共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 280 毫秒
1.
本文利用文献计量分析平台和可视化技术,定量分析了2000~2021年海底滑坡领域的研究特征,揭示了不同时间段的研究变化和发展趋势。结果表明: (1)近20年间海底滑坡领域的科研产出数量快速增长,中国是海底滑坡领域发文量增长最快的国家,与其他国家合作关系也比较密切。(2)对比分析中、美研究机构发现美国的研究机构最多,但中国的研究机构与国内外其他机构合作最多,影响力相对较大。(3)国内外近20年来在海底滑坡领域的研究基本保持一致,但最近几年在触发机制研究中,全球学者更关注海啸诱发海底滑坡,而中国学者更关注水合物分解引起的海底滑坡,这将是未来海底滑坡领域研究的新趋势。 相似文献
2.
降雨诱发浅层滑坡稳定性的计算模型研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
我国是一个滑坡灾害频发的国家,众多事实表明：降雨是影响边坡稳定性,导致边坡失稳的最主要和最普遍的环境因素,是浅层滑坡的触发因素。为了更好地对降雨诱发浅层滑坡进行研究,采用非饱和土VG模型与改进的Green-Ampt入渗模型对Mein-Larson降雨入渗模型进行改进,并结合无限边坡提出了一个降雨诱发浅层滑坡的简化计算模型。与以往提出的简化计算模型相比,该模型既考虑了坡面倾斜的影响,又考虑了非饱和土的特性,并可用于两种降雨形式下的边坡浅层稳定性估算,具有更广的应用范围。通过与有限元得到的结果进行比较可得：在不同降雨条件下,该计算模型得到的各项结果与数值解是接近的,安全系数计算结果是偏于安全的,因此,可将该计算模型用于降雨诱发浅层滑坡的近似估算;该计算模型公式简单,便于计算,计算效率较高。 相似文献
3.
2019年6月10日江西省全南县大吉山社区流域在一次降雨量171 mm、最大小时降雨量40.5 mm作用下发生了116处浅层滑坡。通过影像识别、野外调查、GIS分析和数理统计等方法分析了该地区浅层滑坡的发育特征、地形特征及此次滑坡发生的降雨阈值。结果表明：（1）滑坡的特征参数表明降雨事件诱发的滑坡均为小型、浅层、形态以“宽薄型”为主的滑坡。（2）通过滑坡数量百分比（LSNP）和滑坡面积百分比（LSAP）等指标显示滑坡发育的地形条件中滑坡坡度、相对高程、地表曲率对滑坡具有较明显的控制作用,坡向和临空面对滑坡分布影响性不强,人类工程活动对滑坡发育的影响不容忽视。（3）利用现有预报模型,计算出该区域浅层滑坡发生的阈值P<0.21、0.21≤P<0.40、P≥0.40分别对应发生可能性小、中等和大,以及发生浅层滑坡需要的一次最小降雨量为70 mm。该成果可为类似地质背景地区的浅层滑坡风险管理和灾害预警提供重要参考。 相似文献
4.
在降雨与浅层滑坡稳定性关系的研究中, 目前的研究往往忽略了降雨类型的影响.因此, 选取4种具有代表性的降雨类型: 均匀型、递增型、递减型以及峰值型为对象, 基于Rosso提出的降雨强度与地下水关系模型, 构建考虑降雨类型的浅层滑坡地下水位高度随降雨时间的变化关系, 研究不同降雨类型对浅层滑坡地下水位变化的影响.进而, 结合无限边坡理论, 建立浅层滑坡的稳定性计算模型, 研究不同降雨类型对浅层滑坡稳定性的影响.研究结果表明: 降雨类型对浅层滑坡稳定性的影响是明显的, 递增型降雨作用下的浅层滑坡安全系数最小, 其次是均匀型降雨, 再次是峰值型降雨, 最大的是递减型降雨; 同时在确定浅层滑坡临界降雨量和进行区域浅层滑坡易发性研究时降雨类型的影响不容忽视. 相似文献
5.
