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1.
甘肃金川二矿区镁铁-超镁铁岩体中橄榄石具有明显的矿物定向排列特征。通过对岩体中二辉橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩及含二辉石橄榄岩的造岩矿物橄榄石进行组构特征研究,发现均表现出"A"型组构特征,Nm[001]表现为在面理上的点极密,表明其滑移方向为[001]。结合Ng[100]、Np[010]组构特征,其滑移面应为(100)和(010),反映低温组构滑移系为(100)[001]或(010)[001],表明二矿区岩体橄榄石形成于地壳浅部低压、低应力状态下。由于二矿区岩体为金川矿床第二期含矿岩浆上侵产物,结合岩体所受的构造应力场的变化特征,可初步认定二矿区岩体中橄榄石定向排列的现象为成矿期构造的反映,且橄榄石光轴发生了自西向东的旋转,这也与李区域组构特征的研究相一致。 相似文献
2.
藏南变质橄榄岩的橄榄石组构可划分为三个主要类型:[100]、[010]和[001]组构。橄榄石[100]组构反映洋壳下部—上地幔上部的高温粘性流变和高温塑性流变,橄榄石[010]和[001]组构基本上是构造侵位阶段陆壳中低温塑性流变结果。变质橄榄岩中橄榄石组构转化具有明显的规律性,在岩体变形过程中,总的显示由高温的[100]组构逐渐转化为低温的[001]、[010]组构。高温塑性流变组构影响和制约低温塑性流变组构的发育,叠加变形有利于橄榄石[100]极密的加强和[100]组构向[010]、[001]组构的转化。 相似文献
3.
苏鲁-大别山超高压变质带迟家店和碧溪岭石榴二辉橄榄岩橄榄石组构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大别山碧溪岭和山东荣成分别发育壳源和幔源的石榴二辉橄榄岩。它们在扬子板块向华北板块的俯冲过程中与俯冲板片一起经历了超高压变质作用。这两种原岩来源不同的石榴橄榄岩中的橄榄石具有相似的结晶学优选方位(LPO):[100]轴主板密垂直于面理面,[010]轴主极密平行于线理,这种橄榄石结晶学优选方位明显不同于高温地幔橄榄岩包体中的橄榄石组构,也不同于最近在超高压变质地体中发现的水导致的橄榄石组构。我们认为碧溪岭和荣成石榴二辉橄榄岩中的这种橄榄石组构可能是在相对较干的超高压变质条件下形成的。本研究为大陆深俯冲超高压变质石榴橄榄岩橄榄石组构特征提供了第一手资料。 相似文献
4.
橄榄石的晶格优选定向、含水量与地震波各向异性:对大陆俯冲带变形环境的约束 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
橄榄石在不同热动力学条件下形成的晶格优选定向是认识上地幔塑性变形与地震波各向异性的基础。本文通过总结橄榄石的晶格优选定向、含水量与地震波各向异性的研究进展,探讨大陆俯冲带的变形环境。绝大部分天然变形橄榄岩中的橄榄石都发育了[100](010)组构:[100]轴近平行于线理,(010)面平行或近平行于面理,使橄榄岩的最快P波速度近平行于线理,最大S波分裂平行面理并垂直线理。但来自超高压变质带的石榴石橄榄岩可发育[001](100)组构,使橄榄岩的最快P波速度和最小S波分裂方向垂直面理。近年来的变形实验与理论计算表明:超高压和低温是橄榄石组构从[100](010)向[001](100)转变的关键因素,而水对橄榄石流变行为的影响还有待进一步研究。对170个天然橄榄石结构水含量的统计结果表明:橄榄石含水量变化很大(0～170×10~(-6)H_2O),玄武岩中橄榄岩包体的橄榄石比较贫水,而所有富水橄榄石均来自克拉通金伯利岩中的石榴石橄榄岩。因此,除了水在上地幔的不均匀分布,橄榄岩折返过程中氢的扩散会强烈影响橄榄石的含水量。苏鲁芝麻房橄榄岩提供了以超高压、低温、贫流体为特征的大陆俯冲带中[001](100)橄榄石组构的实例。在俯冲的大陆板片中,橄榄石组构在120～220 km从[100](010)向[001](100)的转变可导致地震波各向异性突然降低,而且最快P波速度垂直于俯冲方向。 相似文献
5.
