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1.
A digital landslide database has been created for Nicaragua to provide the scientific community and national authorities with
a tool for landslide-hazard assessment, emergency management, land-use planning, development of early warning systems, and
the implementation of public and private policies. The Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaraguan Geosciences
Institute, INETER) began to compile the database in a digital format in 2003 as part of a comprehensive geographical information
system for all types of geohazards. Landslide data have been obtained from a variety of sources including newspapers, technical
reports, and landslide inventory maps. Inventory maps are largely based on fieldwork and aerial-photo analyses conducted by
foreign development agencies in collaboration with INETER and other Nicaraguan institutions. This paper presents the sources
of landslide information, introduces the database, and presents the first analyses of the data at national and regional scales.
The database currently contains spatial information for about 17,000 landslides that occurred in mountainous and volcanic
terrains. Information is mainly recorded for the period 1826–2003, with a large number of events that occurred during the
disastrous Hurricane Mitch in October 1998. The oldest historical event is dated at 1570, some events are recorded as prehistorical,
and other events have unknown dates of occurrence. Debris flows have been the most common types of landslides, both in volcanic
and nonvolcanic areas, but other types, including rockfalls and slides, have also been identified. Intense and prolonged rainfall,
often associated with tropical cyclones, and seismic and volcanic activity represent the most important landslide triggers.
At a regional scale, the influence of topographic (elevation, slope angle, slope aspect) and lithologic parameters on the
occurrence of landslides was analyzed. The development of the database allowed us to define the state of knowledge on landslide
processes in the Nicaragua and to provide a preliminary identification of areas affected by landslides. 相似文献
2.
A New Zealand Landslide Database has been developed to hold all of New Zealand’s landslide data and provide factual data for use in landslide hazard and risk assessment, including a probabilistic landslide hazard model for New Zealand, which is currently being developed by GNS Science. Design of a national Landslide Database for New Zealand required consideration of existing landslide data stored in a variety of digital formats and future data yet to be collected. Pre-existing landslide datasets were developed and populated with data reflecting the needs of the landslide or hazard project, and the database structures of the time. Bringing these data into a single database required a new structure capable of containing landslide information at a variety of scales and accuracy, with many different attributes. A unified data model was developed to enable the landslide database to be a repository for New Zealand landslides, irrespective of scale and method of capture. Along with landslide locations, the database may contain information on the timing of landslide events, the type of landslide, the triggering event, volume and area data, and impacts (consequences) for each landslide when this information is available. Information from contributing datasets include a variety of sources including aerial photograph interpretation, field reconnaissance and media accounts. There are currently 22,575 landslide records in the database that include point locations, polygons of landslide source and deposit areas, and linear landslide features. Access to all landslide data is provided with a web application accessible via the Internet. This web application has been developed in-house and is based on open-source software such as the underlying relational database (PostGIS) and the map generating Web Map Server (GeoServer). Future work is to develop automated data-upload routines and mobile applications to allow people to report landslides, adopting a consistent framework. 相似文献
3.
