方辉石(Opx),进而形成金伯利岩岩浆,期间岩浆的电导率几乎不发生变化.含CaCO_3和MORB的地幔岩样品分别在1723K和1423K开始熔融,其部分熔融样品的电导率随温度的增加而快速增加.依据前人的研究结果和我们的实验结果,我们认为可以用含碳酸盐的部分熔融样品来解释Slave克拉通中部Lac de Gras地区约80～120km深处的异常高导现象,并推测熔体中碳酸盐的熔体比例小于2wt.%. 相似文献
3.
河北及邻近地区地下水溶解二氧化碳,氢和氦分布的地震地质特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在水文地球化学背景场研究中发现河北及邻近地区地下水溶解CO_2、H_2和H_e的富集与地震活动带或断裂带相吻合。本文研究了它们与地震活动带、深断裂带或上地壳体分界线之间的关系。根据CO_2分布特征和δ~(13)C值,得出富集带内的CO_2主要来自碳酸盐岩的变质作用;根据H_2和H_e分布的地震地质特征和可能的形成机理,指出H_2和H_e可能主要来自上地壳的火成岩体。因此CO_2、H_2和H_e可能是潜在震源区的重要地球化学标志,并且是映震灵敏的水文地球化学组分。 相似文献
4.
《中国科学:地球科学》2018,(12)
为探讨环境CO_2浓度升高对近海蓝细菌的影响,选择了代表性海洋聚球藻Synechococcus sp. PCC7002,在正常CO_2(400ppm)和高浓度CO_2(1000ppm)条件下,研究其处于不同生长时期的光合生理特性.结果表明:在稳定期, CO_2浓度升高可显著促进细胞生长、提高培养体系内最高细胞浓度值.在高浓度CO_2条件下,聚球藻适应期为2天,而在正常CO_2条件下,聚球藻适应期长达6天.高浓度CO_2可以提高聚球藻在适应期和指数期的光合作用能力,但会降低其稳定期的光合作用能力.此外,与正常条件下相比,高浓度CO_2条件下处于指数期和稳定期的聚球藻的饱和光强较低,光能利用效率较高,藻胆体/Chl a比值较高.高浓度CO_2降低聚球藻在适应期和稳定期颗粒有机碳:Chl a(POC:Chl a)和颗粒有机氮:Chl a(PON:Chl a)的比值,且该比值在指数生长期较高.以上结果表明,处于不同生长期的聚球藻PCC7002对CO_2浓度升高的生理响应不同,前期的多数研究仅在指数期开展,取得的结果未能全面反映CO_2浓度升高对海洋蓝细菌的影响.本研究将为全面了解CO_2浓度升高对海洋微藻的影响提供重要参考. 相似文献
5.
通过梅梁湾和东太湖的四季原位实验,研究CO_2浓度升高对不同营养水平淡水生态系统中浮游藻类C、N、P元素计量值的影响.实验设置了270、380和750 ppm共3个CO_2浓度,分别代表工业革命前、当前和IPCC预测的21世纪末的CO_2浓度.结果表明梅梁湾水体营养盐浓度在四季均高于东太湖水体营养盐浓度,但梅梁湾原位实验中浮游藻类C、N、P含量却普遍低于东太湖原位实验中浮游藻类营养元素含量,并且前者在季节上变化更大.CO_2浓度升高使梅梁湾原位实验中浮游藻类C∶P比明显增加,N∶P比略有增加,这种增加归因于藻细胞内C、N含量的升高,而东太湖浮游藻类化学计量值对CO_2浓度变化的响应不显著.因此浮游藻类元素化学计量值对CO_2浓度变化的响应程度与水体营养盐的绝对浓度无关,而与浮游藻类的生长是否受营养盐限制有关,只有当藻类生长受到水体营养盐浓度限制时,CO_2浓度升高才会显著改变其元素组成. 相似文献
6.