本文利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术对河北张家口大麻坪汉诺坝玄武岩橄榄岩捕虏体中斜方辉石与玄武岩反应结构的显微构造进行了详细研究。研究结果表明: ① 其反应边具有复杂的多层筛状结构特征,包括玄武岩层、富橄榄石层以及橄榄石和单斜辉石交生层;② 由外至内,橄榄石的Mg值逐渐升高,而单斜辉石的Mg值变化不大;③ 反应边结构中的单斜辉石与斜方辉石残斑之间存在很好的结晶学拓扑关系,即(100)opx//(100)cpx、(010)opx//(010)cpx、(001)opx//(001)cpx;④ 橄榄石的结晶学取向无序且与斜方辉石和单斜辉石均无关。这个反应过程可以用贫硅熔体先与斜方辉石反应形成单斜辉石,并导致熔体富硅,从而橄榄石从反应熔体中结晶出来合理地解释。相对富硅熔体与橄榄岩的反应,贫硅熔体与橄榄岩的反应过程由于筛状反应边的存在可能更容易进行,筛状结构反应边可以为熔体在橄榄岩中沿颗粒边界运移提供通道,并使橄榄岩主要组成矿物发生细粒化和岩石结构变得松散,可以有效保证熔体上升过程中对橄榄岩的持续侵蚀和破坏,从而可能导致岩石圈地幔性质的迅速转变。 相似文献
6.
7.
橄榄石的含水量对上地幔的物理化学性质具有重要影响。傅里叶变换红外光谱（简称FTIR） 是目前最常用的测量名
义上无水矿物含水量的方法。由于矿物中红外光谱的吸收系数是各向异性的,理论上应使用偏振光来测量橄榄石的含水
量,但是该方法需要把橄榄石颗粒分离出来进行定向,非常费时。前人大多使用非偏振光来测量薄片中多个橄榄石的含水
量,并使用Paterson （1982） 的校正方法计算样品中橄榄石的平均含水量。非偏振光的使用忽略了颗粒定向造成的影响,会
低估橄榄石的含水量。上地幔橄榄石常发育晶格优选定向,为快速准确地获得橄榄石的原位含水量,该文将电子背散射衍
射技术（EBSD） 与FTIR 相结合,提出测量薄片中橄榄石含水量的新方法。首先使用Bell 等（2003） 的红外偏振光实验结
果,通过橄榄石[100]、[010]和[001]方向的含水量吸收系数建立一个椭球体。然后使用EBSD 测量某一颗粒在薄片中的取
向,根据欧拉角计算该方向的含水量吸收系数Ws,再根据Beer-Lambert 公式获得该颗粒的含水量。对加拿大Slave 克拉通
Muskox 金伯利岩携带的石榴橄榄岩中橄榄石的含水量研究表明,该方法可用于测量显微尺度的橄榄石原位含水量分布,为
橄榄石含水量与组构关系的研究提供基础资料。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
晶体的腐蚀像是指晶面(或切面)在酸、碱溶液中被腐蚀后形成的具有一定形状的蚀坑。腐蚀像不仅可以揭示晶面及晶体的对称性,还可以揭示晶面的结晶学意义。本文对同属三方晶系,但对称型不同的α-石英晶体(点群32)和刚玉晶体(点群3m)的(0001)切面和晶面进行了腐蚀像的微分干涉显微镜(DIC)观察与研究。经研究发现,α-石英晶体(0001)切面的腐蚀像为等边三角形,与该面上出露三次对称轴的对称关系一致,等边三角形的三边分别平行于[0110]、[1010]、[1100]方向,即垂直于X、垂直于Y、垂直于U轴方向。该等边三角形腐蚀像与该切面边棱的方位关系表明在包含三次轴的方向上无对称面存在,与α-石英晶体的对称型是相符的。刚玉晶体(0001)晶面的腐蚀像亦为等边三角形,与该面上出露3次对称轴的对称关系一致,等边三角形的三边分别平行于[2110]、[1210]、[1120]方向,即X、Y、U轴方向。刚玉晶体(0001)面的腐蚀像与该晶面边棱的方位关系表明在包含3次轴的方向上有3个对称面存在,这3个对称面分别垂直于[2110]、[1210]、[1120]方向,即X、Y、U轴方向,与刚玉晶体的对称型相符。因此,同属于三方晶系同一单形平行双面{0001}的α-石英晶体与刚玉晶体(0001)晶面的蚀坑形态是一致的,均为等边三角形,但等边三角形腐蚀坑的方位不同,等边三角形腐蚀坑与边棱的方位关系反映该晶体的对称型特点。这一研究对认清三方晶系不同对称型矿物晶体(0001)面腐蚀像的对称关系,丰富同一晶系不同对称型矿物各面腐蚀像之间的关系研究具有理论与实际意义。 相似文献
11.