基于地震滑坡危险性评估的Newmark累积位移模型,利用震前获取的震区地形数据、区域地质资料,结合地震动近实时获取技术,开展了四川九寨沟M_s7.0级地震诱发滑坡的应急快速评估。地震滑坡位移分析结果表明,同震滑坡活动的中—高强度区分布在断层两侧宽约4 km的带状区域内,整体沿北西方向延伸。其中,极震区的丰雪塘、日则和干海子等城镇驻地及附近道路的滑坡强度相对较高;震前、震后影像对比表明九寨沟地震诱发的滑坡类型以浅表型碎屑流及小规模崩塌为主,且同震碎屑流多是在震前已有碎屑流的基础上进一步活动扩展而来,震后汛期泥石流隐患也不容忽视;通过典型地区滑坡位移分析结果与震前、震后影像对比,表明滑坡位移分析结果能够较好的反映同震滑坡的宏观分布特征,但在场地尺度上吻合程度欠佳,后续将通过提升岩性和地形等数据质量进行改进。研究结果可为灾情研判提供宝贵信息,对提高灾害应急救援效率具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
Abstract: Landslide research at the British Geological Survey (BGS) is carried out through a number of activities, including surveying, database development and real-time monitoring of landslides. Landslide mapping across the UK has been carried out since BGS started geological mapping in 1835. Today, BGS geologists use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based investigations to survey landslides. The development of waterproof tablet computers (BGS·SIGMAmobile), with inbuilt GPS and GIS for field data capture provides an accurate and rapid mapping methodology for field surveys. Regional and national mapping of landslides is carried out in conjunction with site-specific monitoring, using terrestrial LiDAR and differential GPS technologies, which BGS has successfully developed for this application. In addition to surface monitoring, BGS is currently developing geophysical ground-imaging systems for landslide monitoring, which provide real-time information on subsurface changes prior to failure events. BGS’s mapping and monitoring activities directly feed into the BGS National Landslide Database, the most extensive source of information on landslides in Great Britain. It currently holds over 14?000 records of landslide events. By combining BGS’s corporate datasets with expert knowledge, BGS has developed a landslide hazard assessment tool, GeoSure, which provides information on the relative landslide hazard susceptibility at national scale. 相似文献
5.
山岳地区强烈地震诱发的滑坡、崩塌等地震次生灾害在造成严重人员伤亡的同时,对社会经济的发展也构成了严重威胁。而震后滑坡分布的快速评估,尤其是滑坡重灾区的确定,则可为救援工作的科学部署和有效开展提供决策支持并减轻地震灾害的损失。2017年8月8日发生于四川省阿坝州九寨沟风景区的MS 7.0级地震诱发了大量的滑坡、崩塌灾害,造成了一定的人员伤亡和财产损失,凸显出进行震后滑坡快速评估的重要性。本文通过对九寨沟地震灾区震前、震后“北京二号”遥感影像的对比分析,解译此次地震诱发的滑坡分布概况。尽管震后影像在局部区域有云团覆盖,影响了震区滑坡解译的详尽程度,但是对于主要发生的滑坡地震高烈度地区(≥Ⅻ度),本文所用影像基本满足解译要求。本文共解译出194个面积大于700 m2的滑坡,这些滑坡主要沿地震烈度长轴方向分布,灾害体平面面积达5.6 km2,影响范围超过600 km2。通过对九寨沟地震灾区的地形、岩性及地震动加速度进行分析,本文采用Newmark刚体滑块模型对该区震后滑坡危险区域进行了预测。预测结果按照危险程度不同划分为5个级别,即高度危险、较高危险、中度危险、较低危险和低度危险。滑坡分布与评估结果呈现出较好的一致性:解译的滑坡主要分布在评估为滑坡高度危险的区域,表明本文所采用方法的有效性。本文对该方法的局限性也进行了讨论,并提出改进建议。 相似文献
6.
Susceptibility assessments of the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides in Longnan using logistic regression 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study a Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility assessment was carried out in the Longnan area in northwestern China using a GIS-based logistic regression model. This region has frequently been affected by landslides in the past, and was intensively affected by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake which received considerable international attention. The data used for this study consist of the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and a landslide pre-disposing factor database. Information regarding the landslide causative factors came from additional data sources, such as a digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30 × 30 m2 resolution, orthophotos, geological and land-use maps, precipitation records, and information on peak ground acceleration data from the 2008 earthquake. The statistical analysis of the relationship between the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides and pre-disposing factors showed the great influence of lithological and topographical conditions on slope failures. The quality of susceptibility mapping was validated by splitting the study area into training and validation sections. The prediction capability analysis demonstrated that the landslide susceptibility map could be used for land planning as well as emergency planning by local authorities. 相似文献
7.
8.
