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1.
随着芯片技术的发展,智能手机已成为使用最普遍的一类全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)设备,其提供位置服务的能力逐步彰显.为探究将手机作为专业GNSS设备的可行性,利用谷歌开放Android智能终端GNSS原始观测数据这一契机,设计并实现一款手机实时动态(RTK)定位手机应用程序(APP),并基于该APP开展高精度定位应用试验.结果表明：在静态条件下,手机RTK定位精度约达1 dm;在行人和车载动态条件下,可达平面亚米级、高程1～2 m的精度水平,RTK定位精度远高于内置芯片解,但稳定性略差于芯片解.使用手机模拟RTK点测量,其平面精度约达1 m,基本满足地理信息采集和调查等亚米级到米级低精度专业应用的需求. 相似文献
2.
手机GNSS芯片可支持多模GNSS观测信号,其提供的原始观测量为高精度导航定位提供了可能,智能手机高精度导航定位成为研究热点之一。本文首先基于自研的反向RTK算法,设计并开发了一套基于智能手机的实时高精度定位系统,降低手机的计算压力;然后基于智能手机小米8,进行了大范围(覆盖深圳、武汉、北京)、多场景(城市开阔/遮挡,高速开阔/遮挡)的动态车载应用测试,用于验证系统的可靠性和可用性。测试结果表明:系统在各场景下均能稳定有效运行,在开阔环境下,小米8可实现亚米级的实时动态定位精度,精度最优可达0.21 m。 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACT Geospatial information acquired with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) provides valuable decision-making support in many different domains, and technological advances coincide with a demand for ever more sophisticated data products. One consequence is a research and development focus on more accurately referenced images and derivatives, which has long been a weakness especially of low to medium cost UAV systems equipped with relatively inexpensive inertial measurement unit (IMU) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. This research evaluates the positional accuracy of the real-time kinematics (RTK) GNSS on the DJI Matrice 600 Pro, one of the first available and widely used UAVs with potentially surveying-grade performance. Although a very high positional accuracy of the drone itself of 2 to 3 cm is claimed by DJI, the actual accuracy of the drone RTK for positioning the images and for using it for mapping purposes without additional ground control is not known. To begin with, the actual GNSS RTK position of reference center (the physical point on the antenna) on the drone is not indicated, and uncertainty regarding this also exists among the professional user community. In this study the reference center was determined through a set of experiments using the dual frequency static Leica GNSS with RTK capability. The RTK positioning data from the drone were then used for direct georeferencing, and its results were evaluated. Test flights were carried out over a 70 x 70 m area with an altitude of 40 m above the ground, with a ground sampling distance of 1.3 cm. Evaluated against ground control points, the planimetric accuracy of direct georeferencing for the photogrammetric product ranged between 30 and 60 cm. Analysis of direct georeferencing results showed a time delay of up to 0.28 seconds between the drone GNSS RTK and camera image acquisition affecting direct georeferencing results. 相似文献
4.
随着位置服务的发展,人们对定位精度的需求不断提升. 目前智能手机定位主要依赖于全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)芯片所提供的芯片解,其精度仅为米级. 2016年,谷歌宣布允许开发者获取手机GNSS原始观测数据,为研究手机GNSS高精度定位算法提供了支持. 为探索智能手机多频多系统实时动态(RTK)的定位精度和可靠性,文中基于华为P40智能手机开展了静态和动态环境下的多频多系统RTK的定位性能分析. 结果表明:在静态环境下,智能手机多频多系统的RTK定位精度要优于芯片解,在东(E)、北(N)、天(U)三个方向的定位误差均方根(RMS)分别为0.20 m、0.39 m和0.31 m,比芯片解提高了57%、71%和75%;在动态环境下的定位精度依然能够达到分米级,相比于芯片解在E、N、U三个方向上的定位精度提高了37.84%、47.22%、53.68%. 相似文献
5.
