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1.
The soil dilution plate method was used to examine spatiotemporal changes in microfungal communities inhabiting the playa and interdune areas in the western Negev Desert, Israel. Soil samples were collected from the 0–50 cm depth at 10 cm intervals at both habitats during the wet and dry seasons of 2010. Forty-six species belonging to 31 genera were identified, 14 and 12 species were common to both habitats during the wet and dry seasons. The colony-forming units (CFUs) ranged from 75 to 4875 and from 500 to 6925 CFU g−1 dry soil at the playa and interdune, respectively. More diverse species and higher microfungal density were recorded during the wet season compared to the dry season at both habitats, and the microfungal communities inhabiting the playa were characterized by lower species diversity and CFU compared with the interdune regardless of soil depth and sampling season. With the increase in soil depth, decreasing trends were found in both species diversity and CFU throughout the study period, especially in the playa soils. Generally, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria alternata, Ulocladium atrum, and Fusarium spp. were widespread at the playa with high relative abundance, as were Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. at both habitats. 相似文献
2.
This study was designed to test hypotheses about the combined effects of short-term, seasonal grazing with seasonal drought, fire, and carbon enrichment on soil microarthropod communities in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland. The study was conducted in eighteen 0.5 ha plots following three consecutive years of treatment: six plots intensively grazed in summer, six in winter, and six not grazed. There was no difference in perennial grass cover on the summer-grazed and winter-grazed plots. Intensive seasonal grazing had no effect on the abundance and community composition of soil microarthropods. Within each plot there were six subplots: summer rain-out, winter rain-out, burned, glucose amendment, rain-out control and burn-glucose control. Fire and carbon enrichment had no significant effect on soil microarthropod abundance or community composition. The average number of microarthropods ranged from 8915 ± 1422 m−2 in the ungrazed, unburned plots to 7175 ± 1232 m−2 in the winter-grazed, unburned plots. Microarthropod densities in the glucose-amended plots were 8917 ± 4902 m−2 in the winter-grazed plots and 10,731 ± 863 m−2 in the glucose-amended, summer-grazed subplots.The prostigamatid mite, Tydeus sp., was the most abundant microarthropod taxon in all treatment plots. 相似文献
3.
The Caatinga (dryland) biome of Brazil is experiencing accentuated desertification due to deforestation and inappropriate uses of its natural resources. Studies examining the diversity of filamentous fungi in Caatinga soils are still scarce and the present work was designed to isolate and identify the soil fungi of this biome in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Soil samples were taken at five random sites during the dry and rainy seasons from the soil surface and at depths of 20 cm. A total of 85 species of filamentous fungi were identified, including species of anamorphic fungi (71 species), Zygomycota (8) and Ascomycota (6). The most abundant genera were Aspergillus (28) and Penicillium (18). No significant differences were observed in the numbers of colony forming units in samples taken during either the rainy or dry seasons, or from surface or subsurface soils. Most of the fungi species isolated from caatinga soils were classified as rare. Our results indicate that anamorphic fungi dominate the soil mycobiota in the Brazilian semiarid region, with species of Aspergillus and Penicillium being most common. 相似文献
4.
Biological soil crusts provide habitat for microarthropods of various trophic groups in arid systems, but the community composition and functional role of microarthropods in these unique systems are not well characterized for many desert locations. This study examined the microarthropod community, including mites, collembolans, and tardigrades, associated with early- and late-successional stage biological soil crusts at two locations, Colorado Plateau (southeastern Utah) and Chihuahuan Desert (southern New Mexico). Most microarthropod groups were more abundant in Colorado Plateau than Chihuahuan Desert, and tardigrades were more abundant near the surface (0–10 cm) than at depth (10–30 cm). Although the microarthropod community composition differed between Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert, Aphelacaridae, Cosmochthoniidae, Micropsammidae, Nanorchestidae, Stigmaeidae, and Tydeidae were families common to both locations, both crust stages and both depths. Most families present were microphytophagous, either strictly or as facultative predators. These findings are compatible with the microfloral nature of biological soil crusts dominated by lichen, moss, and cyanobacteria. Occasional predation of nematodes and protozoa grazing on the crust flora is likely. Other groups identified included zoophages, necrophages and macrophytophages. Proposed is a ‘core community’ of five strict microphytophages, four facultative predators, two zoophages, and one necrophage family. 相似文献
5.
