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1.
本文利用在菲律宾海布放的一套锚系潜标获取的长时间海流和水温观测数据,分析了吕宋海峡以东的深海海洋环境特征,着重阐释了该海域海流的全水深垂向结构及其低频变化特征。研究表明,表层(100～160 m)平均流向为西偏北,流速约为12.5 cm/s;中层(810 m)的平均流为西向,流速为2.6 cm/s;深层(1 550 m和2 560 m)的平均流速在1 cm/s以内,近底(4 040 m)的流向为较稳定的西南向,流速为2.3 cm/s。上层海流的动能比中层和深层大1～2个量级,总动能、平均动能、涡动动能均在表层最大,中层次之、深层最小,各层次涡动能均大于平均动能。中上层海流的低频变化具有极高的相似性,全年为81～85 d的周期振荡;近底层海流则不同,变化周期约为51 d。 相似文献
2.
利用小波分析方法,对2003-2008年周平均的Argo(地转海洋学实时观测阵)海温资料进行了分析,给出了全球上层海温年周期和半年周期振荡的空间分布特征.结果表明,南北半球中高纬地区以表层海温的年周期变化为主,在低纬度地区,表层海温以半年周期为主,而温跃层附近海温既有年周期也有半年周期(赤道太平洋、东南印度洋和赤道西大西洋以年周期为主;赤道东、西印度洋以半年周期为主).南北半球中高纬的年周期海温和北半球中纬度的半年周期海温在表层范围最大,显著性最高,强度最强,位相最前.随深度的增加,范围减小,显著性降低,强度减弱,位相滞后.信号主要集中在水深50 m以上,影响深度在150m以浅;赤道附近的太平洋和热带东南印度洋的年周期海温以及赤道东、西印度洋的半年周期海温在水深100m范围最大,显著性最高,强度最强,位相最前,信号主要集中在温跃层附近,影响深度均可达500m. 相似文献
3.
南海北部春季海流的垂向变化 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
对南海北部一连续观测站的春季海流资料进行功率谱分析,潮流调和分析及统计分析,得到了南海北部春季海流垂向结构的基本特征为：（１）实测平均海流偏Ｗ向流动并随深度的增加稍作逆时针方向偏转,平均流速随深度的增加而减小,实测海流的日周期明显,在垂向上,近底层（３００ｍ）的功率谱峰值明显比其它水层的大,表明该层海流包含的日周期波动最强;（２）海区的日潮流相当强,其最大流速（Ｋｋ１＋Ｗｏ１）在近底层最大;日潮流 相似文献
4.
宫古海峡通道海流的高分辨率数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用美国麻省理工大学MITgcm模式、模式嵌套技术和高分辨率网格(水平方向为1°/48×1°/48,垂向为22层),模拟了宫古海峡通道中的海流流动状况。流场不同分辨率的模拟结果表明,海底地形对宫古海峡通道中的海流流动影响显著;宫古海峡通道中的海流流动结构具有如下特征:垂向流动可分为3层,每层均存在流速核心;400 m以浅的上层海流从太平洋流入到东海,平均流速约为10 cm/s,流速核心位于160 m附近;400~1 000 m的中层海流从东海流出到太平洋,平均流速约为2 cm/s,流速核心位于650 m附近;1 000 m以下的深层海流从太平洋流入到东海,平均流速约为1 cm/s,流速核心位于1 200 m附近。宫古海峡通道中的海流流动具有较强的季节变化特征,秋末冬初流动较强,夏季流动较弱。 相似文献
5.