在中长基线的GNSS动态相对定位中,随着基线长度的增加,参考站与流动站之间误差的相关性会下降,导致模糊度无法快速固定,定位性能下降。在多GNSS参考站条件下,可以通过自适应选择距离更近的参考站,形成更加合理的基线,以保障RTK定位的精度。为解决换站后重新初始化模糊度所带来的定位结果重新收敛问题,本文提出了一种GNSS RTK实时自适应参考站换站算法,引入原参考站与新参考站之间的双差模糊度作为辅助,从而得到准确的新参考站与流动站之间的双差模糊度先验信息,避免了换站后模糊度的重新初始化,得到了连续的高精度定位结果。该方法可适用于实时定位,能够满足大范围RTK高精度连续定位的需求。利用香港CORS站数据进行验证,结果表明,本文换站算法能够克服换站导致的定位重收敛问题,且能够保障换站前后获得连续的高精度定位结果。 相似文献
6.
复杂环境下智能手机RTK+PDR融合定位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对室外复杂环境下智能手机定位精度低、抗干扰能力不足的问题,本文利用手机GNSS观测值和手机内置IMU数据,采用RTK和PDR算法融合定位,对比分析了小米8和华为Mate20X两款手机的GNSS数据质量和融合定位算法性能,以及不同观测条件下融合算法的定位精度和稳定性。试验结果表明,在良好和复杂两种观测条件下,采用RTK算法定位精度分别为1.8 m和4.6 m;采用RTK+PDR融合算法定位精度分别为1.2 m和2.6 m,在两种环境下,RTK+PDR融合算法的精度分别提高了50%和76%,即显著提高了智能手机在室外复杂环境下的定位精度。 相似文献
7.
Currently, the GNSS computing modes are of two classes: network-based data processing and user receiver-based processing. A GNSS reference receiver station essentially contributes raw measurement data in either the RINEX file format or as real-time data streams in the RTCM format. Very little computation is carried out by the reference station. The existing network-based processing modes, regardless of whether they are executed in real-time or post-processed modes, are centralised or sequential. This paper describes a distributed GNSS computing framework that incorporates three GNSS modes: reference station-based, user receiver-based and network-based data processing. Raw data streams from each GNSS reference receiver station are processed in a distributed manner, i.e., either at the station itself or at a hosting data server/processor, to generate station-based solutions, or reference receiver-specific parameters. These may include precise receiver clock, zenith tropospheric delay, differential code biases, ambiguity parameters, ionospheric delays, as well as line-of-sight information such as azimuth and elevation angles. Covariance information for estimated parameters may also be optionally provided. In such a mode the nearby precise point positioning (PPP) or real-time kinematic (RTK) users can directly use the corrections from all or some of the stations for real-time precise positioning via a data server. At the user receiver, PPP and RTK techniques are unified under the same observation models, and the distinction is how the user receiver software deals with corrections from the reference station solutions and the ambiguity estimation in the observation equations. Numerical tests demonstrate good convergence behaviour for differential code bias and ambiguity estimates derived individually with single reference stations. With station-based solutions from three reference stations within distances of 22–103 km the user receiver positioning results, with various schemes, show an accuracy improvement of the proposed station-augmented PPP and ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions with respect to the standard float PPP solutions without station augmentation and ambiguity resolutions. Overall, the proposed reference station-based GNSS computing mode can support PPP and RTK positioning services as a simpler alternative to the existing network-based RTK or regionally augmented PPP systems. 相似文献
8.
针对目前非差精密单点定位增强信息无法直接用于RTK(real time kinematic)相对定位的问题,研究了基于附加坐标约束的参考站非差精密单点模糊度固定解提取非差改正信息的方法,并建立了非差增强信息与虚拟参考站观测信息等价变换模型,重点论述了空间状态域信息(state space representation,SSR)在等价变换中的区别应用。根据RTK模糊度部分固定技术,利用实测数据设计实验证明了算法的正确性与可用性。结果表明,虚拟零基线可获得与网络RTK同等精度的定位效果,从而实现了区域增强系统在非差与差分模式上的高度统一。 相似文献
9.