黄土高原是我国地质灾害最为发育的地区之一,其中降雨诱发的浅层黄土滑坡又最为典型。以典型黄土地貌区-柳林县为例,应用SINMAP模型,探讨模型在黄土地区的适用性,分析了随着研究区内降雨量的增加,滑坡变形失稳区域的面积变化、分布位置和扩展趋势。研究表明,随着降雨量的增加,滑坡所处位置逐渐由稳定状态向失稳状态发展,位于失稳分区的滑坡数量逐渐增加,说明降雨对该研究区的斜坡稳定性影响较为明显。通过将模拟结果与实际发生的由降雨触发的滑坡灾害进行对比分析,可以得出SINMAP模型在黄土地区,对区域性降雨诱发浅层黄土滑坡稳定性的模拟预测有效,可以用于黄土地区浅层滑坡的稳定性评价研究。 相似文献
6.
为准确掌握浅层顺层滑坡的成因机制,合理评价其稳定性,基于滑坡所处地质条件,先开展其成因机制分析,再利用传递系数法和变形预测模型分别开展滑坡稳定性的现状评价及预测评价。实例分析表明：浅层顺层滑坡的影响因素相对较多,且由于浅层滑坡的滑体厚度较薄,受外界扰动影响易较大,因此,浅层滑坡对各类因素的敏感性均较强。在滑坡稳定性现状评价结果中：天然工况条件下的稳定性系数为1.21,属稳定状态;暴雨工况条件下的稳定性系数为1.02,属欠稳定状态;地震工况条件下的稳定性系数为1.09,属基本稳定状态。在滑坡稳定性预测评价结果中,滑坡各监测点位置处的变形预测速率均一定程度上大于现有变形速率,说明滑坡后续累计变形仍会进一步加速,其说明在本次监测时段后的滑坡稳定性将趋于减弱,需尽快开展此滑坡防治研究。研究成果可为浅层顺层滑坡灾害防治提供一定的理论指导。 相似文献
7.
降雨及库水位联合作用下秭归八字门滑坡稳定性预测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对三峡库区库水位调控方案和极端降雨情况,对秭归县八字门滑坡稳定性分析设置了10种计算工况,采用SEEP/W软件模拟该滑坡在降雨入渗及库水位联合作用下的暂态渗流场,并利用SLOPE/W软件,将暂态孔隙水压力分布用于该滑坡的极限平衡分析中,确定不同工况下（不同降雨强度）的滑坡稳定性系数,据此采用降雨量对该滑坡进行失稳预测。研究认为：150 mm/d以上的降雨量对该滑坡影响较大,降雨入渗具有滞后性;在相同的降雨量情况下,1 d的降雨强度比5 d的连续降雨对滑坡体的稳定性影响更明显;在水位从175 m降至145 m的过程中,临界雨量为100 mm/d时,滑坡就可能失稳;水位从145 m升至175 m的过程中和175 mm稳定水位时,当临界雨量为200 mm/d时,滑坡才可能失稳,即水位骤降过程中滑坡失稳概率大。不同工况下的滑坡土体含水率分析结果表明,降雨影响的主要是上部土体,下部土体含水率受控于地下水位,即降雨更容易引起浅层滑坡与局部滑坡 相似文献
8.
黄土丘陵地区地质环境脆弱,每到雨季极易诱发浅层黄土滑坡,对居民的生命和财产安全构成威胁也阻碍着当地经济的发展。对浅层滑坡进行稳定性评价,不仅有助于认识浅层滑坡的发生发展过程,而且对防灾减灾和地区规划建设具有十分重要的指导意义。本研究选择SINMAP模型作为评价浅层黄土滑坡的重要工具,评价了陕西省延安市志丹县黄土丘陵区浅层滑坡的稳定性,评价结果表明:1)研究区整体稳定性程度较高,在降雨量为8.6 mm、15 mm、25 mm、50 mm和100 mm时不稳定区域(包括极不稳定、不稳定和潜在不稳定)面积分别占研究区总面积的9.12%、18.93%、23.17%、30.94%和38.67%,不稳定区域的面积不超过整个研究区面积的一半,极不稳定区域的滑坡密度最大,其次为不稳定区域和潜在不稳定区域;2)随着降雨量的增大,潜在不稳定和不稳定区域的面积会逐渐扩大,极不稳定区始终位于坡度大且水流侵蚀强烈的地方,变化幅度小;3)浅层滑坡的稳定性很大程度上依赖于当地的地形条件:坡度分布为20°~51°,高程分布范围为1302~1606 m,在坡向上阴坡的发生数量多于阳坡,西向和西北向浅层滑坡最为发育;4)流域内的滑坡多属降雨诱发的山体滑坡,确定性模型SINMAP为预测这一类滑坡提供了强大的工具,不仅评估了现有的已发生的滑坡的稳定性,也预测了未来在不同降雨条件下可能发生滑坡的地区。分析结果可为预防和减轻滑坡灾害带来的损失,合理的城市规划和道路选址等提供参考。 相似文献
9.