地震滑坡分为三大类,即高度破裂或严重高度破裂滑坡、存在分离剪切面的滑坡以及以流相为主的滑坡。在中国西
南地区,根据地震滑坡特点,按其运动方式划分为：推移式滑坡、牵引式滑坡、溜滑性滑坡和崩塌性滑坡四大类。在四川
省茂县苦地瓜子滑坡特征的调查中,发现了一些较为特殊的地质现象,主要包括以下几点：（1） 滑坡上游边界冲沟中湖相
沉积和滑坡体上分布的湖积物表明苦地瓜子滑坡曾经发生过堵江事件,部分为堵江后的堰塞湖区域,在此区域发生河湖相
沉积,其结果是滑坡此部分被湖积物所覆盖,呈现出了与其他几个区覆盖物截然不同的现象;（2） 苦地瓜子滑坡中下部发
现砂土液化现象及规律性排列的裂缝;（3） 踏勘时在滑坡中下部发现直立错坎,错坎两侧土性不同,在颜色和物质组成上
都有较明显不同。错坎左侧为粉土状物质,而右侧以碎石土为主;（4） 在滑坡的中部以及中偏下部位都发现有平行于滑动
方向的裂缝;（5） 现场调查时在坡体中上部发现有充填楔,充填物颗粒较大、磨圆度较好,与地面盖层的颜色、岩性条件
相同。综合各种现象进行分析,室内试验和数据统计,认为茂县苦地瓜子滑坡为地震诱发的滑坡,并且可以从此滑坡中发
现地震滑坡与普通滑坡明显不同,往往在现场留下自重引起的滑坡不好解释的现象,主要有砂土液化迹象、充填楔、地震陡
坎、平行于滑动方向的裂隙;此外地震滑坡还具有等时性和群发性的特点。 相似文献
南地区,根据地震滑坡特点,按其运动方式划分为：推移式滑坡、牵引式滑坡、溜滑性滑坡和崩塌性滑坡四大类。在四川
省茂县苦地瓜子滑坡特征的调查中,发现了一些较为特殊的地质现象,主要包括以下几点：（1） 滑坡上游边界冲沟中湖相
沉积和滑坡体上分布的湖积物表明苦地瓜子滑坡曾经发生过堵江事件,部分为堵江后的堰塞湖区域,在此区域发生河湖相
沉积,其结果是滑坡此部分被湖积物所覆盖,呈现出了与其他几个区覆盖物截然不同的现象;（2） 苦地瓜子滑坡中下部发
现砂土液化现象及规律性排列的裂缝;（3） 踏勘时在滑坡中下部发现直立错坎,错坎两侧土性不同,在颜色和物质组成上
都有较明显不同。错坎左侧为粉土状物质,而右侧以碎石土为主;（4） 在滑坡的中部以及中偏下部位都发现有平行于滑动
方向的裂缝;（5） 现场调查时在坡体中上部发现有充填楔,充填物颗粒较大、磨圆度较好,与地面盖层的颜色、岩性条件
相同。综合各种现象进行分析,室内试验和数据统计,认为茂县苦地瓜子滑坡为地震诱发的滑坡,并且可以从此滑坡中发
现地震滑坡与普通滑坡明显不同,往往在现场留下自重引起的滑坡不好解释的现象,主要有砂土液化迹象、充填楔、地震陡
坎、平行于滑动方向的裂隙;此外地震滑坡还具有等时性和群发性的特点。 相似文献
9.