GPS/VRS 卫星定位服务网络建设与精度评定 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
虚拟参考站技术是近几年发展起来的,集Internet、无线通讯、计算机网络和GPS于一体的卫星定位技术。成都虚拟参考站卫星定位服务系统的建设,在设计上可满足全天候地向大成都地区用户提供厘米级实时动态定位服务。为了对该系统的实际定位精度进行客观的评价,从2 0 0 4年7月开展,历时两个月,全面完成了成都虚拟参考站卫星定位服务系统的精度评定工作,结果表明:在网内,水平方向上的精度可达2 .5cm ,垂直方向上的精度为4 . 5cm ,精度分布均匀;在网外,未模型化的距离相关误差的残余逐步增大,特别是距离网络中心大于1 2 0km以上时,定位精度开始衰减,为分米级。 相似文献
10.
VRS技术原理及网络RTK在城市规划测量中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
哈尔滨市GNSS双星导航系统正式建成并投入使用,其网络RTK的基本原理是通过虚拟参考站(VRS)技术进行超短基线的实时差分GPS测量,进而获得较高精度位置信息.系统网络RTK覆盖面积达1.4万km<'2>,和传统RTK测量技术相比较,网络RTK有覆盖范围广、精度高、易于操作等优点,在城市规划测量中得到了广泛的应用. 相似文献
11.
本文基于智能手机GNSS观测值的质量和性质,利用手机载波相位观测值不确定度进行粗差处理,使用星间单差法消除智能手机伪距和载波相位观测值之间差值不固定特性的影响,针对手机观测值修改滤波过程中的观测值噪声方差数值,采用不固定载波相位整周模糊度的常加速度动态单频Kalman滤波模型实现实时PPP和RTK两种定位方法,提高手机实时GNSS定位精度。使用某智能手机进行验证,单频实时动态PPP定位在99s内达到稳定状态,平面定位精度为1.51 m,高程精度为2.79 m;RTK定位在27 s内达到稳定状态,平面定位精度为0.73 m,高程精度为0.78 m。测试结果表明目前智能手机的GNSS定位模块具有提供更加精准的位置服务能力,甚至在某些特定场景下具有实施测绘作业的潜能。 相似文献
12.
随着全球卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）进入多系统时代,空中导航卫星的可见卫星数不断增加,中国北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDou navigation satellite system,BDS）已开始面向用户提供三频导航信号,这都有利于改善单历元实时动态定位（real-time kinematic,RTK）的精度和可靠性。中长基线单历元RTK通常采用电离层无关组合算法,但是该方法将观测噪声进行了放大,模糊度固定成功率随着基线长度的增加而明显降低。提出一种BDS/GPS（global positioning system）中长基线单历元多频RTK定位算法,先以较高成功率快速固定BDS的两个超宽巷模糊度,继而通过简单变换得到BDS宽巷模糊度,然后将其辅助提高GPS宽巷模糊度固定成功率,最后采用将电离层延迟误差参数化的策略以提高BDS/GPS窄巷模糊度固定成功率。结合实测数据进行验证分析,结果表明本文算法是可行的。 相似文献
13.
GPS/VRS 参考站网络的对流层误差建模技术研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在虚拟参考站(VRS)技术中,参考站与流动站间的高程差异会引起对流层误差改正数中存在系统偏差影响,使对流层改正精度降低。在常规网络内插改正模型的基础上,借助先验对流层模型,提出了一种能自主修正高程偏差的距离相关对流层网络内插模型(MHDIM)。基于四川GPS连续运行参考站网络(Sichuan GPS Reference Station Network-SGRSN)实际测试数据的分析表明,对于地形变化较大的中长距离稀疏GPS/VRS参考站网络(如流动站与参考站间高程差异大于500m),应用MHDIM模型可使对流层延迟误差改正精度提高到2到3cm并实现cm级网络RTK定位结果,适用于GPS/VRS参考站网络cm级实时动态定位要求。 相似文献
14.
