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1.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):332-342
The organizational separation of management and other quaternary activities from production operations in American manufacturing has resulted in a divergent pattern of production and headquarter locations. We examine the external control relationships that arise from this separation between headquarter location and branch plant operations in nonmetropolitan Kentucky. Although corporate headquarters have diffused to the Sunbelt, no shift was found in the corporate control of branch plants in Kentucky. Nonmetropolitan manufacturing in Kentucky was oriented toward the metropolitan centers of the traditional manufacturing belt rather than the newer corporate centers of the South. Also control relationships are more likely to be local among smaller factories. Large plants having more autonomy in production or producing finished goods were more likely to be owned by a distant firm located in a large SMSA. 相似文献
2.
价值链的空间重组正在深刻的改变着城市体系的经济景观,建立在价值链分工基础上的城市功能结构的研究已经成为经济地理学的重要课题。将中国上市公司500强企业网络划分为公司总部、商务服务、研究开发、传统制造、现代制造、物流仓储和批发零售七种类型功能区块,研究了中国城市价值链功能分工及其影响因素。结果发现：沿着价值链的功能分工已经成为中国城市体系经济景观的显著特征,功能多样化城市和功能专业化城市并存于中国城市体系,东部地区和城市密集地区的城市在价值链分工中占据了更好的地位;中国城市按照价值链中的优势功能可以划分为九种类型,少数城市转变为承载公司总部、研究开发、商务服务等多样化功能的高等级中心城市,而大量中小城市则转变为传统制造专业化基地;市场潜力、关键资源、区位条件、营商环境等城市属性特征是城市功能分工的重要影响因素,城市资源、区位可达性等属性特征的增强将提高城市成为总部基地、商务中心和研究基地的概率,而降低城市成为传统制造基地的概率。 相似文献
3.
中国制造业企业500强总部区位特征分析 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
通过对2008中国制造业企业500强相关数据分析,揭示出中国大中型企业总部的区位特征,并解释了企业总部区位特征的影响因素。研究发现,500强总部主要集中于沿海三大经济区,以及长江、黄河沿线区域,并以京津冀、长三角、珠三角和山东地区占主导地位;中国特大城市是企业总部的重要集聚地,北京、上海、天津和深圳具有较强的总部控制能力。影响企业总部区位的因素包括城市规模、市场容量、国内外投资、金融能力、科技水平、基础设施和城市区位等,其中,城市经济实力具有较强解释性,以北京、上海、深圳为核心的中国沿海发达地区,凭借此方面区位优势吸引着企业总部进一步集聚。 相似文献
4.
中国城市群多中心网络的拓扑结构 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
在既有理论基础上扩展了城市群多中心网络的度量工具,考察中国12个城市群总部—分支机构的企业关联网络,比较梳理了地级城市空间联系的拓扑结构。实证研究发现：①包括长三角、珠三角和京津冀三大典型城市群在内,中国城市群内部网络系统的拓扑结构依然发育不完善,在联系数据方面均呈现出一定的稀疏矩阵特征,空间组合关系均为树状结构。②总部区位(出度)的层级性差异均高于分支机构区位(入度)的层级性差异,显示出城市群内部空间“流”的不对称性。③针对12个城市群内部网络的拓扑结构聚类分析表明：长三角、珠三角、京津冀、山东半岛、海峡西岸地区的城市群内部网络联系较为紧密,呈现出一定程度的一体化网络特征;其中三大典型城市群存在明显的企业总部集聚核心,其余城市群内部的网络联系松散,跨城企业联系比重较低,在拓扑结构上大多呈现出以省会或副省级城市为指向的向心式联系。 相似文献
5.
James O. Wheeler 《The Professional geographer》1990,42(4):433-444
Analysis of the location of the fastest growing private companies in the United States suggests that a new corporate landscape is emerging. During the 1980s this corporate landscape has increasingly been dominated by companies in the service sector rather than in manufacturing. Sunbelt metropolises, especially in California, are more favored locations for the fast-growth firms than for the traditional Fortune 500 industrial and 500 service corporations. The fast-growth firms are also more likely to locate in suburban areas than the traditional corporations. These service, Sunbelt, and suburban characteristics of the new corporate landscape are interpreted as a consequence of the restructuring of the US economy. 相似文献
6.