Biological soil crusts of the arid Southwest US are habitat for a greater diversity of microfauna than soils with absent or physically disturbed crusts. The cyanobacteria of desert soil crusts fix nitrogen biologically, but it is not known whether these cyanobacteria are consumed by microfauna and are a significant component of the soil food web. We suspect that stylet-bearing nematodes and tardigrades are the most likely microfauna to graze on cyanobacteria, so we used natural abundance stable isotopes to test whether cyanobacteria are indeed a significant component of their diet in the field. We found that stable isotope composition of microinvertebrate biomass supports the hypothesis that cyanobacteria are a potential prey item in the food chain leading up to tardigrades and dorylaim-type nematodes in desert soils, but does not support the same hypothesis for Tylenchidae in these communities. Continued development of stable isotope methods may help to refine our understanding of feeding behaviors in belowground desert soil food webs. 相似文献
6.
干旱荒漠螨类和跳虫对降雨的响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
目前关于降水变化如何影响和调控荒漠土壤动物分布及多样性的形成与维持生态学机制的认识非常有限。通过对自然降雨后红砂和泡泡刺灌丛下螨类和跳虫群落的动态监测,揭示荒漠小型节肢动物群落组成及多样性对降雨变化的响应规律。结果表明：干季降雨对两种灌木下小型节肢动物、螨类和跳虫数量及类群丰富度影响较小,而湿季降雨对两种灌木下螨类和跳虫数量及类群丰富度影响较大。如7月24.8 mm和8月6.8 mm降雨后两种灌木下小型节肢动物群落、螨类和跳虫的数量及类群丰富度均显著高于5月4.0 mm、6月14.8 mm和6.6 mm的降雨。6月14.8 mm和6.6 mm降雨后两种灌木下小型节肢动物群落在第2天和3天出现峰值;而7月24.8 mm降雨后两种灌木下小型节肢动物群落均呈现先降低后增加的模式;8月6.8 mm降雨后红砂灌丛下小型节肢动物群落呈降低的趋势,而泡泡刺灌丛下小型节肢动物群落变化较小。泡泡刺灌丛下螨类数量及类群丰富度均高于红砂灌丛,而两种灌木下跳虫数量及类群丰富度相差较小,这可能会影响湿季荒漠小型节肢动物群落对自然降雨变化的响应模式。 相似文献
7.
F. Farías J. Orlando L. Bravo R. Guevara M. Carú 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(12):1117-1124
The spatial heterogeneity of resources in desert and semi-arid shrubland appears to be important in determining higher soil bacteria abundance around plants than in soil without plant cover. Thus, these bacterial communities could be important contributors to nutrient cycling in arid ecosystems. Bacterial diversity from Chilean sclerophyllous matorral was determined by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). Soil samples associated with the actinorhizal plant Colletia hystrix, non-actinorhizal plants and interspace soil without plant cover, were collected in May and October. The non-actinorhizal and interspace soil differed significantly in their potassium content in May and pH in October. The T-RFLP analysis revealed differences in the bacterial community structure from the different habitats. The soil bacterial communities associated with plants were the most similar, whereas the interspace soil community differed in both sampling times. The factors that best explained the groupings were potassium and pH. The greatest diversity was observed in the interspace soil. The Microbial Community Analysis showed a significant proportion of T-RFs identified as Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Likewise, spatial and temporal differences were observed in the main groups' abundance. The dominance of Firmicutes suggests that the sclerophyllous matorral could be a different ecosystem to other arid and semi-arid soils with respect to the bacterial community structure. 相似文献
8.