《地球物理学进展》2020,(4)
时移地震是监测CO_2强化驱油(CO_2-EOR)效果及CO_2在地下封存范围的有效手段,但常规地震属性还不能很好地识别油藏注入CO_2后储层及流体特征变化.为补充常规地震属性的不足,本文引入基于灰度共生矩阵理论的地震纹理属性分析技术,将其应用在胜利油田G89区CO_2-EOR及地质封存的时移三维地震数据中,计算时移地震体的纹理属性,比较、优选、做差,从而识别CO_2注入后在地下的运聚通道、运移方向及分布范围.时移三维地震纹理属性对比的关键,在于两次纹理计算参数的选择和结果的一致性处理,本文使用相同的纹理计算参数计算两次地震盖层、储层纹理属性,并采用使两次三维地震资料盖层纹理特征差异最小的方法,得到校正因子,用该校正因子对储层纹理属性进行处理,根据储层校正结果分析CO_2的运移和分布.结果表明,经过盖层一致性处理的储层地震纹理属性,背景干扰信息少,断层与背景信息对比度高,主断层刻画更为清晰,分辨率高,明显增强了储层平面特征的可视性,得到了清晰的CO_2运聚通道、波及范围及分布情况.注入CO_2后,工区内大部分井出现增产或稳产现象,距注入井远距离的生产井产量快速增加,这些特征与属性分析结果相吻合. 相似文献
7.
为揭示CO_2驱过程中沥青质沉积对低渗储层基质孔喉的伤害机理,利用核磁共振技术对岩心样品进行了CO_2驱替前后的T2谱测试.结果表明:沥青质沉积量与驱替压力呈正相关,在CO_2-原油体系达到混相前后,沉积速率最大;渗透率伤害程度则随沥青质沉积量的增加而增大.在驱替初始,较小孔喉(0.1~10 ms)几乎无堵塞,较大孔喉(10~200 ms)出现少量堵塞;注入压力达到最小混相压力,CO_2与原油混相产生大量沥青质沉积,较小孔喉出现45.61%堵塞,较大孔喉堵塞21.31%;在驱替压力继续增大时,较小孔喉堵塞程度严重,最高可达55.22%.对于低渗砂岩储层,基质孔喉尺度越小,沥青质对其的伤害程度就越高. 相似文献
8.
《应用地球物理》2017,(3)
CO_2驱油与地质封存过程中,预测储层横波速度曲线及横波速度随注入压力或产出压力的变化,是解释四维地震监测数据的关键。但是在实际油田中,横波测井资料较少。尤其是在CO_2地质封存的四维地震监测中,CO_2注入之后会把井关闭,而无法进行测井。但后续还要进行地震监测,因此需要预测CO_2注入之后的纵横波速度。CO_2注入之后,储层的压力和饱和度都会发生变化,弹性参数也发生了变化。本文以胜利油田高89区块为例,利用Hertz-Mindlin公式和Gassmann方程结合,提出了预测横波速度,以及不同孔隙度储层随压力变化的横波速度预测方法。由于Hertz-Mindlin公式中的配位数为未知量,本文还提出了Hertz-Mindlin公式中配位数的计算方法。利用本文提出的方法分别制作了不同CO_2注入阶段的储层纵横波速度变化曲线,然后根据这些预测速度曲线制作四维人工合成地震记录,将四维人工合成地震记录与实际四维地震数据进行对比,其相关性高。 相似文献
9.
为研究河流溶解性CO_2(二氧化碳)对城镇化的响应,于2018年8月对三峡库区3条具有不同城镇化强度的河流——汝溪河、南河和桃花溪进行野外在线监测及取样分析,测定了样品有机质(溶解性有机碳DOC)、营养元素(溶解性总氮DTN、溶解性总磷DTP);利用Arc GIS解译各流域的土地利用组成,并利用碳酸盐平衡方程,通过p H、Alk(碱度)、水温计算不同城镇化梯度河流的p CO_2(CO_2分压).结果表明:建设用地占比从低到高依次为:汝溪河南河桃花溪,河流p CO_2依次为1790±1210、2006±3546、4094±4218μatm,与河流的城镇化梯度变化一致,河流水-气界面呈现为CO2源;DOC、DTN浓度、Alk、电导率在各河流间呈现显著性差异.DOC、DTN、DTP浓度和Alk的变化规律与河流的城镇化梯度一致.研究发现城镇化进程增加水体的p CO_2,引起区域城镇扩张进程中河流CO_2释放通量的增加,结论支持强人为活动影响增加河流碳释放的假设. 相似文献
10.
地热流体溶解二氧化碳总量观测方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文介绍了一种新的CO_2前兆观测方法——重量法测定地热流体的溶解CO_2总量。这种方法引入的溶解CO_2总量参数有确切的物理含义,因而能比较准确地反映采样当时地热流体的CO_2释放特征。文章较详细地阐述了新方法的理论基础,并根据大量的条件实验和实际观测资料论述了新观测方法的可行性,对溶解CO_2,总量观测中的影响因素和应用前景也作了初步的讨论。 相似文献
11.