《海洋气象学报》2017,(1)
基于2012年9月—2013年12月中南半岛外海累计16个月的长时间序列潜标观测数据,结合AVISO海表面高度异常(sea level anomaly,SLA)数据,首次详细分析了中南半岛外海典型中尺度涡的运动规律和垂向特征及其对环境水文特征的影响,揭示了该海域深层海流的时间变化特征。在观测期间共捕捉到3次中尺度涡过程,中尺度涡对站位所在海域主温跃层深度变化的最大影响振幅可达50 m。研究发现:1)观测站位所在海域各深度的温度异常时间变化与站位SLA时间变化的相关性随深度增加逐渐减弱。2)上层和中层的海水流动受中尺度涡影响显著。1 500 m和2 000 m的深层环流主要表现为季节变化;在强中尺度涡暖涡经过期间,中尺度涡能影响到1 500 m的环流场,同时出现30 d周期震荡。2 000 m流场则不受中尺度涡影响。3)中南半岛以东南海1 500 m处深层海流月平均流速夏季大于冬季,月平均可达3.5 cm·s~(-1);2 000 m处深层海流最大流速出现在冬季,月平均可达2.6 cm·s~(-1)。深层海流受潮汐影响显著,潮汐作用主要影响深层海流东西向流速的变化。 相似文献
6.
《应用海洋学学报》2015,(4)
通过对WOA13数据库季节平均数据的分析依次得到锋区内0~1 000 m各层锋轴线的位置,对马海流锋轴线位置由表层的40°N附近随深度增加逐渐南移到39°N附近且位置的季节摆动幅度增大.利用绝对梯度方法对温度锋强度与盐度锋强度的水平分布及垂直变化进行了分析;对比了四季锋强度的差异以及差异比率,得到了不同深度不同季节锋强度强弱分布的规律.对比声速穿过锋线时的差异认为表面声速从南到北逐渐减小,锋轴线南北两侧声速差异主要集中在150 m以内,且随深度增加声速差异减小.此外,还运用BELLHOP模型对锋区内700 m以浅的声道特点以及声传播损失进行了简单分析. 相似文献
7.
对南海北部一连续观测站的春季海流资料进行功率谱分析、潮流调和分析及统计分析,得到南海北部春季海流垂向结构的基本特征为:(1)实测平均海流偏W向流动并随深度的增加稍作逆时针方向偏转,平均流速随深度的增加而减小;实测海流的日周期明显,在垂向上,近底层(300m)的功率谱峰值明显比其它水层的大,表明该层海流包含的日周期波动最强;(2)海区的日潮流相当强,其最大流速(WK1 WO1)在近底层最大;日潮流作顺时针方向旋转,其椭圆长轴基本上为偏NW—SE向;(3)海区的平均余流呈偏W向流动,在200m层相对较稳定,随深度的增加其方向略呈逆时针方向偏转,量值呈减弱趋势。 相似文献
8.
洋浦港附近夏季潮余流特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过设置在洋浦外面12m等深线处锚定浮标,在2006年7月进行1个月的表、中、底层海流连续观测,通过资料分析得出如下结论:受北部潮流无流点影响,涨落潮方向基本指向北-东北方向,实测流速最大也只有37cm/s;表、中、底层的余流流向基本一致,在18～22°之间变化;表层余流流速在3～17cm/s范围内变化,变化幅度较大,中层次之,底层最小;余流流速有2个近似半个月的变化周期,流速起伏与潮位高低有很好对应关系;潮汐余流是这个海域余流形成的主要机制,风对余流流速流向也有一定影响. 相似文献
9.
本文利用2010年6-7月的实测温盐、水位、海流等资料,结合风场数据,讨论了在台风影响较小的情况下,粤东及闽南近岸上升流对局地风场变化的响应特征,主要结论如下:（1）谱分析结果显示,沿岸风、水位、海流、近底层水温均具有3.5～4.0 d、5.0～5.5 d、8.3～9.0 d的波动周期,沿岸风的变化引起上升流强度在3～9 d周期上的波动;（2）上升流对局地风场变化的响应过程如下:利于上升流产生的局地风场发生变化时,沿岸风作用下产生的Ekman输运促使的上升流区水位的下降幅度发生改变,随即向岸方向的压强梯度力也发生变化,进而导致沿岸流及近底层向岸流的增强或减弱,而近底层向岸流强度的改变又会引起近底层水温的变化;（3）相关分析及交叉谱分析的结果表明,沿岸风的变化将在3 d以内影响上升流区近底层水温。以34 m向岸流代表近底层向岸流,则“沿岸风-水位-近底层向岸流-近底层水温”这一过程的响应时间依次为24 h、7 h、27 h左右。 相似文献
10.