James C. Hower 《Natural Resources Research》1995,4(4):310-324
The mining of cannel coal was a small, but prestigious, component of the coal production of Kentucky in the 1800's and early 1900's. Cannel coal was retorted into liquid fuel, gasified as an enricher of municipal gas supplies, and distilled as a feedstock for the production of chemicals. Each peak in usage was subsequently tempered by a discovery of cheaper sources of liquid hydrocarbons.Four mining areas in Kentucky, three in eastern Kentucky and one in western Kentucky, will be discussed. The Breckenridge deposit in western Kentucky was developed as early as 1837 and came to prominence in the 1850's and, to a lesser extent, in the 1880's. The Johnson County deposits were developed in the 1880's and continued in production through the 1920's. The Bell County cannels were developed in the 1890's. Although highly praised for their quality, they had a brief mining history because of the limited extent of the reserves. The most prolific cannel field, Morgan County, was opened in 1901 and continued to be a large producer, albeit with some low-production years, through the 1950's, with minor production as late as 1987.The production of cannel, as with any mineral commodity, was at the mercy of market demands and available transportation. Cannel coal, more than banded bituminous coal, occurs in relatively limited areas, leading to the rapid exhaustion of commercial deposits as well as failed attempts to develop deposits that did not attain commercial size. 相似文献
7.
中国物流企业的空间组织网络 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
物流企业是承担物流活动的专业化组织, 是具有空间网络的企业形式。基于相关研究 的评述, 分析了物流企业网络的基础理论, 重点解析其空间体系、职能联系与运营机制。通 过研究, 认为物流企业由企业属性要素和物流属性要素组成, 其共同作用形成企业部门的职 能分化和区位分离, 由此形成物流企业网络, 包括企业组分网络和物流运营网络。物流企业 在城市和区域尺度构筑企业组分网络, 城市网络包括总公司、配送中心和营业点, 总公司布 局于市中心区, 配送中心倾向于近郊区, 营业点集中在物流密集区; 区域网络包括总部、区 域分公司、地方分公司、办事处和受理点, 总部布局于国内大城市, 区域分公司倾向于各区 政治经济中心, 地方分公司集中在省会、经济中心和交通枢纽, 办事处与受理点在企业网络 外部或内部空白处布局。物流运营网络由运输专线、配送体系和物流网络组成, 运输专线形 成支线和干线两类, 是物流运营的基本途径; 配送体系形成区域、城市区域和城市三层, 是 物流企业提升竞争力的保障; 运输专线和配送体系的交错、融合和优化, 最终形成轴辐物流 网络。 相似文献
8.
基于成都、西安高新区企业调研数据,在构建企业投资决策驱动指标体系的基础上,采用因子分析法考察企业投资决策的驱动因素,并运用单因素方差分析和相关性检验进一步探究企业异质性与投资决策驱动因素的关系。结果表明:(1)信息通信水平、获取高素质人才、人际关系网络等构成企业投资决策的关键驱动指标,而跨国公司集聚、获取自然资源、决策者偏好等指标的解释力度最小。(2)企业投资决策由6个维度因子构成,其重要程度由高至低依次为政策、产业集群与人力资源、城市环境、城市区位、企业集聚以及关系因子。(3)入园越早、规模越大、总部型及出口型企业均更加依赖政策驱动;私企与外企、一般服务业企业与高级服务业企业、部分迁移企业与非迁移企业、办公区企业与科技园企业、办公区企业与厂区企业分别形成了基本对立的投资驱动偏好。 相似文献
9.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality in the US. Rates of mortality vary spatially and demographically, influenced not only by individual patient characteristics but also by levels of accessibility to hospital services and facilities. In 2000, Kentucky ranked third in the nation for heart-related deaths. The purpose of this paper is to assess geographical accessibility and service utilization related to ambulatory care sensitive CVDs in Kentucky. This study utilizes the Kentucky Hospital Discharge Database to evaluate service utilization and the Compressed Mortality File to examine mortality related to CVDs. A spatial statistical comparison of the geographical distribution of service usage and travel time to hospitals assists in assessing the relationship between accessibility and health. Our findings suggest that the distribution of utilization and mortality is geographically variable. People living in rural areas travel further to services; populations residing more than 45 min from health facilities are more likely to be socially and economically marginalized. Spatial clustering of high rates of hospital utilization occurs in areas with lower accessibility. 相似文献
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11.