In integrated systems for accurate positioning, which consist of GNSS, INS, and other sensors, the GNSS positioning accuracy has a decisive influence on the performance of the entire system and thus is very important. However, GNSS usually exhibits poor positioning results in urban canyon environments due to pseudorange measurement errors caused by multipath creation, which leads to performance degradation of the entire positioning system. For this reason, in order to maintain the accuracy of an integrated positioning system, it is necessary to determine when the GNSS positioning is accurate and which satellites can have their pseudorange measured accurately without multipath errors. Thus, the objective of our work is to detect the multipath errors in the satellite signals and exclude these signals to improve the positioning accuracy of GNSS, especially in an urban canyon environment. One of the previous technologies for tackling this problem is RAIM, which checks the residual of the least square and identifies the suspicious satellites. However, it presumes a Gaussian measurement error that is more common in an open-sky environment than in the urban canyon environment. On the other hand, our proposed method can estimate the size of the pseudorange error directly from the information of altitude positioning error, which is available with an altitude map. This method can estimate even the size of non-Gaussian error due to multipath in the urban canyon environment. Then, the estimated pseudorange error is utilized to weight satellite signals and improve the positioning accuracy. The proposed method was tested with a low-cost GNSS receiver mounted on a test vehicle in a test drive in Nagoya, Japan, which is a typical urban canyon environment. The experimental result shows that the estimated pseudorange error is accurate enough to exclude erroneous satellites and improve the GNSS positioning accuracy. 相似文献
15.
随着多个GNSS系统不断建成,天空中的导航卫星越来越多,使得RTK作业时的观测量也越来越多,这对提高单频单历元RTK的可靠性起到了至关重要的作用。本文分析了GLONASS信号频分多址的特点,对GPS/GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位的算法和模型进行了研究,提出了一种适用于三系统组合条件下短基线单频单历元RTK定位的算法,并采用实测数据对算法进行了验证,结果表明,GPS/GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位是可行的。 相似文献
16.
基于区域参考站网的网络实时动态定位(real-time kinematic,RTK)方法是实现全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)、北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou satellite navigation system,BDS)高精度定位的主要手段.研究了一种长距离GPS/BDS双... 相似文献
17.
当前广泛使用的实时GNSS定位应用可分为两种：一种是低成本定位应用,其采用廉价的芯片和天线,广泛应用于手机、共享单车和公交车定位等方面;另一种是高精度GNSS定位应用,采用网络RTK技术并结合测量型天线和接收机,为高精度测量用户提供实时厘米级测量服务。随着物联网、5G等技术的发展,实时分米到亚米级的定位需求逐渐增多。原有的低成本GNSS定位技术无法达到这一精度要求,高精度定位的设备成本高昂,无法用于大众导航领域。因此,本文实现了一种基于CORS系统的低成本差分定位终端。该终端包括两个部分：外接设备和手机。试验表明,在接入CORS系统后,该设备水平方向的定位精度可以达到亚米级,对推进CORS系统的大范围应用具有一定的意义。 相似文献
18.
GNSS区域参考站网可为大范围PPP和RTK终端用户提供快速精密定位服务,然而不同技术体制下的误差影响因素及服务模式不同,服务端数据处理方法及终端定位性能也会有所差异。本文在实现参考站非差模糊度固定的基础上,给出了基于区域参考站网的PPP及RTK一体化服务方法,并对两种技术体制的终端定位效果进行了全面评估。采用西北某省站间距约100 km的CORS站网数据进行试验分析,结果表明,采用区域参考站网解算的整数钟/UPD产品进行PPP固定解动态定位时精度较高,水平方向RMS可达0.5 cm,区域大气改正数可以显著提升定位终端的初始化速度,对于PPP和RTK,60.0%和87.7%的时段单历元即可得到固定解。需要注意的是,基于VRS模式的RTK定位等价于大气强约束,在大气建模精度较差时定位精度会显著下降,而采用虚拟大气约束的PPP-RTK定位精度几乎不受影响。 相似文献
19.
针对低成本GNSS模块及天线类型直接影响RTK性能的问题,该文选取了具有代表性的3种GNSS定位模块华大HD9310、UBLOX NEO-M8T、UBLOX ZED-F9P,以及测地型天线U35和螺旋天线BT-3070两种不同类型的天线。采集GNSS天线和模块不同组合的原始观测数据,深入分析了不同组合的原始GNSS数据的信噪比、模糊度解算初始化时间、伪距与载波相位的双差残差以及定位精度。结果表明:U35天线性能优于BT-3070天线;ZED-F9P模块性能优于NEO-M8T模块和HD9310模块。实验结果可为无人设备、工程测量等领域选取合适的RTK组合提供参考。 相似文献