文章根据大量近期的海流观测资料和导出的一个简单数学模式,研究了长江口潮流的垂直结构,其结构的基本特征是:(1)最大流速随深度增加而变小。水深愈浅,变化速率愈大;(2)最大流速方向在本区西部自表层到底层不断向左偏,在东部则不断右偏;(3)最大流速到达时间随深度增加不断超前;(4)潮流旋转方向基本呈顺时针方向,越近海底潮流椭圆越扁;(5)全日潮流与半日潮流的比值随深度增加呈非线性变化,中层比表层和底层要小。海底摩擦力是造成以上垂直结构的主要原因。 相似文献
11.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(25):2582-2592
Observations from a five-mooring array deployed in the vicinity of Sedlo Seamount over a 4-month period, together with supporting hydrographic and underway ADCP measurements, are described. Sedlo Seamount is an elongated, intermediate depth seamount with three separate peaks, rising from 2200 m water depth to summit peaks between 950 and 780 m depth, located at 40°20′N, 26°40W. Currents measured in depth range 750 and 820 m – the layer close to the summit depth of the shallowest southeast peak – showed a mean anti-cyclonic flow around the seamount, with residual current velocities of 2–5 cm s−1. Significant mesoscale variability was present at this level, and this is attributed to the weak and variable background impinging flow. Stronger, more persistent currents were found at the summit mooring as a result of tidal rectification and some weak amplification. Below 1300 m, currents were extremely weak, even close to the seabed. Time series of relative vorticity for the depth layer 750–820 m showed persistent anti-cyclonic vorticity except for two periods of cyclonic vorticity. A mean relative vorticity of −0.06f (f=the local Coriolis frequency) was calculated from a triangle of current meters located at the flanks of the seamount. Modelling results confirmed that anti-cyclonic flow above the seamount was likely due to Taylor Cone generation driven by a combination of steady impinging and tidally rectified flow. The closed circulation pattern over the seamount was found to extend to ∼150 m above the summit level, consistent with simple idealised theory and the supporting hydrographic observations. At shallower depths (<500 m) model simulations predicted a predominantly cyclonic recirculation most likely controlled by topographic steering along the zonal axis of the seamount. There was some indication of flow reversal at these depths from Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements carried out at one hydrographic survey. The model results were in good agreement with observations at the seamount summit, but were unable to reproduce the mesoscale variability patterns recorded in shallower layers. Kinetic energy patterns derived from the model revealed high variability in the oceanic far field downstream of the seamount summit probably as a result of complex flow interaction along the chain of seamount peaks. Possible impacts of the flow dynamics on the biological functioning at Sedlo Seamount and its surroundings are discussed. 相似文献
12.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(10):1635-1657
Assemblage structures and distribution patterns of larval fishes and paralarval cephalopods were examined in September 1998 at Great Meteor Seamount, an isolated seamount located in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic. Early life stages of fish (n=18555) and cephalopods (n=1200) were collected at 23 stations with a multiple opening–closing net, in seven discrete depth strata from 290 m depth (close to the seamount plateau) to the surface. Oceanic species dominated in both taxonomic groups. A peak in diversity was observed at an intermediate depth, in the 100–150 m water layer. Direct and indirect gradient analyses showed distinct species assemblages in the upper and lower part of the water column, separated by approximately 150 m. The division was statistically significant, although a considerable overlap between species was also observed. Above the summit, vertical gaps were found in the distributions of the deeper assemblages, likely caused by increased predation pressure by benthopelagic fish. Horizontal distribution patterns of fish and cephalopods were similar and corresponded to the structure of closed circulation cells detected above the flanks and the flat plateau area. Fish assemblages were significantly different between the inner and outer seamount regime, which was approximately separated by the 1500 m depth contour. Differences in the taxonomic composition of cephalopods were less pronounced; for only one cephalopod species could a direct association with the seamount be assumed. The study indicates a significant retention potential at the seamount that facilitates local recruitment of resident stocks and generates self-sustainable populations isolated from the continental shelf and oceanic islands. 相似文献
13.