Neil M. Coe 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1999,20(1):36-55
This article explores parallels between the economic development strategies of Ireland and Singapore through a study of the software sector. My central argument is that Singapore's embryonic software industry can learn important lessons from Ireland, which now exports over US$6 billion worth of products annually. Ireland's success has been achieved by attracting two forms of export-oriented foreign direct investment that are increasingly important due to globalisation trends in the software industry: software development centres, and software product manufacturing and localisation (translation and local adaptation) plants. Ireland has benefited from its position on the periphery of Western Europe, one of the largest software markets in the world, to emerge as a key production location for US transnational corporations. Singapore is perhaps now poised, with a similar range of financial, labour market and infrastructural attributes as Ireland, to benefit from rapid growth in the Asia-Pacific software market. Three corporate case studies from Singapore are used to illustrate this argument. 相似文献
12.
《Urban geography》2013,34(3):258-278
An information theoretic model is used to compare the evolution of the spatial distribution of corporate headquarters in the United States during the period 1957- 1979 with an ideal time-space model. Dispersion of headquarters across the regions of the U.S. has been the dominant trend for most subsectors of the economy since the mid-1960s. Corporate concentration has been a compensatory trend that has left the overall system dispersion of headquarter location at a stable and unchanging level for the country as a whole. 相似文献
13.
The scope of manufacturing research and development (R&D) in the intermetropolitan region of Limburg, Belgium, is analyzed within the context of the spatial, organizational, and size-theoretical attributes of R&D and of the core-periphery model. In spite of its peripheral location, Limburg exhibits vivid R&D activity associated with the trickled-down manufacturing from neighboring West European industrial cores. R&D in Limburg is mostly centered in multinational/locational branch plants, but also in a few modernizing, old sector establishments engaged in high and medium-level “off the shelf” technology processes. R&D was significant in terms of spending, number of newly developed prototypes, and number of patents registered. It revealed strong sector concentration with relatively dispersed spatial patterns. R&D departments and spending disclosed a positive correlation with plant size, but showed particularly high concentration coefficients when medium-size high- and medium-level technology plants were considered. 相似文献
14.