地震危险区短临跟踪的一种有效观测手段--地下岩土气体CO2观测在新疆地区的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了进一步加强新疆地震重点危险区的短临跟踪工作,经过1年多资料收集和可行性试验研究,从2001年开始,新疆地震局先后在乌什、喀什、沙湾、石场、呼图壁、精河等地布设了12个地下岩土气体CO2观测点。初步观测结果分析发现,在近场中强地震前,岩土气体CO2含量会出现不同程度的短临高值异常变化,这在一定程度上表明,地下岩土气体CO2观测可能是一种行之有效的短临跟踪手段。文中还简述了地下岩土气体CO2的测定原理、测定方法以及选点要求和注意事项等。 相似文献
12.
A practical soil management to improve soil quality by applying mineral organic fertilizer 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《Acta Geochimica》2017,(2)
Heavy use of chemical fertilizer causes increasing soil and environmental crisis, and the use of organic fertilizer increases obvious in recent years. In this study,mineral organic fertilizer(MOF) and compound fertilizer(CF) were applied in amaranth culture to explore the effects of these two kinds of fertilizers on soil quality and the potential function for CO_2 fixation. Some soil parameters were tested, e.g. p H value, organic carbon content, microbial biomass, urease activity, and available potassium content. In addition, some parameters of soil infiltration water were also determined, such as p H and HCO_3~- concentration. Experimental results showed that MOF improved soil quality and amaranth biomass and increased possible soil carbon sink.On the contrary, the utilization of CF worsened soil quality and made the soil acidize. These results suggested that MOF can partially replace CF to improve plant growth, soil quality and possible CO_2 sink. 相似文献
13.
《Acta Geochimica》2015,(2)
To further understand the roles of carbonate and silicate rocks in regulating the atmosphere/soil CO_2level,the flux of CO_2 consumed by the chemical weathering of silicate and carbonate rocks was determined from the elemental change in soil profiles.Results showed that the chemical weathering of carbonate rocks mainly occurred at the rock-regolith interface,and that the further weathering of the residua soil on the carbonate rocks was similar to that of the granite profile.Chemical weathering of the silicate rocks occurred through the whole profiles.Therefore,CO_2 consumed per volume by the silicate profiles[M_(sr)(CO_2)]and the residues on carbonate rocks[M_(cr)(CO2)]were calculated based on the elemental weathering gradients.CO_2 consumed by carbonate protolith[M_(cp)(CO_2)]was calculated from the elemental change at the rock-regolith interface.The M_(sr)(CO_2) were about tens to thousands orders of magnitude greater than M_(cr)(CO_2).Even so,this demonstrated that the residues on carbonate rocks could be a sink of CO2_ on long-term scales.The M_(cp)(CO_2) was about four times larger than M_(sr)(CO_2),which demonstrated that carbonate rocks played a more important role in regulating the CO_2 level than the silicate rocks did during the pedogenic process of the profiles. 相似文献
14.
A manual SPME method is presented for the analysis of organic compounds in industrial wastewater. 24 compounds commonly found in the wastewater of a chemical plant in northern Germany have been selected as reference compounds. Precision, linearity, and detection limits have been determined. Moreover, the effect of methanol content, pH value, salt content, and an excess of compounds on the extraction process have been studied. Several compounds have been investigated for their applicability as internal standards to quantify the compounds of interest. Since the method will later be transferred to a fully automated SPME-GC system, which will be operated directly on-site at an industrial wastewater purification plant, special attention has been paid to the analysis of real wastewater samples. In this context, the fibre stability has been studied by performing 53 extraction/desorption cycles from one wastewater sample. Neither a decrease in fibre performance nor in precision has been observed indicating that the proposed method is suitable for the analysis of real wastewater. 相似文献
15.
Comparison of Two Integrated Methods for the Collection and Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ground Water 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bradley M. Patterson Terry R. Power Chris Barber 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1993,13(3):118-123
The principal difficulties with determinations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water are the reliability of sampling procedures and analytical methods. Two integrated methods have been developed for routine sampling, processing, and analysis of VOCs in ground water. These methods involve in situ collection of ground water using a modified syringe sampler from PVC piezometers or using dedicated glass syringes from stainless steel multilevel bores. The samples are processed in the syringe using purge and trap or microsolvent extraction and analyzed by GC/MSD.