海山是富钴结壳主要的成矿载体,结壳成矿分布不仅受到海洋最低含氧带、碳酸盐补偿深度、生物生产力、物质来源、海水氧含量等大尺度宏观因素的影响,同时也受到海山地形、沉积作用和底层海流冲刷等小尺度微观因素的控制。通过对以中太平洋R海山为主的水下结壳成矿与分布的深入研究,发现结壳富集区以海山浅水区域为主;地形地貌上的尖顶高地区、顶坡过渡带、山体鞍部、山脊、斜坡上部等区域结壳质量较好,覆盖率高;下斜坡、山谷、山顶平坦区和斜坡区平缓台地是结壳贫乏区,结壳厚度小、覆盖率也低;15°以下的小坡度地形结壳成矿较好,3°~7°最佳,15°以上的大坡度区质量有所下降,陡崖区最差。地形对结壳分布和成矿起基础性影响作用,沉积作用和底流冲刷分别起到阻滞和促进作用,海流是保持低坡度区结壳长期稳定生长的关键因素,地形控矿本质上是和底层流联合对抗沉积堆积作用的过程。 相似文献
14.
Given the advances in satellite altimetry and multibeam bathymetry, benthic terrain classification based on digital bathymetric models (DBMs) has been widely used for the mapping of benthic topographies. For instance, cobalt-rich crusts (CRCs) are important mineral resources found on seamounts and guyots in the western Pacific Ocean. Thick, plate-like CRCs are known to form on the summit and slopes of seamounts at the 1 000–3 000 m depth, while the relationship between seamount topography and spatial distribution of CRCs remains unclear. The benthic terrain classification of seamounts can solve this problem, thereby, facilitating the rapid exploration of seamount CRCs. Our study used an EM122 multibeam echosounder to retrieve high-resolution bathymetry data in the CRCs contract license area of China, i.e., the Jiaxie Guyots in 2015 and 2016. Based on the DBM construted by bathymetirc data, broad- and fine-scale bathymetric position indices were utilized for quantitative classification of the terrain units of the Jiaxie Guyots on multiple scales. The classification revealed four first-order terrain units (e.g., flat, crest, slope, and depression) and eleven second-order terrain units (e.g., local crests, depressions on crests, gentle slopes, crests on slopes, and local depressions, etc.). Furthermore, the classification of the terrain and geological analysis indicated that the Weijia Guyot has a large flat summit, with local crests at the southern summit, whereas most of the guyot flanks were covered by gentle slopes. “Radial” mountain ridges have developed on the eastern side, while large-scale gravitational landslides have developed on the western and southern flanks. Additionally, landslide masses can be observed at the bottom of these slopes. The coverage of local crests on the seamount is ~1 000 km2, and the local crests on the peak and flanks of the guyots may be the areas where thick and continuous plate-like CRCs are likely to occur. 相似文献
15.
依据2010年1月南海北部坡折带冬季航次资料,发现150~1 000 m层溶解氧表现出东北高、西南低的分布特征,在垂向上溶解氧整体上呈由表至底逐渐降低趋势。在强烈的水交换作用下溶解氧浓度大于8 mg/dm3等值线占据50 m以浅海域。中尺度暖涡在很大程度上改变了中下层海水中溶解氧空间分布,150~1 000 m层暖涡中心附近海域的溶解氧含量显著高于周边未受或受暖涡影响较小的海域,此外,溶解氧与营养盐、温度、盐度、pH之间在不同层次上存在明显的相关性,表明该海域冬季溶解氧的分布受物理过程和生化过程的影响。 相似文献
16.