Cleaved and mechanically polished surfaces of olivine from peridotite xenoliths from San Carlos, Arizona, were chemically etched using the techniques of Wegner and Christie (1974). Dislocation etch pits are produced on all surface orientations and they tend to be preferentially aligned along the traces of subgrain boundaries, which are approximately parallel to (100), (010), and (001). Shallow channels were also produced on (010) surfaces and represent dislocations near the surface that are etched out along their lengths. The dislocation etch channel loops are often concentric, and emanate from (100) subgrain boundaries, which suggests that dislocation sources are in the boundaries. Data on subgrain misorientation and dislocation line orientation and arguments based on subgrain boundary energy minimization are used to characterize the dislocation structures of the subgrain boundaries. (010) subgrain boundaries are of the twist type, composed of networks of [100] and [001] screw dislocations. Both (100) and (001) subgrain boundaries are tilt walls composed of arrays of edge dislocation with Burgers vectors b=[100] and [001], respectively. The inferred slip systems are {001} 〈100〉, {100} 〈001〉, and {010} 〈100〉 in order of diminishing importance. Exploratory transmission electron microscopy is in accord with these identifications. The flow stresses associated with the development of the subgrain structure are estimated from the densities of free dislocations and from the subgrain dimensions. Inferred stresses range from 35 to 75 bars using the free dislocation densities and 20 to 100 bars using the subgrain sizes. 相似文献
12.
This paper reports the results of optical and electron microscopic investigations of mantle olivine samples with H2O contents of tens-hundreds ppm weight. Samples were obtained from the xenoliths and xenocrysts of the Udachnaya pipe. At
the scale of optical microscope magnification, a peculiar banded microstructure was observed in thin sections prepared parallel
to the olivine (010) plane. It is formed by cross-hatched bands parallel to four crystallographic directions of the olivine
structure: [100], [001], [101], and [−101]. At the scale of electron optical magnifications, the banded microstructure is
observed as nanometer-sized heterogeneities of various types which are related to olivine deformation: (a) planar defects
parallel to (100) and (001) corresponding to the (100)[010] and (001)[100] dislocation glide systems, respectively; they are
occasionally transformed into lamellae or decorated by nanoinclusions; and (b) nanometer-sized heterogeneities formed by nanoinclusion
arrays not related to planar defects and oriented along the same directions of the olivine structure as the optically visible
bands. The deformation structures are decorated by coupled point OH-bearing defects, which were initially present in the olivine.
The crystallographically oriented arrays of nanoinclusions of high-pressure hydrous silicates are considered as a result of
olivine deprotonization (elimination of OH-bearing defects from the olivine structure) in the zones of previous deformation
compression in the crystal. Light refraction effects on the nanoinclusions make these zones optically visible and produce
the banded microstructure, which is a consequence of previous deformation. 相似文献
13.