The modified purge-and-trap method is time-consuming and limited to volatile organic compounds. However, it is extremely sensitive and flexible: the volume of sample used can be varied by the use of different-size glass syringes (sample volumes from 1 to 100 mL).
In cases where extremely low sensitivity (<10 mg 1−1 ) is not critical, the microextraction technique is a more cost-effective method, allowing twice as many samples to be analyzed in the same time as the purge-and-trap method. It enables less volatile compounds such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol, and cresols to be analyzed in the same GC run. Also, the microextraction method can be used in the field to avoid delays associated with transportation of ground water samples to the laboratory. 相似文献
The modified purge-and-trap method is time-consuming and limited to volatile organic compounds. However, it is extremely sensitive and flexible: the volume of sample used can be varied by the use of different-size glass syringes (sample volumes from 1 to 100 mL).
In cases where extremely low sensitivity (<10 mg 1
16.
《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1988,8(2):67-71
A preliminary field evaluation of a new application of soil-gas measurement for delineation of subsurface organic contamination is described. The method measures carbon dioxide concentrations in soil gases and is based on the hypothesis that carbon dioxide concentrations from subsurface oxidation of organic compounds will be porportional to the extent of organic contamination. A correlation coefficient (r) of 0.81 (n=6) was observed between ground water dissolved organic carbon ground water concentrations and carbon dioxide concentrations in the overlying soil gases at one site. Soil-gas carbon dioxide concentrations measured ranged from 0.09 percent to 0.45 percent. 相似文献
17.
18.
淡水湖泊水体中溶解有机氮测定方法的对比 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
溶解有机氮(Dissolved Organic Nitrogen,DON)是天然水体中氮的重要组成部分,目前研究相对很少．本文对淡水中测定DON的两种常见方法即过硫酸钾湿氧化法(Persulfate Oxidation,PO)和高温催化氧化法(High Temperature Cata- lytic Oxidation,HTCO)进行了对比研究．结果表明:两种方法各有特点,湿氧化法相对较为理想．湿氧化法对不同氮标准化合物的回收率较高,平均为96．0±3．0％以上(杂环氮化合物除外);对湖泊淡水样品,用PO法测定溶解有机氮的相对标准偏差范围为6．2％-12．5％．高温催化氧化法对不同氮标准化合物的回收率较低,平均为68．4±13．6％,需作进一步条件优化． 相似文献
19.
Determination of a Group Parameter for Organic Halogen Compounds in High Salt-laden Water Samples Using XAD-4 Resin Concerning the often discussed ‘chloride error’ in AOX determination, a method is described with allows the determination of the group parameter organic halogen compounds (OX) for chloride concentrations more than 1 g/L. In opposite to the standard method DIN 38409 part 14, no chloride influence up to a concentration of 10 g/L in real water samples occurs. The basis of the method is the adsorption of the organic compounds from the water sample on XAD-4 resin, a nonpolar copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene. The organic compounds are concentrated on the XAD-4 resin conditioned with methanol. After the enrichment step, the adsorption columns are treated with sodium nitrate solution. Model experiments with p-chlorophenol and chloride concentrations of 50 g/L showed the effectiveness of this method. The loaded and washed adsorption columns are first eluated with acetone and then with ethyl acetate. Quantification of the OX compounds in the eluates is carried out by microcoulometric detection after combustion in a furnace equipped with a special injector for eluates. For optimal work, the instrument was modified and improved. The presented method was developed on model samples and tested on different real samples. 相似文献
20.
通过对腾冲火山地球化学观测站中用气相色谱仪对火山区温泉逸出气体成分的观测实践的理论总结,系统介绍了用气相色谱仪对温泉逸出气体常规成分的快速测定方法.结果表明,SP3400型气相色谱仪具有一系列优点.通过合理的仪器配置、参数设置、规范的运行维护和分析操作,SP3400型气相色谱仪可以快速准确地分析温泉逸出气体中He、H_2、O_2、N_2、CH_4、CO_2等常规组分的含量.对这些组份总量分析的相对偏差只有1.89%,对CO_2组份分析的相对偏差只有2.18%,对He、H_2等ppm级含量的组份分析的相对偏差分别只有10.24%和11.44%,说明SP3400的型气相色谱仪的测试结果有相当高的可靠性和准确性.SP3400型气相色谱仪为温泉逸出气体常规组分快速测定的理想仪器,可以在火山和地震监测台站推广使用. 相似文献