共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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冻融循环作用下土工袋冻胀量和融沉量试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究季节性冻土地区冻融循环作用下土工袋防冻融、冻胀效果,对不同冻融循环作用下土工袋和土进行了室内模型试验,在开放系统和封闭系统中分别研究了土工袋和土冻胀量、融沉量之间关系,试验结果表明,经历4次冻融循环作用后,封闭系统中土工袋冻胀量、融沉量分别小于土的冻胀量、融沉量;开放系统中土的冻胀量为土工袋冻胀量的1.9倍,土的融沉量为土工袋融沉量的2.2倍,开放系统中地下水对土工袋的补给量远小于土的补给量,试验验证了土工袋可以有效防止渠道及建筑物基础冻融、冻胀破坏,可为渠道防冻胀提供理论基础。 相似文献
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加筋土堤表层壁体效果的评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
用水平加筋材料加固土堤时，常常在表层设置一列土袋用于施工中临时挡土及固定水平加筋材料，该到土袋形成一表层壁体，对土堤整体稳定有着很大作用，介绍了考虑表层壁体对加筋土堤的整体稳定作用的方法。该方法分为两个步骤来验算土堤的最小安全系数；其一是将表层一列土袋假想成一刚性壁体，该假想刚性壁体作为一薄壁挡墙作用于后面的补强土堤上；其二是对设有土袋的区域，稳定计算中考虑由于土袋张力引起的附加粘聚力c。并重点说明了该附加粘聚力c的产生机理并给出试验验证结果。 相似文献
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为了解复杂气候条件下土工袋加固膨胀土边坡的效果与机制,开展袋装膨胀土边坡降雨−日晒循环试验,观察并分析边坡位移变形、坡面冲刷、降雨入渗等情况,并与素膨胀土边坡进行对比。试验结果表明：素膨胀土边坡在降雨−日晒循环作用下,边坡表面产生的裂隙较多,容易出现土体流失,土工袋则具有良好的反滤和抗冲刷作用,可以减少袋内和下卧层土体的流失,保持边坡的稳定性;土工袋对膨胀土有较好的约束作用,可以有效地抑制其膨胀变形,减小因变形引发边坡失稳的可能性;土工袋有良好的排水效果,雨水能通过土工袋袋间间隙快速地排出,边坡内含水率的增加幅度较小。 相似文献
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土工袋加固地基新技术 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
介绍了研究开发的土工袋加固地基新技术,内容包括土工袋加固地基的基本原理、基本特性及在日本应用于房屋地基加固、公路路基加固、堤防加固及构筑挡墙等的工程实例。土工袋加固地基的原理在于利用了由于在外荷载作用下袋子周长的伸长而产生的袋子张力, 袋子张力引起了一个附加凝聚力。 相似文献
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袋装石土工袋堆叠过程中在土工袋接触面形成的咬合和嵌固作用,对土工袋剪切力学强度和破坏形式有较大的影响。通过一系列直剪试验研究了咬合和嵌固作用的影响,试验结果表明：袋装石土工袋层间咬合和嵌固作用能够增大土工袋抗剪强度;咬合作用随着土工袋上部竖向应力的增大有所减小,而嵌固作用则有所增大;袋装石土工袋在剪切过程中会产生两种破坏形式,分别为土工袋袋体自身变形和层间滑动破坏;土工袋组合体在受到水平剪切力时会发生整体变形,随后在组合体内部产生阶梯型滑动面,滑裂面的形状随着竖向荷载的增大而有所不同,相应的抗剪强度也会随着滑动面的改变而变化。 相似文献
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土工袋能够有效地约束袋内土体,具有良好的滤水保土作用,可以用于地基抗液化,但土工袋抗液化性能尚未有系统及深入的研究。开展了一系列小振动台试验,验证土工袋垫层的抗液化效果,研究了振动加速度、土工袋层数和排列方式对抗液化性能的影响。结果表明：土工袋具有良好的抗液化效果,袋内土体的超静孔压比小于同深度处周围的土体;土工袋垫层的排水性能是在土工袋本身具有良好透水性的基础上,孔隙水会沿着土工袋与土体的界面以及袋间的空隙排出;相较于不透水刚性垫层,振动过程中土工袋垫层表面基本保持水平,发挥出较好的变形协调性;土工袋层数增加及交错式排列对抗液化效果有利。 相似文献
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A plane–strain numerical model has been developed to mimic a nailed loose fill slope under surcharge loading. The model has been used to back-analyse a field test that was conducted to examine the behaviour of soil nails in loose fill slopes under surcharge loading. Incremental elasto-plastic analyses coupled with pore water diffusion have been performed to study the internal deformation, water content redistribution in the soil, and the performance of the soil nails during and after the application of surcharge loading. The model parameters describing the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the nailed slope were obtained from field or laboratory tests. Different modelling techniques and boundary conditions for mimicking soil–nail interaction in loose fill material have been examined. Comparisons between numerical predictions and field measurements demonstrate that a new interfacial model, denoted as the embedded bond–slip interface model, is more suitable for mimicking the interfacial behaviour. Despite the simplicity of the numerical model, the predicted responses are in close agreement with the field test results, in particular the mobilisation and distribution of nail forces in response to surcharge loading. Both the numerical and the field test results suggest that soil nails are capable of increasing the overall stability of a loose fill slope for the loading conditions considered in this study. The increase in confining stress along the soil nails near the surcharge area is central to the overall stabilising mechanism. On the contrary, the nail forces mobilised near the nail heads are much smaller, indicating that the beneficial effect of having a structural grillage system at the slope face is limited for the range of surcharge pressures considered in this study. 相似文献
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土工袋加固地基原理及其工程应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
介绍土工袋加固地基的原理、基本特性,及其在房屋地基加固、路基加固、堤防加固及构筑挡墙等非膨胀土地基中的工程应用实例与处理膨胀土地基的应用可能性。 相似文献
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Effect of degree of saturation on mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils and its elastoplastic simulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The two stress-state variable approach has been widely used in interpreting unsaturated soil behaviour. However this approach cannot take into account the effect of degree of saturation or water contents on the stress–strain behaviour and strength of unsaturated soils. The triaxial test results presented in this paper show that even if the same path of net stress and suction is followed, the stress–strain relation and strength are different due to different degrees of saturation. When other conditions are the same, the higher the degree of saturation for the soil sample is, the higher the stress ratio corresponding to a given axial strain will be. This effect can be modeled by using an elasto-plastic constitutive model coupling hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils. Comparisons between the predicted and measured results are presented, which demonstrate that the model can quantitatively simulate the influence of the degree of saturation on stress–strain behaviour and strength of unsaturated soils. 相似文献