Shrub is an important factor on structuring ground arthropod communities in desert ecosystems. In this study, in order to determine how shrubs and their species influence ground arthropod distribution patterns in a sandy desert scrubland dominated by two different shrub species, Calligonum mongolicum and Nitraria sphaerocarpa, the ground arthropods were sampled with pitfall traps during spring, summer and autumn. At the community level, total arthropod abundance was shown to be significantly higher under shrubs than in intershrub bare areas in spring; similar patterns occurred in terms of the richness of arthropod groups in the spring and over three seasons, suggesting season-specific shrub presence effects on arthropod activity. In addition, more arthropods were found under N. sphaerocarpa shrubs than under C. rnongolicum shrubs in autumn, suggesting season-specific effects of shrub species of arthropod activity, whereas more arthropods taxa were captured under C. mongoIicum than N. sphaerocarpa. At the trophic group level, the abundances of predator and herbivore arthropods were significantly greater under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats, whereas herbivore arthropods were more abundant under N. sphaerocarpa than C. rnongolicum, and an opposite rule was detected for predator arthropods At the family level, the mean abundances of Carabidae, Curculionidae, Gnaphosidae and Lycosidae were significantly higher in the shrub microhabitats than in the intershrub bare habitat, there was no significant difference between habitats on the mean abundances of Formicidae and Tenebrionidae. The study results suggested that shrub presence and shrub species variation are important determinants of ground arthropod assemblages in this desert ecosystem, but the responses of ar- thropods differed among trophic and taxonomic groups. 相似文献
9.
恢复人工植被是祁连山自然保护区矿区废弃地修复的主要手段,经过近5年的修复,矿区废弃地修复区地上植被盖度明显提高,但关于作为评价土壤修复效果重要指标的土壤动物群落变化的认识还很有限。以祁连山自然保护区典型煤矿废弃地为研究对象,采用野外调查的方法对比研究了煤矿修复区和毗邻区（原始地貌）大型土壤动物分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）修复区植物丰富度、生物量、盖度及土壤粗砂、有机质、全氮含量均显著低于毗邻区（P<0.05）,而土壤水分、细砂、黏粉粒、全钾和全磷含量差异不显著（P>0.05）。（2）修复区土壤动物活动密度和多样性均显著高于毗邻区,修复区和毗邻区土壤动物均以蝗科（12.7%和55.7%）和蚁科（14.4%和49.6%）为主;进房沟、水磨沟和柳树沟煤矿修复区及毗邻区土壤动物群落相似性分别为39.9%、52.9%和43.4%。（3）土壤有机质含量是影响煤矿修复区和对照区捕食性土壤动物群落变化的主要因子,而草本物种数和土壤粗砂含量是影响植食性土壤动物群落变化的主要因子。总之,人工修复后煤矿废弃地修复区土壤动物个体数均高于对照区,部分矿区修复生境类群丰富度及多样性已经超过了毗邻区,这表明蚂蚁、步甲和蝗虫等地表节肢动物对煤矿矿区覆土恢复植被和封禁等措施驱动的植被和土壤环境变化响应敏感。因此,还需要优化植被及土壤修复模式,提高土壤动物多样性及多功能性,使矿区废弃地生态环境能够得到快速修复。 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Arid Environments》1999,41(1):27-35
The effect of both a non-prescribed summer fire and grazing at high stocking rate following fire on plant community composition, the frequency of occurrence of bare soil, grasses and shrubs, species diversity and biomass of herbaceous forage were evaluated for three growing seasons after fire. Changes in community composition occurred as a consequence of both fire and grazing. Communities were dominated by unpalatable shrubs and grasses in unburned sites as a result of a long history of overgrazing. Fire contributed to a conversion of those shrublands to communities with a more favourable balance between woody and herbaceous species. The frequency of palatable grasses and herbaceous forage biomass increased by a factor ofc. 3 at the expense of woody vegetation. Grazing after fire had significant positive (i.e. decrease in undesirable grasses) and negative (i.e. increase in bare soil) effects. 相似文献
11.
Changes in plant community structure and composition of the Mojave Desert in response to greater fire intensity and extent are likely to have strong bottom-up effects on the biological community. The objective of this study was to determine how expansive fire in Mojave Desert impacts small mammal communities across seasons. We sampled small mammals in paired burned (4–5 years post-fire) and unburned areas of Beaver Dam Wash in southwestern Utah. Fire reduced total abundance of small mammals, and species richness and species diversity of the small mammal community. Merriam’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) responded positively to fire (15% greater in burned areas). Long-tailed pocket mouse (Chaetodipus formosus) and canyon mouse (Peromyscus crinitus) were 91% and 98% less abundant in burned versus unburned areas. The positive response of Merriam’s kangaroo rat to fire is most likely correlated with their preference for open foraging microhabitat while other species captured prefer greater and more diverse cover. Because the small mammal community has been dramatically affected by fire, it is likely that top-down control of vegetation structure will be dominated by Merriam’s kangaroo rat in burned areas, which may promote more open habitat by limiting the growth of annual and perennial grasses. 相似文献
12.
