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1.
Integrated risk zoning of drought and waterlogging disasters based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in Anhui Province,China 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Zhongyi Sun Jiquan Zhang Qi Zhang Yue Hu Denghua Yan Chunyi Wang 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(3):1639-1657
This study presents a methodology for risk analysis, assessment, combination, and regionalization of integrated drought and waterlogging disasters in Anhui Province, which is supported by geographical information systems (GIS) and technique of natural disaster risk assessment from the viewpoints of climatology, geography, disaster science, environmental science, and so on. Along with the global warming, the occurrences of water-related disasters become more frequent and serious. It is necessary to determine the mode of spatial distribution of water-related disaster risk. Based on the principle of natural disaster risk, natural conditions, and socioeconomic situation, drought and waterlogging disaster risk index, which combined hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and restorability, was developed by using combined weights, entropy, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Drought and waterlogging disaster risk zoning map was made out by using GIS spatial analysis technique and gridding GIS technique. It was used for comparing the relative risk of economic and life losses in different grids of Anhui Province. It can also be used to compare the situation of different levels of drought and waterlogging disaster combination risk in a similar place. The result shows that the northwestern and central parts of Anhui Province possess higher risk, while the southwestern and northeastern parts possess lower risk. The information obtained from statistical offices and remote sensing data in relation to results compiled were statistically evaluated. The results obtained from this study are specifically intended to support local and national governmental agencies on water-related disaster management. 相似文献
2.
The assessment of drought relief by typhoon Saomai based on MODIS remote sensing data in Shanghai,China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Typhoons are one of the major natural hazards occurring frequently in Shanghai. The comprehensive assessment of drought relief by typhoon has become a major concern of scientists and government agencies in Shanghai, China. In this article, with the support of remote sensing data and the available data from local meteorological stations, the regional drought relief was investigated and the change of drought intensity was quantified by the typhoon “Saomai” between 5 and 8 August 2005. The precipitation anomaly calculated on the basis of recorded rainfall was adopted to analyze drought condition changes before and after the typhoon. Then, vegetation supply water index (VSWI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were used to monitor the drought relief due to the consecutive shortage of summer rainfall. Impact of typhoon on drought was compared by VSWI before and after typhoon Saomei. The results showed that the typhoon alleviated the drought of the vegetation by more than 70 %, based on the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation, the ground temperature, relative humidity, high temperature, NDVI from Shanghai area. The result shows that MODIS remote sensing data are a useful quantitative monitoring tool in drought relief by local typhoons. More strategies are necessary to be adopted for prevention and mitigation of meteorological disaster in Shanghai in recent years. 相似文献
3.
地质灾害危险性评价是防灾减灾工作的重要依据。本文以汶川县城周边64 km2为例,应用遥感信息提取技术与GIS空间分析方法,根据IKONOS遥感图像和地形图及野外调查资料,提取了崩塌和滑坡易发性评价因子,采用信息量法确定了因子分值,计算了崩塌和滑坡易发性,并分别提出崩塌和滑坡的危险性计算方法,形成了汶川地区崩塌和滑坡危险性分区图。研究结果表明:新的崩塌和滑坡危险性评价方法能够反映区内地质灾害危险程度,该方法可行,结果合理,这为中、大比例尺区域范围内地质灾害危险性研究提供了有益的思路。 相似文献
4.
河川径流遥感监测研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
河川径流参数是用于地表水资源评估、全球变化监测和生态环境保护的基础数据.现有的河川径流监测数据基于水文监测站点获取.近年来,受经济和政治原因的影响,全球水文监测站点在逐渐减少.随着全球变化研究对区域乃至全球水文监测数据需求的增加,监测站点有限及监测数据格式多样等问题逐渐凸显.过去15年,卫星遥感技术在河川径流监测领域的研究和应用实践,使上述问题的解决成为了可能.总结了河川径流遥感监测方法和技术研究进展,包括地基高低频雷达、航空航天雷达和多光谱卫星遥感监测3个方面;介绍了全球大型河川径流与湖泊水体动态监测重大应用成果及未来研究计划.指出在未来具有全天时、全天候,高时空分辨率,以及多水文要素探测能力遥感卫星发射之前,应充分利用遥感野外观测实验,完善河川径流监测技术方法,并综合应用已有高时空分辨率的多光谱和微波遥感数据,开展径流监测应用研究. 相似文献
5.