本文使用吕宋海峡以东的潜标观测的长达1年的海流数据,重点对该海域海流的高频波动(潮流)的垂向分布及其时间变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:该海域次表层(100～160 m)的潮动能比中层(1 550 m)和深层(2 560 m)大1～2个数量级,近底层(4 040 m)的潮动能略大于中、深层;次表层为不正规半日潮流,中、深层为不正规全日潮流;各层次潮动能均在夏季(6?9月)和冬季(2?3月)增强,与M2分潮和K1分潮在夏季和冬季的增强相对应;各层次海流的高频波动以顺时针旋转为主,次表层海流近惯性周期接近当地理论惯性周期,中、深层略小于当地理论惯性周期。 相似文献
17.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2001,48(2):567-591
Boundary currents and internal waves determine cross-slope zonation of erosion and deposition in the Faeroe-Shetland Channel. Currents were measured at 8 and 34–50 m above the bottom at three mooring sites (502, 595 and 708 m depth) for 14 days. The structure of the water column was evaluated from CTD sections, and included nepheloid layers and particulate matter concentrations. Indicators for recent deposition in the sediment (organic carbon, phytopigments, 210Pb) were measured at eight stations across the slope. Strong near-bottom currents at the upper slope sustain down-slope particle transport in a benthic nepheloid layer, which is eroded under the influence of critically reflecting M2 internal tidal waves at 350–550 m, where the major pycnocline meets the sloping bottom. Beam attenuation profiles confirmed the presence of intermediate nepheloid layers intruding into the Channel along the major pycnocline, and elevated concentrations of particulate matter and chlorophyll-a were measured at this depth. Near-bottom currents decreased with depth, thus allowing particle deposition down the slope. Inventories of excess 210Pb activity in the sediment deeper than 600 m were higher than what was expected on the basis of atmospheric input of 210Pb and production in the water column, thus indicating additional lateral inputs. Simple calculations showed that off-slope input of particles from areas shallower than 600 m may be responsible for the enhanced deposition at greater depths. 相似文献
18.
Yun-Bae Kim Kyung-Il Chang Kuh Kim Jae-Hun Park Jae-Hak Lee 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(2):259-271
The vertical structure of low-frequency flows in the central Ulleung Interplain Gap of the southwestern East Sea (Sea of Japan)
is analyzed based on full-depth current measurement during November 2002–April 2004. Record-length mean flows are directed
toward the Ulleung Basin (Tsushima Basin) throughout the entire water column. Upper current variability above the permanent
thermocline with a dominant period of about 50–60 days is shown to be closely related to the displacement of an anticyclonic
warm eddy associated with the westward meander of the Offshore Branch. Fluctuations of deep currents below the permanent thermocline
have a dominant period of about 40 days. Coherence between the current near the seabed and shallower depths is statistically
significant up to 360 m for a period range between 15 and 100 days, but less significantly correlated with currents in the
upper 200 m. Data from the densely equipped mooring line reveal that mean and eddy kinetic energies are minima at 1000 m,
where isotherm slopes are also relatively flat. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses suggest that more than 79% of
total variances of upper and deep currents can be explained by their respective first EOF mode characterized by nearly depth-independent
eigenvectors. Spectral and EOF analyses of observed currents suggest that most of the deep current variability is not directly
related to local upper current variability during the observation period. 相似文献
19.
Fangfang Kuang Jing Cha Junpeng Zhang Aijun Pan Hangyu Chen Xiwu Zhou Chunsheng Jing Xiaogang Guo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(11):1-11
In this paper, the intra-seasonal variability of the abyssal currents in the China Ocean Mineral Resources Association (COMRA) polymetallic nodule contact area, located in the western part of the Clarion and Clipperton Fraction Zone in the tropical East Pacific, is investigated using direct observations from subsurface mooring instruments as well as sea-surface height data and reanalysis products. Mooring observations were conducted from September 13, 2017 to August 15, 2018 in the COMRA contact area (10°N, 154°W). The results were as follows: (1) At depths below 200 m, the kinetic energy of intra-seasonal variability (20?100 d) accounts for more than 40% of the overall low-frequency variability, while the ratio reaches more than 50% below 2 000 m. (2) At depths below 200 m, currents show a synchronous oscillation with a characteristic time scale of 30 d, lasting from October to the following January; the energy of the 30-d oscillation increases with depth until the layer of approximately 4 616 m, and the maximum velocity is approximately 10 cm/s. (3) The 30-d oscillation of deep currents is correlated with the tropical instability waves in the upper ocean. 相似文献