SOIL CATENAS,TROPICAL DEFORESTATION,AND ANCIENT AND CONTEMPORARY SOIL EROSION IN THE PETéN,GUATEMALA
Timothy Beach 《自然地理学》2013,34(5):378-405
The Petexbatún region of Guatemala's Petén tropical forest lowlands has been largely deforested since the early 1980s as landless peasants have turned even national parks into milpas. The soils of these tropical forest, karst landscapes are known mainly from small-scale maps and archaeological investigations. This paper investigates soil catenas and natural slope processes from the region's last virgin tropical forests and compares these with catenas and processes on slashed and burned slopes. Soils were sampled and analyzed for physical, fertility, and taxonomic measures. This primary forest toposequence forms a typical downward translocation catena, with the thickest soils (>200 cm) in depressions, the thinnest soils on shoulder slopes, and moderately thin soils on the crests and backslopes. Most crest and sloping soils are Lithic Rendolls and contain simple O-A-C horizon sequences, and most soils have little sign of either eluviation or illuviation. A few deeper soils on the slopes are Vertic Rendolls and have moderate slick-ensides, whereas footslopes and seasonally drained depressions are well developed Vertisols. The primary forest soil catena was compared with two slash-and-burn milpas, one with comparable slopes and one with steeper slopes. The comparably sloped milpa had soil thicknesses that were 7.9 to 13.8 cm thinner, truncated horizons, and physical evidence of erosion. The steeper milpa had soil thicknesses that were 11.1 to 18.2 cm thinner and also had truncated horizons and physical evidence of erosion. Where ancient Maya terraces (Late Classic, ca. 550 to 830 A.D.) are present in the slash-and-burn landscape, an average of 25 to 46.5 cm soil remain upslope and 9.3 to 16.1 cm remain downslope. The findings show high soil truncation rates and erosion to bedrock in a decade in one place, though ancient Maya terraces are still holding 2.7 to 3.6 times more soil than the surrounding hillslopes. Despite high modern erosion, lake sediments show surprisingly low soil losses in the Maya Late Classic during the period of the most intensive land use. In contrast, studies at Copán, Honduras and in the northern Petén, where terrace evidence is scant, show high rates of erosion during this period. [Key words: soil catenas, tropical deforestation, milpa, soil erosion, Maya Lowlands.] 相似文献
13.
海洋动物粪土是南极陆地生态系统养分的重要来源,粪土层细菌群落对南极苔原碳、氮循环过程起重要作用,但目前对南极海洋动物粪土层中细菌群落的变化特征却鲜有报道。本文采集了东南极四个企鹅、海豹粪土剖面样品,通过酶活性、微生物量碳、微生物熵、土壤呼吸和DNA浓度测定以及16 S r DNA-DGGE分析,探讨了粪土层中细菌群落变化特征及其与环境因子的关系。土壤转化酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性、微生物量碳、土壤呼吸和微生物熵随深度增加而递减,而代谢熵增加,表明随深度增加,微生物生存环境恶劣,造成细菌丰度和酶分泌量减小,需更多有机碳进行能量代谢。土壤DNA浓度与pH、含水率、TOC、TN、微生物量碳、土壤呼吸以及酶活性呈高度正相关,表明这些因子对粪土层中细菌种群的丰度有重要影响。DGGE图谱分析证实：东南极海洋动物粪土中含丰富的细菌群落结构,随深度增加泳道带型数量和亮度递减,表明细菌多样性和丰度递减。聚类分析表明：四个剖面随深度泳道带型差异明显,细菌遗传相似性为46%,企鹅、海豹粪土细菌群落差异性尤为明显;发现四个粪土剖面中,细菌丰度与企鹅、海豹粪的相对含量呈协调一致性变化,且表层5cm粪土层细菌丰度最高,表明东南极企鹅和海豹排泄物对土壤中细菌群落多样性变化起重要作用。 相似文献
14.