泥石流调查遥感解译新方法研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
文章在分析总结近年来遥感技术在地质灾害调查评价工作应用的基础上,针对存在的不足,就区域小流域泥石流地质灾害调查评价的遥感解译应用,提出了基于虚拟GIS和水文空间分析的遥感解译方法（RSVH）。该方法综合利用虚拟GIS、遥感图像数字处理技术和空间分析技术,将大尺度区域降级为较小尺度的空间逻辑单元。针对各单元应用遥感影像和高精度DEM数据创建三维虚拟场景。同时叠加地形、地质、岩性、土壤、灾害等具有丰富属性信息的图层,较好地解决了大尺度区域范围内遥感解译工作面临的困难。为小流域地质灾害的调查工作提供了新思路。 相似文献
6.
Risk early warning of maize drought disaster in Northwestern Liaoning Province,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study presents a methodology of risk early warning of maize drought disaster in Northwestern Liaoning Province from the viewpoints of climatology, geography, disaster science, environmental science, and so on. The study area was disaggregated into small grid cells, which has higher resolution than counties. Based on the daily meteorological data and maize yield data from 1997 to 2005, the risk early warning model was built up for drought disaster. The early warning crisis signs were considered from exogenous warning signs and endogenous warning signs. The probability of drought was taken as endogenous warnings sign, which was calculated by logistic regression model. Beside precipitation, wind speed and temperature were taken into consideration when assessing the drought. The optimal partition method was used to define the threshold of each warning grade. Take the year of 2009 as an example, this risk early warning model performed well in warning drought disasters of each maize-growing stage. Results obtained from the early warning model can guide the government to take emergency action to reduce the losses. 相似文献
7.
青藏高原积雪对高亚洲地区水和能量循环起着重要的反馈和调节作用,其变化影响着融雪性河流流量,对下游水资源和经济活动具有重要影响。中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）具有较高的时空分辨率,被广泛应用于积雪遥感动态监测,然而光学遥感积雪受云层影响严重,且青藏高原地区水汽分布不均,局地对流活跃,积雪的赋存时间变化快,这给高原地区逐日积雪监测及其气候学制图带来挑战。在考虑青藏高原地形和积雪分布特征情况下,结合现有的云覆盖下积雪判别算法,采用8个不同方法的组合,逐步实现MODIS逐日无云积雪算法。选取2009年10月1日-2011年4月30日两个积雪季为研究期,并采用145个地面台站观测雪深数据对去云算法各步骤过程开展精度验证,结果表明：当积雪深度>3 cm时,逐日无云积雪产品总分类精度达到96.6%,积雪分类精度达83%,积雪判对概率（召回率）达到89.0%,算法可实现青藏高原地区逐日无云积雪动态监测和积雪覆盖气候学数据重建,对高亚洲地区的水、生态和灾害等全球环境变化影响研究具有重要的意义。 相似文献
8.
定量计算城镇尺度地质灾害不同降雨强度下的危险性是地质灾害风险评价中的难点。以红层地区群发性浅层滑坡链式灾害为研究对象,探索一种新的城镇尺度下的地质灾害危险性量化评价方法,为城镇地质灾害风险评价奠定基础。通过查询喜德县米市河区域不同降雨频率下降雨参数,统计分析国家雨量站数据及近50 a的18场群发性地质灾害降雨历时、雨型分布特征。以土层厚度、植被覆盖度及地形数据处理为基础,基于STEM TRAMM数值计算方法及降雨分布曲线计算城镇地质灾害危险性,绘制研究区地质灾害危险性评价图。通过遥感解译数据、地面调查数据及灾害数据库数据与数值计算结果对比,表明应用降雨特征统计及STEM TRAMM数值计算方法精细化评价红层地区城镇地质灾害危险性具有良好的适应性、便捷性及科学性,可为其他不同孕灾背景下的城镇地质灾害危险性评价提供思路。 相似文献
9.
青藏高原积雪范围和雪深/雪水当量遥感反演研究进展及挑战 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
积雪是地表特征的重要参数,对辐射收支、气候和长期天气变化均有重要影响。雪本身又是一个重要的天气现象和水文气象参数,过量的降雪也会带来严重的雪灾,如牧区雪灾、雪崩和融雪洪水灾害等。因此对积雪的监测,尤其是对山区的积雪监测,具有多方面的意义。利用卫星遥感技术监测积雪已有50余年的历史,并已形成了系列业务产品。青藏高原平均海拔超过4 000 m,该地区的积雪具有重要的水文、气候和生态环境意义。由于地形复杂,人迹罕至,地面观测站点稀少,受较强太阳辐射的影响,积雪消融迅速、区域差异消融以及风吹雪等因素导致积雪分布破碎化严重,对使用遥感资料监测该地区的积雪造成的极大的困难和不确定性。随着国内外传感器技术的不断发展,光学和被动微波遥感数据的同步获取技术已经非常成熟,综合利用光学遥感数据高空间分辨率和被动微波数据不受云干扰的特点,结合机器学习、无人机等技术,将环境参数加入反演模型中,有助于提高青藏高原积雪参数反演精度。 相似文献
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11.