A review of the content, structure, accuracy, and completeness of the Catalogue of Landslide OCcurrences in the Emilia-Romagna Region (CLOCkER) is presented. CLOCkER is a historical database, designed and developed for all types of landslides in the hilly-mountain area of the Emilia-Romagna section of the Northern Italian Apennines. Historical data have been gathered through a collection of numerous sources, including technical reports, historical archives, scientific literature, and newspapers. The information obtained, which has been evaluated to assess its temporal precision and spatial accuracy, has been recorded in a catalogue consisting of a Database Management System (DBMS) linked to a geographical information system (GIS) interface. The catalogue presently includes 14,416 records of documented landslide occurrences, dating from Middle Ages up to the present. The catalogue is associated with a landslide inventory, continuously updated by the Geological Survey of the Emilia-Romagna Region, where information on the shape, typology, and state of activity of more than 80,000 landslides is included. Our assessment of catalogue quality reveals a satisfactory spatial accuracy and a level of completeness comparable with the theoretical target proposed in the literature for complete inventories. Outputs indicate that CLOCkER can be a reference example useful for other regional historical landslide catalogues. Such reference datasets are useful for a wide range of landslide assessment purposes and can provide practical assistance for stakeholders involved in both scientific and technical fields, forming the basis for landslide temporal trend reconstruction that is essential for landslide hazard evaluation at different spatial-temporal scales. CLOCkER is open access, freely available online. 相似文献
10.
基于GIS与确定性系数分析方法的汶川地震滑坡易发性评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
汶川Ms 80级大地震诱发了数以万计的滑坡灾害。在大约48678 km2的滑坡影响区域内,作者采用震后遥感影像解译并结合野外调查的方法,共解译出48007处滑坡。应用GIS技术,建立了汶川地震诱发滑坡灾害及相关地形、地质空间数据库。采用地震滑坡确定性系数分析方法,分析了地震滑坡关于地震烈度、岩性、坡度、断层、高程、坡向、河流与公路等8个因素的易发程度。基于GIS栅格分析方法,分别对16种不同影响因子组合类型进行地震滑坡易发性评价。最后,应用AUC（Area Under Curve,评价曲线下面积）方法得到最佳因子组合及其对应的评价结果,使用自然分类法则方法将研究区按滑坡易发程度分为极高易发区、高易发区、中易发区、低易发区与极低易发区5类,极高易发区与高易发区面积之和约1169046km2,占研究区总面积的2402%,其中发育滑坡面积为52484 km2,占滑坡总面积的7373%。结果表明了极高与高易发区与实际滑坡之间有着良好的一致性,方法的评价结果成功率（AUC值）达到82107%。 相似文献
11.
Pre-conditioning factors and susceptibility assessments of Wenchuan earthquake landslide at the Zhouqu segment of Bailongjiang basin, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shibiao Bai Qiang Xu Jian Wang Pinggen Zhou 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(5):575-582
In this study, we present a landslide susceptibility assessment carried out after the devastating 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. For the Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang basin in north-western China landslide susceptibility was computed by a logistic regression method. This region has been experiencing landslides for a long time, and numerous additional slope failures were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The data used for this study consists of slope failures attributed to the 2008 earthquake, the 878 post Wenchuan earthquake landslides and collapses inventory build up by combination the field investigation, monoscopic manual interpretation, image classification and texture analysis using SPOT 5 and ALOS remote-sensing image data. All data derived from remote sensing images are validated during field investigations. The landslide pre-disposing factor database was constructed. A digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30 × 30 m resolution, orthophotos, geological and land-use maps and information on peak ground acceleration data from the 2008 earthquake is used. The statistical analysis of the relation between Wencuan earthquake-triggered landslides and pre-disposing factors show the great influence of lithological and topographical conditions for earthquake-triggered slope failures. The quality of susceptibility mapping was validated by splitting the study area into a training and validation set. The prediction capability analysis showed that the landslide susceptibility map could be used for land planning as well as emergency planning by local authorities in this region. 相似文献
12.