退化沙质草地土壤种子库和地上植被对封育的响应机理 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
从植物种和植物功能类群两个水平系统探讨退化沙质草地土壤种子库和地上植被对短期封育管理响应机理的研究尚不多。以内蒙古东部的科尔沁沙地退化沙质草地为研究对象,采取随机样方法对禁牧6 a的封育区及与其相邻的自由放牧草地的土壤种子库和地上植物群落的物种密度进行了比较研究,草本植物群落被区分为一年生禾本科植物、非禾本科一年生植物和多年生植物3个主要功能类群。利用测定数据,分析研究了短期禁牧封育对土壤种子库和地上群落不同植物种和各植物功能类群的生态恢复作用机理。主要研究结果是：①短期封育显著促进了退化沙质草地植被的生态恢复,但发现土壤种子库和地上植被对禁牧的响应模式和机理存在明显差异,短期禁牧使土壤种子库中所有3个植物功能类群的密度均得到显著提高,而仅提高了地上植被一年生禾本科植物和多年生植物两个类群的密度;相反,禁牧显著提高了地上植被所有3个功能类群的物种丰富度和多样性,仅提高了土壤种子库中多年生植物类群的物种多样性。②短期禁牧显著增加了地上植物群落组成中可食和优良牧草的比例,提高了草地的经济利用价值。主要结论是：短期禁牧封育是一种经济有效的提高退化沙质草地植被多样性、生产力及对植物群落物种组成和草地品质进行优化调控和改良的重要草地管理手段。研究建议,今后应重点开展不同禁牧时间下对退化沙质草地土壤种子库和地上植被多样性、生产力及其物种组成变化影响的长期生态学控制实验研究。 相似文献
15.
The effects of salinity on soil organic carbon(SOC) and its labile fractions including microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and easily oxidation organic carbon(EOC),basal soil respiration,and soil nematode community in the Fluvents,an oasis in an arid region of northwestern China were investigated.Five sites were selected which had a salinity gradient with different groundwater table from 1.0 m to 4.0 m.Soils were sampled at the 0–20 cm plough layer from 25 irrigated fields of five sites and electrical conductivity was measured in the saturation paste extracts(ECe).Soils were categorized into five salinity levels:(1) non-saline,(2) very slightly saline,(3) slightly saline,(4) moderately saline,and(5) strongly saline according to the values of ECe.The results show that SOC and total nitrogen concentration,cation exchange capacity(CEC),and the concentrations of labile organic fractions(MBC,EOC),and basal soil respiration decreased significantly with increasing ECe.The relationships between ECe and MBC,EOC and basal soil respiration were best described by power functions.Slight and moderate salinity had no significant impact on soil nematode abundance,but excessive salt accumulation led to a marked decline in soil nematode community diversity and abundance.Soil salinity changed soil nematode trophic groups and bacterivores were the most abundant trophic groups in salt-affected soils.Further study is necessary to identify the response of soil microbial processes and nematode community dynamics to soil salinity. 相似文献
16.
全球变化对草地土壤微生物群落多样性的影响研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
全球变化对人类生存环境的影响已成为当前全世界共同关注的焦点。草地分布十分广泛, 且大多位于生态脆弱带, 对全球变化响应十分敏感。当前, 有关全球变化对草地生态系统影响的研究主要集中于地上植被部分, 对于生态系统物质循环关键参与者和草地碳源汇的重要调节者--土壤微生物的研究相对较少。本文综述了全球变化因子, 包括CO2浓度、气温、降水及氮沉降等因素及其交互作用对草地土壤微生物群落多样性影响的相关研究进展, 并在此基础上对当前研究中的一些不足之处进行剖析, 对未来研究需关注的问题和研究方向进行了讨论和展望。 相似文献
17.
《寒旱区科学》2019,11(6)
An understanding of soil microbial communities is crucial in roadside soil environmental assessments. The 16 S rRNA sequencing of a stressed microbial community in soil adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH) revealed that the accumulation of heavy metals(over about 10 years) has affected the diversity of bacterial abundance and microbial community structure. The proximity of a sampling site to the QTH/Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR), which is effectively a measure of the density of human engineering, was the dominant factor influencing bacterial community diversity. The diversity of bacterial communities shows that 16 S rRNA gene abundance decreased in relation to proximity to the QTH and QTR in both alpine wetland and meadow areas. The dominant phyla across all samples were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria.The concentration of Cr and Cd in the soil were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MC/WC sampling sites), and Ni, Co, and V were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MA/WA sampling sites).The results presented in this study provide an insight into the relationships among heavy metals and soil microbial communities, and have important implications for assessing and predicting the impacts of human-induced activities from the QTH and QTR in such an extreme and fragile environment. 相似文献
18.