简要叙述航天技术在测缓、遥感和地理信息系统中的应用现状与潜力，包括利用定位卫星的空间大地测量进行各种精度的定位测量，利用各种传感器的航天遥感进行多时相的对地观测和测图。在此基础上构成全球的、区域的和国家级的各种地理信息系统，以满足资源调查、环境保护、灾害防治和全球变化监测的需要。从四化建设和社会持续发展需要出发，对如何发展航天应用技术提出了建设性建议。测绘、遥感和地理信息系统是一个技术十分密集、服 相似文献
12.
This study presents the methodology and procedure for risk assessment of flood disasters in central Liaoning Province, which was supported by geographical information systems (GIS) and technology of natural disaster risk assessment. On the basis of the standard formulation of natural disaster risk and flood disaster risk index, of which weights were developed using combined weights of entropy, the relative membership degree functions of variable fuzzy set (VFS) theory were calculated using improved set pair analysis, while level values were calculated using VFSs, including hazard levels, exposure levels, vulnerability levels and restorability levels, and the flood risk level for each assessment unit was obtained using the natural disaster index method. Consequently, integrated flood risk map was carried out by GIS spatial analysis technique. The results show that the southwestern and central parts of the study area possess higher risk, while the northwestern and southeastern parts possess lower risk. The results got by the assessment model fits the area of historical flood data; this study offer new insights and possibility to carry out an efficient way for flood disaster prevention and mitigation. The study also provides scientific reference in flood risk management for local and national governmental agencies. 相似文献
13.
从下列研究方向探讨了数学地球科学的新进展,即数据分析与数据挖掘（多点地质统计学,数据同化方法,数据挖掘和展示,时间序列分析,基于不规则数据集方法,数值分析方法与新算法）、非线性科学（多重分形模型,自组织临界理论,混沌理论,系统固有的复杂性,非线性随机过程的动态建模）、遥感（差分干涉合成孔径雷达,最先进雷达遥感,新的星载和地基微波技术,与遥感相结合的地理信息系统环境建模）、建模（新的数学变形模型与方法,地下蓄水层的流动与运送的预测模型,新油气发现模型,石油采收数学模型,空间与时间建模）、资源环境定量评价（复杂储存环境的地震特性综合反演,油井与储藏动态数据的实时同化处理,不确定性评估储藏动态新方法,资源评价和风险分析的新模式,环境地球化学,定量环境地质学）等 相似文献
14.
三峡库区作为“全国地质灾害防治十三五规划”重点防治区之一,地质灾害问题突出,其中万州至巫山段更是区内地质灾害集中发育区,地质灾害点数量达5 000余处。以“查背景、识灾害、评风险、研预测”为主线,通过2019年项目工作,在区域地质灾害孕灾背景条件认识和机理研究、城镇地质灾害风险评价等方面取得了新的认识: 一是从地质材料特性、赋存条件及影响因素方面总结了地质灾害的孕灾背景条件; 二是从地质沉积历史、地貌演化及微地貌改造等方面认识了地质灾害的形成与演化机理; 三是通过遥感技术与轻型无人机低空航摄精细化解译相结合的方法,初步实现了承灾体自动化提取; 四是形成了基于斜坡单元地质灾害风险评价方法,完成了三峡库区大周镇地质灾害风险评价。其成果为支撑服务地方地质灾害防治和引领地质灾害风险评价起到了示范作用。 相似文献
15.
The impact of irrigation water supply rate on agricultural drought disaster risk: a case about maize based on EPIC in Baicheng City,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study presents a methodology for risk analysis, assessment, and combination of drought disasters under the different irrigational levels in Baicheng City, which is supported by run theory, copula functions, crop growth model, and technique of natural disaster risk assessment from the viewpoints of climatology, geography, hydrology, agricultural science, disaster science, environmental science, and so on. Along with the global warming, the occurrences of water-related disasters become more frequent and more serious. It is necessary to determine the laws of the relationship between irrigational ability and the loss caused by drought. Drought events were identified by using run theory; the drought frequency was calculated by using copula function; the loss of every drought event was simulated by using EPIC model; and the relationship curves under the different irrigational supply conditions between the drought frequency and the yield reduction rate of the drought event were fitted to assess the impact of irrigational supply rate on the loss caused by drought. The results show that in the range of crop water demand, the loss caused by drought decreases as the result of the increase in irrigational supply rate; however, their variations are not proportional. The loss caused by the certain frequency drought event under the certain irrigational supply condition could be calculated by the curve of drought disaster risk assessment constructed by this study. The results obtained from this study are specifically intended to support local and national governmental agencies on agricultural disaster management. 相似文献
16.