Landslides constitute one of the most important natural hazards in Italy as they are widespread and result in considerable damage and fatalities every year. The Italian Landslide Inventory (IFFI) Project was launched in 1999 with the aim of identifying and mapping landslides over the entire Italian territory. The inventory currently holds over 480,000 landslides and has been available by means of Web services since 2005. The aim of this study is to define quality indices for evaluation of the homogeneity and completeness of the IFFI database. In order to estimate the completeness of the landslide attribute information, a heuristic approach has been used to assign weighting values to significant parameters selected from the landslide data sheet. The completeness and homogeneity of the landslide mapping has been evaluated by means of three different methods: an area-frequency distribution analysis; the proximity of the landslides surveyed to urban areas; variation of the landslide index within the same lithology. The quality indices have allowed identification of areas with a high level of completeness and critical areas in which the data collected have been underestimated or are not very accurate. The quality assessment of collected and stored data is essential in order to use the IFFI database for definition and implementation of landslide susceptibility models and for land use planning and management. 相似文献
13.
环境地球科学之滑坡地震地质学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文提出滑坡地震地质学学科概念,属于环境地球科学学科范畴。滑坡地震地质学是研究地震荷载下滑坡发生机理、分布与演化规律的学科;也是借助地震滑坡解决地震地质问题的学科。它是地质灾害学、地震地质学、工程地质学之间的一门交叉边缘学科。其也与固体地球物理学、构造地质学、构造地貌学、环境地质学、数值计算、地理信息系统、遥感、统计分析等学科密切相关。文章从科研层面与应用层面的分类大体构建了滑坡地震地质学的研究框架与体系。科研层面的目的是探索地震滑坡规律,应用层面的目的是地震滑坡防灾减灾。根据科研与应用层面的研究目的,将其研究内容大体分为两部分:（1）研究地震滑坡发生机制、分布样式、演化规律等;（2）建立地震滑坡与地震、发震构造、地震破裂过程等的关系式,进而利用地震滑坡解决地震地质问题,如地震问题（地震参数、地震动强度、地震烈度）、发震构造问题（性质、破裂过程）、地质问题（震区地貌演化）等。最后,从地震滑坡数据库,全球范围多震例的地震滑坡分析,地震滑坡与地震地质对象关联的机理研究,地震滑坡演化规律等方面对该学科进行了展望。总之,考虑到随着遥感与GIS等技术的发展成熟、地震滑坡防灾减灾的越来越迫切的需求、多学科的融合交叉的发展趋势等方面,滑坡地震地质学势必会受到越来越广泛的关注。 相似文献
14.
Tanyaş Hakan Görüm Tolga Fadel Islam Yıldırım Cengiz Lombardo Luigi 《Landslides》2022,19(6):1405-1420
On November 14, 2016, the northeastern South Island of New Zealand was hit by the magnitude Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake, which is characterized by the most complex rupturing mechanism ever recorded. The widespread landslides triggered by the earthquake make this event a great case study to revisit our current knowledge of earthquake-triggered landslides in terms of factors controlling the spatial distribution of landslides and the rapid assessment of geographic areas affected by widespread landsliding. Although the spatial and size distributions of landslides have already been investigated in the literature, a polygon-based co-seismic landslide inventory with landslide size information is still not available as of June 2021. To address this issue and leverage this large landslide event, we mapped 14,233 landslides over a total area of approximately 14,000 km2. We also identified 101 landslide dams and shared them all via an open-access repository. We examined the spatial distribution of co-seismic landslides in relation to lithologic units and seismic and morphometric characteristics. We analyzed the size statistics of these landslides in a comparative manner, by using the five largest co-seismic landslide inventories ever mapped (i.e., Chi-Chi, Denali, Wenchuan, Haiti, and Gorkha). We compared our inventory with respect to these five ones to answer the question of whether the landslides triggered by the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake are less numerous and/or share size characteristics similar to those of other strong co-seismic landslide events. Our findings show that the spatial distribution of the Kaikōura landslide event is not significantly different from those belonging to other extreme landslide events, but the average landslide size generated by the Kaikōura earthquake is relatively larger compared to some other large earthquakes (i.e., Wenchuan and Gorkha).