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Wrapping granular soils in geosynthetic containers, such as soilbags, results in a considerable increase in the bearing capacity due to the effective restraint on the dilatancy of the soil. This paper numerically investigates the stress states and fabric anisotropies in the wrapped soil using the discrete element method, providing a novel perspective for new insights into the reinforcement mechanisms and the development of constitutive relations for soilbags. The two most anticipated loading conditions, namely, unconfined compression and simple shear, are considered, and numerical predictions are compared to experimental results. During unconfined compression, both global and local p–q stress paths evolve linearly, having the same slope until the global failure of the wrapping geosynthetic. Under simple shear, the global stress path approaches the critical state line first and then turns to the compression line of the wrapped soil. Some local loading–unloading stress paths are observed, which may account for the high damping of soilbags during cyclic shear. The reduced fabric anisotropies of the normal and tangential force chains suggest greater confinement from the lateral sides of the geosynthetic container in either loading course. The performance and mechanisms of the soilbag earth reinforcement method, i.e., confinement and interlocking, can be better understood based on these new findings on the stress states and fabric anisotropies. 相似文献
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A critical state model for overconsolidated structured clays 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents a generalised critical state model with the bounding surface theory for simulating the stress–strain behaviour of overconsolidated structured clays. The model is formulated based on the framework of the Structured Cam Clay (SCC) model and is designated as the Modified Structured Cam Clay with Bounding Surface Theory (MSCC-B) model. The hardening and destructuring processes for structured clays in the overconsolidated state can be described by the proposed model. The image stress point defined by the radial mapping rule is used to determine the plastic hardening modulus, which varies along loading paths. A new proposed parameter h, which depends on the material characteristics, is introduced into the plastic hardening modulus equation to take the soil behaviour into account in the overconsolidated state. The MSCC-B model is finally evaluated in light of the model performance by comparisons with the measured data of both naturally and artificially structured clays under compression and shearing tests. From the comparisons, it is found that the MSCC-B model gives reasonable good simulations of mechanical response of structured clays in both drained and undrained conditions. With its simplicity and performance, the MSCC-B model is regarded as a practical geotechnical model for implementation in numerical analysis. 相似文献
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An application of Artificial Neural Networks for predicting the stress–strain response of jointed rocks under different confining pressures is presented in this paper. Rocks of different compressive strength with different joint properties (frequency, orientation and strength of joints) are considered in this study. The database for training the neural network is formed from the results of triaxial compression tests on different intact and jointed rocks with different joint properties tested at different confining pressures reported by various researchers in the literature. The network was trained using a three-layered network with the feed-forward back propagation algorithm. About 85% of the data was used for training and the remaining 15% was used for testing the network. Results from the analyses demonstrated that the neural network approach is effective in capturing the stress–strain behaviour of intact rocks and the complex stress–strain behaviour of jointed rocks. A single neural network is demonstrated to be capable of predicting the stress–strain response of different jointed rocks, whose intact strength varies from 11.32 MPa to 123 MPa, spacing of joints varies from 10 cm to 100 cm, and confining pressures range from 0 to 13.8 MPa. 相似文献