三峡库区作为“全国地质灾害防治十三五规划”重点防治区之一,地质灾害问题突出,其中万州至巫山段更是区内地质灾害集中发育区,地质灾害点数量达5000余处。以“查背景、识灾害、评风险、研预测”为主线,通过2019年项目工作,在区域地质灾害孕灾背景条件认识和机理研究、城镇地质灾害风险评价等方面取得了新的认识一是从地质材料特性、赋存条件及影响因素方面总结了地质灾害的孕灾背景条件;二是从地质沉积历史、地貌演化及微地貌改造等方面认识了地质灾害的形成与演化机理;三是通过遥感技术与轻型无人机低空航摄精细化解译相结合的方法,初步实现了承灾体自动化提取;四是形成了基于斜坡单元地质灾害风险评价方法,完成了三峡库区大周镇地质灾害风险评价。其成果为支撑服务地方地质灾害防治和引领地质灾害风险评价起到了示范作用。 相似文献
17.
空间信息技术即包括地理信息系统GIS、遥感RS、全球导航卫星系统GNSS以及数字地球在内的地球空间信息科学。随着计算机和空间对地观测技术的发展,空间信息技术已逐渐应用于防震减灾领域。本文通过实际震例分别对目前基于GIS、RS技术的地震灾害监测评估方法进行了分析研究,总结了其优越性以及存在的问题,并结合数字地球平台可视化展示了综合多源数据空间信息技术方法进行的震害评估效果。 相似文献
18.
对地观测卫星遥感能够提供广泛可靠的空间信息，是洪水风险识别与动态模拟的重要支撑技术之一。为阐明卫星遥感技术对洪水研究的推动作用，回顾了洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究的发展历程及技术需求，以对地观测卫星遥感三大阶段的发展轨迹为主线，分析了遥感空间信息在洪水研究中的历史性贡献和阶段性效用，讨论总结了危险分区法、水文模型和微波遥感监测等3种洪水研究典型方法的应用进展。提出未来洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究的重点：遥感空间信息与模型算法的深度结合，遥感反演算法与系统的开发及应用，典型洪水研究方法集成系统的开发与应用，大数据方法与手段的应用。以期为提升洪水应急响应能力与灾害风险管理水平提供有效参考。 相似文献
19.
对地观测卫星遥感能够提供广泛可靠的空间信息,是洪水风险识别与动态模拟的重要支撑技术之一。为阐明卫星遥感技术对洪水研究的推动作用,回顾了洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究的发展历程及技术需求,以对地观测卫星遥感三大阶段的发展轨迹为主线,分析了遥感空间信息在洪水研究中的历史性贡献和阶段性效用,讨论总结了危险分区法、水文模型和微波遥感监测等3种洪水研究典型方法的应用进展。提出未来洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究的重点:遥感空间信息与模型算法的深度结合,遥感反演算法与系统的开发及应用,典型洪水研究方法集成系统的开发与应用,大数据方法与手段的应用。以期为提升洪水应急响应能力与灾害风险管理水平提供有效参考。 相似文献
20.
震害遥感快速提取研究——以2003年2月24日巴楚—伽师6.8级地震为例 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
论述了遥感影像提取震害的研究进展 ,提出了基于GIS和数字图像处理技术的震害遥感快速提取与损失评估的技术途径。在此基础上 ,介绍了巴楚—伽师地震的航空与卫星遥感资料的获取、图像数字处理与震害提取过程 ;描述了地震造成的建筑物震害与地质灾害的遥感图像特征 ;根据以往震害遥感影像统计经验与本次地震震害遥感特征 ,提出了遥感震害分级分类标准和地震烈度划分标准 ,进而得到基于震害遥感影像的伽师地震等震线图。文中对所得到的地震烈度与地面实际调查结果进行了比较。通过遥感信息源空间分辨率要求与信息获取与处理的时效性分析 ,认为我国利用航空遥感与卫星遥感资料获取地震灾情信息已进入实用阶段 相似文献