2011年6月5日至6月6日,贵州望谟县发生连续强降雨,引发境内纳包沟泥石流灾害,给当地居民的生命和财产造成巨大损失。本研究着重分析了纳包沟泥石流的物源、地形和降雨因素,指出该地区降雨强度大,流域内30°～40°坡度范围比例最大,最有利于浅层滑坡的发育,滑坡进而为泥石流的暴发提供主要物源;进一步得出泥石流的特征和动力学参数,泥石流为稀性泥石流,最大洪峰流量25 m3/s,泥石流一次冲出固体总量约6 100 m3。该次泥石流的形成机理为浅层滑坡引起的滑坡型泥石流。针对纳包沟的特点,当地政府和居民都应高度重视并实施相应的生物和工程措施以预防泥石流的发生。 相似文献
10.
三峡库区存在大量的双滑带及多滑带古滑坡,目前对库岸双滑带滑坡变形复活特征及稳定性响应特征的研究较少.以塔坪滑坡为例,通过工程地质勘察和监测资料分析,揭示了该滑坡变形复活特征.并进一步开展了库水位和降雨联合作用下塔坪滑坡的渗流场和稳定性数值模拟计算,揭示了不同滑带对库水位波动和降雨的响应特征.结果表明,塔坪滑坡为阶梯式变形模式,每年的雨季和库水位下降期,滑坡变形速度增大.滑坡表现为显著的前缘牵引式渐进破坏模式.降雨主要对浅层滑带的稳定性产生较大的影响,对深层滑带的影响较小.库水位抬升,浅层滑带的稳定性降低,深层滑带的稳定性增大;库水位下降,浅层滑带的稳定性增大,深层滑带稳定性减小. 相似文献
11.
位于黄河上游的曲哇加萨巨型滑坡1985—2020年间发生多起不同程度的局部滑动,严重威胁国道G227 及下方村民生命和财产安全。以2019年9月20日发生于曲哇加萨老滑坡东北段中前缘的H1滑坡为例,在野外调查、形变数据以及稳定性分析的基础上,研究了该滑坡的变形破坏特征,并通过动力学模拟进一步分析了滑坡的成灾范围,反演分析验证了1号滑面浅层滑坡按照摩擦流变模型运动后,将运动堆积到挡墙至军功路段国道G227和居民区,而预测分析发现欠稳定状态的2号滑面浅层滑坡运动后,将运动堆积到军功路至黄河段居民区,但不至于引起堵塞黄河灾害发生。研究结果可为黄河上游巨型滑坡的运动预测评价方法提供一定参考。 相似文献
12.
Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy 总被引：3，自引：6，他引：3
Diana Salciarini Jonathan W. Godt William Z. Savage Pietro Conversini Rex L. Baum John A. Michael 《Landslides》2006,3(3):181-194
We model the rainfall-induced initiation of shallow landslides over a broad region using a deterministic approach, the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Slope-stability (TRIGRS) model that couples an infinite-slope stability analysis with a one-dimensional analytical solution for transient pore pressure response to rainfall infiltration. This model permits the evaluation of regional shallow landslide susceptibility in a Geographic Information System framework, and we use it to analyze susceptibility to shallow landslides in an area in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy. As shown on a landslide inventory map produced by the Italian National Research Council, the area has been affected in the past by shallow landslides, many of which have transformed into debris flows. Input data for the TRIGRS model include time-varying rainfall, topographic slope, colluvial thickness, initial water table depth, and material strength and hydraulic properties. Because of a paucity of input data, we focus on parametric analyses to calibrate and test the model and show the effect of variation in material properties and initial water table conditions on the distribution of simulated instability in the study area in response to realistic rainfall. Comparing the results with the shallow landslide inventory map, we find more than 80% agreement between predicted shallow landslide susceptibility and the inventory, despite the paucity of input data. 相似文献
13.