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In environmental studies, it is necessary to be able to predict the behaviour of contaminants in more or less complex physico-chemical contexts. The improvement of this prediction partly depends on establishing thermodynamic models that can describe the behaviour of these contaminants and, in particular, the sorption reactions on mineral surfaces. In this way, based on the mass action law, it is possible to use surface complexation models and ion exchange models. Therefore, the aim of this study is (i) to develop an ion-exchange model able to describe the sorption of transition metal onto pure clay minerals and (ii) to test the ability of this approach to predict the sorption of these elements onto natural materials containing clay minerals (i.e. soils/sediments) under various chemical conditions. This study is focused on the behaviour of Zn(II) in the presence of clayey sediments. Considering that clay minerals are cation exchangers containing multiple sorption sites, it is possible to interpret the sorption of Zn(II), as well as competitor cations, by ion-exchange equilibria with the clay minerals. This approach is applied with success to interpret the experimental data obtained previously in the Zn(II)–H+–Na+–montmorillonite system. The authors’ research team has already studied the behaviour of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ versus pH in terms of ion exchange onto pure montmorillonite, leading to the development of a thermodynamic database including the exchange site concentrations associated with montmorillonite and the selectivity coefficients of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ versus H+. 相似文献
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Geosynthetic-reinforced and jet grout column-supported embankments on soft soils: Numerical analysis and parametric study 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Using a computer code based on the finite element method, a study is conducted to analyse the time-dependent behaviour of a geosynthetic-reinforced and jet grout column-supported embankment on soft soils, as well as the influence of three factors: the embankment height, the elastic modulus of column and the column spacing. The cylindrical unit cell formulation is used. The numerical model incorporates the Biot consolidation theory with soil constitutive relations simulated by the p–q–θ critical state model. Special emphasis is given to the analysis of several parameters: settlement, excess pore pressure, effective stress, stress level, tension in the geosynthetic, soil arching effect and overall efficiency coefficient. 相似文献
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Shotcrete is one of the main support elements for tunnels constructed according to the principles of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM). In this paper, a sophisticated constitutive model for the complex mechanical and time-dependent behaviour of shotcrete is presented, which is formulated within the framework of elasto-plasticity. Two independent yield surfaces govern the material behaviour in compression and tension under multi-axial loading conditions, which is further controlled by non-linear plastic strain hardening and softening rules following uniaxial stress–strain curves. The main novelty of the model is the introduction of normalised hardening and softening parameters which enable a more realistic simulation of the shotcrete loading history. In addition, cracking of the shotcrete is treated within the smeared crack concept by applying a fracture energy approach as a regularisation technique, which eliminates the dependency of the results on the size of the elements in a finite element mesh. Furthermore, the model takes into account the gradual change of the main material properties of the shotcrete due to cement hydration during the first 28 days after spraying. Other important time effects such as creep, shrinkage and hydration temperature induced deformations at early ages are considered in the current model formulation. This paper aims to describe in detail the developed structure of the constitutive model and model calibration. 相似文献
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Modelling of rutting of two flexible pavements with the shakedown theory and the finite element method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cyrille Chazallon Georg Koval Pierre Hornych Fatima Allou Saida Mouhoubi 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009
This paper presents a finite element program, for the modelling of rutting of flexible pavements. In its present version, the program incorporates a permanent deformation model for unbound granular materials based on the concept of the shakedown theory developed by Zarka for metallic structures under cyclic loadings and has been used to estimate the permanent deformations of unbound granular materials (UGM) subjected to traffic loading. The calculation is performed in two steps: the first step consists in modelling the resilient behaviour of the pavement in 3D, using non-linear elastic models, to determine the stress field in the pavement. Then stress paths are derived and used to calculate the permanent deformations and the displacements, using a Drucker–Prager yield surface. An application to the prediction of the permanent deformations of experimental pavements with an unbound granular base, tested on the LCPC pavement testing facility is presented. 相似文献
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透明型膜覆盖后,土-气界面热平衡状况发生变化,使得覆盖后产生增温效应.通过边界层热平衡分析,建立了一维热传导数学模型,模型中考虑覆盖层的光学特性,忽略土壤水分运动对土壤温度分布的影响,经与土柱实验数据检验,表明模型具有良好的精度且塑膜覆盖对土壤热状况有强烈的影响.着重探讨了表土含水率不同所产生的热效应的差异. 相似文献