上海上市公司对外投资网络演变及其影响因素研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
全球城市是世界投资网络的管理和控制中心。加强对外投资网络建设有助于上海落实2035年建成“卓越的全球城市”的发展战略目标。论文挖掘A股上市公司年报合并财务报表等信息,基于城市尺度建立上海上市公司对外投资数据库(2005、2010、2017年),利用位序-规模分析、社会网络分析、负二项回归分析等方法,研究上海上市公司对外投资网络演变及其影响因素。研究发现：① 上海上市公司对外投资网络集中于西欧、北美、东南亚、东亚等地,2005—2017年,“一带一路”沿线区域吸引的上海上市公司子公司增加了155家。② 上海上市公司对外投资网络呈现出先向国外中心城市等级扩散,再向其周边城市邻近扩散的态势。③ 上海对外投资的上市公司主要来自制造业、金融业、交通运输仓储和邮政业等,其中制造业投资网络覆盖的国外城市最多。2005—2017年,上海制造业领域的上市公司对外投资网络涉及的国外城市数量增长了102个。④ 社会邻近性、城市在世界城市网络中的等级、离岸金融中心以及方便旗国、海港对上海上市公司对外投资网络的演变具有正向的影响。 相似文献
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2015年国家提出京津冀协同发展战略,产业协同是推进这一战略的先行领域,因此产业在该地区的集聚与分散受到学界的广泛关注。论文利用全国3次经济普查数据,基于企业的空间位置信息,运用DO指数方法研究了京津冀地区制造业集聚的时空演化特征并对比分析了集聚特征在区域、行业、企业间的差异性。研究表明： ① 2004—2013年京津冀地区制造业集聚的比例从69.0%提高到82.8%,集聚多发生在0~50 km的范围。随着集聚范围逐渐扩大,集聚强度逐渐减弱,下降幅度达到25.9%。② 在区域层面,集聚更容易发生在北京、天津2个直辖市;在行业层面,集聚更容易发生在技术密集型和劳动密集型的制造业且集聚范围更短;在企业层面,集聚更容易发生在小企业。③ 2004—2013年京津冀地区已经出现了制造业从北京、天津向河北扩散的趋势,特别是一些技术水平较低、劳动力需求较大的制造业,表明在2015年提出京津冀协同发展战略是适宜的。 相似文献
16.
《Urban geography》2013,34(2):121-137
Ordinary least-squares multiple regression is used to construct a path diagram showing the direct and indirect effects of corporate location factors on the share of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the 44 largest metropolitan areas in the United States during the period 1979-1983. The results show that the metropolitan areas with the most rapid population growth over the period 1970-1980 correspond to the centers with greater shares of FDI. The growth in Fortune measure, an indicator of the market dynamics of the metropolitan areas, has a direct effect on the level of investment. The growth of employment in manufacturing and in finance, insurance, and real estate, used as indexes of labor supply and of producer services, have indirect effects on FDI. The results show that foreign direct investors tend to concentrate in centers offering strong markets and strong bases of producer services, regardless of their regional locations. 相似文献
17.
Abstract Industrial land development has become a key feature of urbanization in Greater Jakarta, one of the largest metropolitan areas in Southeast Asia. Following Suharto's market-oriented policy measures in the late 1980s, private developers have dominated the land development projects in Greater Jakarta. The article investigates the extent to which these private industrial centers have effectively reduced the domination of Jakarta in shaping the entire metropolitan structure. The analysis indicates that major suburban industrial centers have captured most of the manufacturing employment that has dispersed from Jakarta. The industrial centers have now increasingly specialized and diversified. It is likely that a polycentric metropolitan structure will emerge in the future. 相似文献
18.
《Urban geography》2013,34(4):375-396
This research investigates the evolution of the system of Canadian decision-making centers using the location of corporate board members as a surrogate for the location of economic control. The major premise examined by this study states that, through much of the study period, board linkages should tend to concentrate on Toronto, Canada's dominant corporate administration center. While Toronto gains importance, Montreal loses connections, devolving from close competition with Toronto for national influence to become a major regional center for Quebec. At the same time, cities in other parts of the country gain importance as they evolve into major centers for their region. The result of these changes is the emergence of a dominant national center, along with a second tier of cities of regional importance. The results of the board member analysis reveal that the economy as a whole increasingly concentrates control in Toronto through the 1970s and 1980s. Montreal loses director connections with the rest of the country through the same period. While the economy as a whole centralizes in Toronto, certain sectors of the economy decentralize their directors to regional centers. Calgary, in particular, emerges as a major regional center for western Canada. The paper relates these observations to the dual conceptual frameworks of quaternary location theory and the resource dependence perspective. 相似文献
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20.
分析知识经济对现代企业组织结构的影响。作者认为,在知识经济社会,随着企业生产方式的信息化和生产组织形式的小型化,企业的组织结构正在发生下列变革：一是中层管理机构大规模削减,二是公司总部规模不断缩减,三是企业规模正在向适度或精干方向调整。这些变革正在孕育着一种新的适应知识经济时代的“网络型”企业组织。 相似文献