Physical and numerical modelling of shallow landslides 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Physical modelling is an extremely useful tool for the study of the triggering process of shallow landslides. For this reason, in this work, numerous laboratory tests have been performed using a specific flume test apparatus. A wide range of initial soil conditions (i.e. porosity and water content) has been investigated to analyze the induced effect on failure time and mode, even simulating the presence of preferential flow directions within the soil. Different tests have been performed also reproducing, on a laboratory scale, the landslide event occurred on October 1, 2009, in the area where the testing material was sampled (i.e. Giampilieri, north-eastern Sicily, Italy). Furthermore, the experimental results have been employed to verify the capability of shallow landslide instability prediction (SLIP), a simplified stability model for the prediction of shallow landslide occurrence, to reproduce the triggering process. 相似文献
14.
Lorella Montrasio Roberto Valentino Angela Corina Lauro Rossi Roberto Rudari 《Natural Hazards》2014,74(2):1263-1290
In the last decades, physically based distributed models turned out rather promising to achieve the space–time assessment of shallow landslides at large spatial scale. This technical note deals with the application of a physically based stability model named Shallow Landslides Instability Prediction (SLIP), which has been adopted by the Department of National Civil Protection of Italy as a prototype early warning system for rainfall-induced shallow landslides on national scale. The model is used as a main methodology to create space–time shallow landslide susceptibility maps based on a simple deterministic slope-stability approach, combined with high-resolution rainfall information and geographic information system-based geospatial datasets. The safety factor as an index to measure slope instability is modeled as function of topographic, geologic, geotechnical and hydrologic variables. Although the main aim of this work was to prove the operational viability of such model on a nationwide domain and some simplification are adopted at this stage, hind cast tests on some relevant case histories of shallow landslides occurred between October 2009 and October 2011 showed that the model has skill in representing both timing and location of those shallow landslides. 相似文献
15.
Matja? Miko? 《Landslides》2011,8(4):541-551
The international journal Landslides (ISSN 1612-510X), launched in 2004 and published by Springer Verlag, soon gained international recognition as the only specialized
scientific journal in the world dedicated to different aspects of landslides, and as one of the leading world journals in
the field of geological engineering. After 7 years, seven published volumes with 28 issues and 290 published papers on 2,794
pages, there is time to make a comparison with other related journals that also cover the field of landslide risk mitigation.
The critical review of these seven publishing years was done using ISI Journal Citation Reports produced by Thomson Reuters,
and available scientometric data from the ISI Web of Knowledge and SCOPUS. The data presented in this paper and the analysis
shown may help the Editorial Board to further improve the journal into the direction of a high quality scientific journal
with even higher impact on the international research community in the field of landslide risk mitigation. 相似文献
16.
不同降雨条件下黄土高原浅层滑坡危险性预测评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
黄土地区浅层滑坡发育非常广泛,由于其具有分布规律性差、前期变形迹象小、分布范围大、面小点多等特征,目前还无法进行有效预测,因此给黄土地区工程安全带来严重威胁。根据无限边坡模型,结合降雨入渗-土体强度衰减规律和GIS（地理信息系统）技术,构建了不同降雨条件下黄土地区浅层滑坡发育危险性评价模型,并将该评价模型应用到延河一级支流幸福川流域,预测在有效降雨量30、50、100、200 mm条件下,该流域浅层滑坡发育程度,并与当前较为流行的SINMAP模型(地形稳定性模型)进行对比。结果表明：①不稳定和潜在不稳定浅层滑坡主要分布在末级河流的两侧和源头,稳定和较稳定区域主要分布在一级河流河道两侧和塬面上;通过对比分析,SINMAP模型计算的结果与本文建立的模型在降雨强度30 mm时的计算结果较为一致。②在本文建立的模型评价结果中,随着有效降雨量的增加,Fs（稳定性系数）<1.00的不稳定区域所占比例逐渐增加,从30 mm的1.12%到200 mm的4.79%;相反,稳定区域则出现逐渐减少的趋势。③根据已发生灾害点的分布,随着有效降雨量的增加,研究区域已发生的灾害点分布在Fs<1.25的比例明显增加,从30 mm的62%到200 mm的88%,在SINMAP评价模型中,研究区域已发生的灾害点的64%分布在不稳定和潜在不稳定区域内,说明本文所建立的评价模型具有一定的精度。通过与SINMAP评价模型对比,本文建立的模型主要采用基于降雨入渗规律,而SINMAP评价模型主要基于降雨汇流过程,因此在利用过程中应根据区域特征选择利用。 相似文献
17.