We investigated the influence of linear habitats, three types of hedgerows and two types of field margins, on the small mammal community within a semi-arid agricultural landscape in south-central British Columbia, Canada. We examined whether abundance, species richness, and species diversity of small mammals in tree fruit orchards differed from linear, edge habitats along orchard margins. Our five edges spanned grassy to wooded habitats. Linear habitats were intensively sampled for vascular plants in 2003 and small mammal communities from 2003 to 2007. Vegetation and total abundance of small mammal species among three types of hedgerows were similar and population changes followed those within nearby apple orchards. Species richness and diversity of small mammals, however, were significantly higher in hedgerows than orchards. Fewer mammals occupied hedgerows with high volumes of herb and shrub biomass, but richness and diversity of mammals did increase with shrub volume. All seven species of small mammals were represented in the hedgerow communities, including two species at risk: the Great Basin pocket mouse Perognathus parvus and the western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis). Two types of field margins (orchard-sagebrush and orchard-old field) along fencerows provided habitat for P. parvus. Field margins managed for herbaceous plant species along fencerows and other such linear configurations provided habitat for R. megalotis. Linear non-crop habitats should maintain the overall small mammal community, as well as the two species at risk, within this semi-arid agricultural landscape. 相似文献
19.
模拟增雨对荒漠土壤古菌多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨生长季增雨对荒漠土壤中古菌群落结构的影响,根据内蒙古磴口多年平均降水量,设计了模拟增雨试验,包括对照、2个增雨时段（生长季前期与后期）、每个时段2个增雨梯度（50%与100%）共计5种处理。增雨后提取荒漠土壤总DNA,对古菌群落编码16S rRNA基因的V4区进行Hiseq测序,分析古菌群落丰度、多样性及结构组成等。结果表明：该地区荒漠土壤中古菌群落均以奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）和广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）为优势菌群。NMDS和3种非相似性分析（MRPP、ANOSIM和Adonis）表明,生长季前期增雨未显著改变古菌的群落结构,生长季后期增雨显著改变了古菌的群落结构,当生长季后期增雨量达到100%时,古菌丰富度和多样性显著降低。与氨氧化过程密切相关的奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）相对丰度在生长季后期100%增雨条件下显著增加,将促进荒漠土壤的硝化过程。Mantel检验发现荒漠土壤古菌群落结构受土壤湿度、土壤温度、土壤硝态氮含量的影响。未来全球变化背景下降水格局变化将会对荒漠土壤古菌群落结构产生影响,并可能影响氮循环过程。 相似文献
20.
生物土壤结皮对荒漠昆虫多样性的影响 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4
生物土壤结皮广泛分布在干旱半干旱地区与寒区荒漠,是荒漠生态系统的主要组成和景观特征之一,其重要性已被大量的研究报道所证实。然而,关于生物土壤结皮与昆虫种类多样性之间关系的研究却很少。本文以腾格里沙漠东南缘的沙坡头地区半固定沙丘柠条－油蒿群落和固定沙丘柠条－油蒿群落为观测样地,选择具有不同类型生物土壤结皮分布的植被群落为观测样方。昆虫的调查采用100 m×100 m的样方,利用样筐和网捕法收集昆虫,记录昆虫数量,采集标本在室内进行鉴定。结果表明:与无结皮覆盖的植被区相比,生物土壤结皮在地表的覆盖显著地增加了昆虫的多样性和种的丰富度,其中以苔藓和地衣为主的结皮覆盖的植被样方中昆虫种的多样性和丰富度显著地高于以蓝藻和藻类为主的结皮样方。生物土壤结皮对荒漠昆虫多样性的贡献可能是由于稳定了土表、改善了植被系统中的土壤环境,为昆虫,特别是幼虫阶段提供相对适宜的土壤生境或部分食物来源。 相似文献