综合分析了石英、石榴子石、橄榄石、锆石、红柱石的各不同结晶学意义的晶面腐蚀像特点,总结了晶面腐蚀像与晶面对称性及晶面结构特点之间的关系.腐蚀像不仅可以揭示晶面及晶体的对称性,还可以揭示晶面的结晶学意义,即同一晶体上的不同结晶学意义的晶面,尽管对称性相同,也具有不同的腐蚀像;不同晶体之间的具有相同对称性的晶面可能会有相同的腐蚀像;腐蚀像类似于一种宏观晶体形态,主要与晶面的对称性有关,与晶面上原子、离子排列的结构细节关系不大;同一晶体的同一晶面在不同的腐蚀剂中所得的腐蚀像也可能完全不同;有些晶面的腐蚀像可以用晶体生长形态的常见晶面与被腐蚀面的交棱来解释.该研究在揭示晶体溶解形态机理、将溶解形态与晶体生长形态对比、用溶解形态来反映晶体曾经经历的酸-碱环境等方面具有理论与实际意义. 相似文献
14.
The microstructure and texture in cordierites of a moldanubian gneiss from the Bohemian Massif has been analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and universal stage in order to get information on the deformation mechanisms and textural development of this rock-forming mineral. Deformation may have taken place at temperatures between about 500° C and 630° C and pressures smaller than about 3 kb. The elongated cordierite xenoblasts show a typical dislocation creep microstructure consisting of subgrain boundaries and free dislocations. The dislocations have [001], [010] and 1/2<110> Burgers vectors. [001] dislocations often have pure screw and edge character the latter type being climb-dissociated on (001). Among the dislocations reactions are common. The main subgrain boundaries observed are (010)[001], {110}[001] and (001)[010] tilt boundaries. Burgers vectors and dislocation line directions reveal (100)[001], (010)[001], (100)[010], {110} 1/2<110> and (001)1/2<110> as activated slip systems. The crystallographic preferred orientation (here referred to as texture) consists of a [001] maximum in the foliation parallel to the mineral lineation. [100] and [010] maxima are perpendicular to it within and normal to the foliation, respectively, with a girdle tendency normal to the lineation. The texture may be explained by simple shear deformation on the {hkO}[001] slip systems with preference of (010)[001]. 相似文献
15.
We have studied the plastic deformation of Mg2SiO4 wadsleyite polycrystals. Wadsleyite was synthesized from a forsterite powder in a multianvil apparatus. It was then recovered
and placed in a second multianvil assembly designed to induce plastic deformation by compression between two hard alumina
pistons. After the deformation experiment, the microstructures are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
and large-angle convergent beam electron diffraction (LACBED). Deformation experiments have been carried out at 15–19 GPa
and at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 1800–2000 °C. Five different dislocation types have been identified by
LACBED: [100], 1/2〈111〉, [010], 〈101〉 and [001]. The [001] dislocations result from dislocation reactions and not from activation
of a slip system. The [010] dislocations are activated under high stresses at the beginning of the experiments and further
relax by decomposition into 1/2〈111〉 dislocations or by dissociation into four 1/4[010] partial dislocations. The following
slip systems have been identified: 1/2〈111〉{101}, [100](010), [100](001), [100]{011}, [100]{021}, [010](001), [010]{101} and
〈101〉(010).
Received: 15 July 2002 / Accepted: 14 February 2003
Acknowledgements High-pressure experiments were performed at the Bayerisches Geoinstitut under the EU IHP – Access to Research Infrastructures
Programme (Contract no. HPRI-1999-CT-00004 to D.C. Rubie). P.C. has benefited from a Congé thématique pour recherche from
the University of Lille, and would like to thank warmly all the people in Bayreuth who contributed to this work by daily assistance
and discussions: Nathalie Bolfan-Casanova, Daniel Frost, Jed L. Mosenfelder and Brent Poe. The quality of the preparation
of the TEM specimens by H. Schultze is greatly appreciated. 相似文献
16.