相似文献15.
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2015,6(6)
Post-disaster very high resolution(VHR) satellite data are potential sources to provide detailed information on damage and geological changes for a large area in a short time.In this paper,we studied landslides triggered by the M_w 6.9 earthquake in Sikkim,India which occurred on 18 September 2011 using VHR data from Cartosat-1,GeoEye-1,QuickBird-2 and WorldView-2 satellites.Since the earthquake-affected area is located in mostly inaccessible Himalayan terrain,VHR data from these satellites provided a unique opportunity for quick and synoptic assessment of the damage.Using visual change analysis technique through comparison of pre- and post-earthquake images,we assessed the damage caused by the event.A total of 123 images acquired from eight satellites,covering an area of4105 km2 were analysed and 1196 new landslides triggered by the earthquake were mapped.Road blockages and severely affected villages were also identified.Geological assessment of the terrain highlighted linear disposition of landslides along existing fault scarps,suggesting a reactivation of fault.The landslide inventory map prepared from VHR images also showed a good correlation with the earthquake shake map.Results showed that several parts of north Sikkim,particularly Mangan and Chungthang,which are close to the epicentre,were severely affected by the earthquake,and that the event-based landslide inventory map can be used in future earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility assessment studies. 相似文献
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On May 12, 2008, at 1428 hours (Beijing time), a catastrophic earthquake, with a magnitude of Ms 8.0, struck the Sichuan Province, China. About 200,000 landslides, as a secondary geological hazard associated with the earthquake, were triggered over a broad area. These landslides were of almost all types such as shallow, disrupted landslides, rock falls, deep-seated landslides, and rock avalanches. Some of these landslides damaged and destroyed large part of some towns, blocked roads, dammed rivers, and caused other serious damages. The purpose of this study is to detect correlations between landslide occurrence and the surface rupture plane, ground shaking conditions (measured by peak ground acceleration, PGA), lithology, slope gradient, slope aspect, topographic position, and distance from drainages by using two indices, landslide area percentage (LAP) and the landslide number density (LND), based on geographic information system (GIS) technology and statistical analysis method in a square region (study area) of Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China. There were 5,096 landslides related with the earthquake which were delineated by visual interpretation and selected field checking throughout the study area. The total area (horizontal projection) of the 5,096 landslides is about 41.103 km2. The LAP, which is defined as the percentage of the plane area affected by landslides, was 10.276 %, and the LND, means the number of landslides per square kilometers, was 12.74 landslides/km2. Statistical analysis results show that both LAP and LND have a positive correlation with slope gradient and a negative correlation with distance from the surface rupture. However, the correlation between the occurrence of landslides with PGA, topographic position, and distance from drainages are uncertain, or has just a little positive correlation. The correlation between landslide and slope aspect also shows the effect of the directivity of the seismic wave. The Zbq formation had the most concentrated landslide activity with the LND value of 21.78 landslides/km , 2 and the ∈1 q Gr. geological units had the highest LAP value. Furthermore, weight index (W i) model is performed with a GIS platform to derive landslide hazard index map. The success rate of the model was 71.615 % and, thus, it was valid. In addition, comparison of five landslide controlling parameters’ influence on landslide occurrences was also carried out. 相似文献
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Landslide initiation due to earthquake is one of the most prevalent seismic hazard, which claims hundreds of lives in the Himalayan mountainous terrains of India. Number of landslides, maximum distance from the epicentre and total landslide area/volume are correlatable with earthquake magnitudes. Application of globally accepted earthquake triggered landslide parameter models do not match well with published data for the Himalayan earthquake triggered landslides. Considering the incompleteness of landslide inventories for most of the Himalayan earthquakes, development of regression equations show that in the Himalayan environment, landslide may trigger even with imperciptable earthquakes affecting longer distances having earthquake magnitude of more than 8 M with potential to affect more areas than the global expectations. 相似文献