The potential for widespread landslides is generally increased when extraordinary wet periods occur during times of elevated subsurface hydrologic conditions. A series of storms in early 2018 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, overlapped with a period of increased shallow soil moisture and rising bedrock groundwater levels resulting from seasonally diminished evapotranspiration and induced widespread landslides in the region. Most of the landslides were shallow slope failures in colluvium, landslide deposits, and/or fill. However, deep-seated landslide activity also occurred and corresponded with record cumulative precipitation from late February to April and bedrock groundwater levels rising to an annual high. Landslides blocked or damaged roads, adversely affected multiple houses, disrupted electrical service, crushed vehicles, and resulted in considerable economic losses. The initial landslides occurred during or immediately after a rare period of three successive days of heavy rain that began on February 14. Subsequent landslides between late February and April were induced by multiday storms with smaller rainfall totals. As shallow soil moisture at a monitoring site rose above a volumetric water content of 32%, the mean rainfall intensities necessary to induce slope failure in colluvium and other surficial deposits decreased. Deep-seated landslide movement occurred in the region mostly when the groundwater level in a bedrock observation well was shallower than 1.7 m. The availability of hydrologic and landslide movement monitoring data during this extraordinary series of storms highlighted the evolution of the landslide hazard with changing moisture conditions and yielded insights into potential hydrologic criteria for anticipating future widespread landslides in the region.
相似文献18.
Landslides are mainly triggered by decrease in the matric suction with deepening the wetting band by rainfall infiltrations. This paper reports rainfall-induced landslides in partially saturated soil slopes through a field study. A comprehensive analysis on Umyeonsan (Mt.) landslides in 2011 was highlighted. The incident involves the collapse of unsaturated soil slopes under extreme-rainfall event. Fundamental studies on the mechanism and the cause of landslides were carried out. A number of technical findings are of interest, including the failure mechanism of a depth of soil and effect of groundwater flow, the downward movement of wetting band and the increase of groundwater level. Based on this, an integrated analysis methodology for a rainfall-induced landslide is proposed in this paper that incorporates the field matric suction for obtaining hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil. The field matric suction is shown to govern the rate of change in the water infiltration for the landslide analysis with respect to an antecedent rainfall. Special attention was given to a one-dimensional infiltration model to determine the wetting band depth in the absence of the field matric suction. The results indicate that landslide activities were primarily dependent on rainfall infiltration, soil properties, slope geometries, vegetation, and groundwater table positions. The proposed methodology has clearly demonstrated both shallow and deep-seated landslides and shows good agreement with the results of landslide investigations. 相似文献
19.
我国黄土高原面积广阔,地质灾害频繁发生。多级旋转黄土滑坡因其特征和成因复杂成为一种特殊的灾害类型。在野外详细调查、工程勘察的基础上,分析宝鸡渭北台塬边和永靖黑方台塬边多级旋转滑坡基本特征,认为渭北台塬大型黄土-红层多级旋转滑坡主要受新构造运动、河流的侧蚀、地层岩性等因素控制形成,黑方台的浅层旋转黄土层内滑坡和黄土-泥岩多级旋转滑坡则是长期黄土塬大面积漫灌的结果。同时首次建立了多级旋转黄土滑坡的3种形成演化模式：扩展式旋转滑坡、渐灭式旋转滑坡和复合式旋转滑坡,并进行滑坡实例分析,提出多级旋转滑坡局部蠕动挤压、滑坡加速剧滑失稳、滑坡调整稳定、后缘新滑坡孕育变形和滑后稳定调整5个变形阶段,为这类滑坡的稳定性评价奠定了基础。 相似文献