Olivine in spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Bismarck Archipelago northeast of Papua New Guinea, which were transported
to the surface by Quaternary basalts, shows spinel inclusions up to 25 μm long and 200 nm wide. These inclusions mainly occur
as inhomogeneously distributed needles and subordinately as octahedral grains in olivine of veined metasomatic peridotites
as well as peridotites without obvious metasomatism. The needles very often occur in swarms with irregular spacing in between
them. Similar spinel inclusions in olivine have only previously been reported from ultramafites of meteoritic origin. Composition
and orientation of the spinel inclusions were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analytical electron
microscopy (AEM). Both the needles and the grains display a uniform crystallographic orientation in the host olivine with
[001]O1//[1ˉ10]Spl and (100)Ol// (111)Spl. The needles eare elongated parallel [010] in olivine, which is the same in all olivine grains. As these needles have no
relation to the metasomatic sections in the peridotite, it is concluded that they are primary features of the rock. Although
the composition of the spinel needles is often very similar to the large chromian spinel octahedra in the matrix, the small
octahedral spinel inclusions in olivine are in part Mg-rich aluminous spinel and sometimes almost pure magnetite. The spinel
needles are suggested to have formed by exsolution processes during cooling of Al- and Cr-rich, high-temperature olivine during
the initial formation of the lithospheric mantle at the mid-ocean ridge. The Al-rich spinel octahedra probably formed by the
breakdown of an Al-rich phase such as phlogopite or by metasomatism, whereas the magnetite was generated by oxidizing fluids.
These oxidizing fluids may either have been set free by dehydration of the underlying, subducted plate or by the Quaternary
magmatism responsible for the transport of the xenoliths to the seafloor.
Received: 25 May 2000 / Accepted: 12 July 2000 相似文献
17.
The validity of the thermodynamic cBΩ model is tested in terms of the experimentally determined diffusion coefficients of He in a natural Fe-bearing olivine (Fo90) and a synthetic end-member forsterite (Mg2SiO4) over a broad temperature range (250–950 °C), as reported recently by Cherniak and Watson (Geochem Cosmochim Acta 84:269–279, 2012). The calculated activation enthalpies for each of the three crystallographic axes were found to be (134 ± 5), (137 ± 13) and (158 ± 4) kJ mol?1 for the [100], [010] and [001] directions in forsterite, and (141 ± 9) kJ mol?1 for the [010] direction in olivine, exhibiting a deviation of <1 % with the corresponding reported experimental values. Additional point defect parameters such as activation volume, activation entropy and activation Gibbs free energy were calculated as a function of temperature. The estimated activation volumes (3.2–3.9 ± 0.3 cm3 mol?1) of He diffusion in olivine are comparable with other reported results for hydrogen and tracer diffusion of Mg cations in olivine. The pressure dependence of He diffusion coefficients was also determined, based on single experimental diffusion measurements at 2.6 and 2.7 GPa along the [001] direction in forsterite at 400 and 650 °C. 相似文献
18.
Kelyphite is a reaction product between garnet and olivine, which was formed by subsolidus reactions upon decompression during the ascent of mantle peridotite. We studied crystallographic relationships among constituent (product) phases of kelyphite ?C orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, spinel and reactant phases, garnet and olivine, using EBSD and found that, for a relatively high temperature sample (from Czech Moldanubian), spinel and pyroxenes are in a topotaxic relationship in such a way that spinel {111} coincides with pyroxene (100) and spinel {110} coincides with pyroxene (010); while the topotaxy is incomplete or non for a lower-temperature sample (from western Norway). On the basis of the observed microstructural and crystallographic relationships, we propose a hypothesis that the topotaxic relationship may be established at nucleation stages of the onset of the kelyphitization and that the degree of topotaxy may be related to the transformation temperature and the degree of supersaturation of the reaction. The lower the temperature, the higher the supersaturation and, therefore, more rapid the nucleation becomes, resulting in a more disordered state in topotaxic relationship. 相似文献