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1.
利用安装在共振柱测试系统中的弯曲-伸展元,开展了干砂中P波（压缩波）和S波（剪切波）的室内试验,详细地分析了干砂中P波和S波的信号特征,研究了输入频率、土体密实度和有效围压对输出信号的影响。对比各种信号分析方法,并参考共振柱试验结果确定了S波的传播时间。根据实测波速和波动理论,确定了土体的弹性参数,包括剪切模量,侧限模量和泊松比。研究结果表明,P波和S波的输出信号频率在一定程度上随输入信号频率、土体密实度和有效围压的增加而增加,且P波信号比S波信号更容易确定波的传播时间;土体的弹性模量随土体密实度和有效围压的增加而增加,但剪切模量增长比侧限模量快;土体的泊松比并非一个常数,随着土体密实度和有效围压的增加而下降。初步探讨了利用剪切模量估算泊松比,以方便实际工程应用。 相似文献
2.
粗糙度是影响节理岩体强度与变形特性的重要因素之一。首先使用3D 打印机制作模具,并浇筑形成不同粗糙度（节理粗糙度系数JRC=2、7、12、17、22）的节理岩石试样。采用GCTS高温高压动静岩石三轴试验系统,对含有不同粗糙度节理岩石试样进行了三轴压缩试验,获得了不同粗糙度节理岩石试样的三轴应力–应变曲线,分析了JRC对岩石三轴强度和变形特性的影响规律,在三轴加载过程中采用声发射测试系统,分析了不同粗糙度节理岩石试样的声发射特性。运用数字三维视频显微系统观察节理面形态,讨论了不同围压下节理岩石试样峰值强度与JRC之间的关系。研究结果表明,节理面的存在直接导致节理岩石试样强度的大幅度降低,JRC对岩石破坏裂纹的形态、数量和空间分布特征亦有很大的影响,随着JRC值的增大,岩石节理面的抗剪强度增大,岩石试样的三轴抗压强度也会增大,岩石试样由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏。 相似文献
3.
Sheng Zeng Shaoping Wang Bing Sun Qibing Liu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(3):1559-1573
The existence of joint fissures makes explosive actions between rock masses more complex. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out experiments studying blasting stress waves propagating in jointed rock masses. Based on the Froude Similarity principle, the geological mechanical models of intact rock masses and jointed rocks have been proposed. A blasting vibration experiment was carried out and demonstrated that the propagation of the blasting stress waves and changing structures have an important relationship. A numerical simulation of the blasting stress wave propagation law in a layered jointed rock mass was carried out. This study found that with an increase in the joint angle, the peak velocity of blasting stress wave, transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient all gradually increased, while the attenuation coefficient gradually decreased. With an increase in joint spacing, the attenuation rate of the blasting stress waves increased. 相似文献
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节理岩体超声测试及单轴压缩试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了获取节理岩体各向异性力学特性和声波传播规律的相互关系,通过制作圆柱形单一预制贯通节理试件,开展了7种不同倾角节理试件的超声波波速测试和单轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：（1）节理试件波速测试值离散性较大,但总体服从正态分布,波速平均值介于石膏试件和完整试件之间,波速随节理倾角增大呈线性递减;（2）不同倾角的节理面对节理试件力学特性的影响很大,在应力-应变关系、变形特征、强度特征和破坏模式上均表现出显著的各向异性特征;（3）节理试件的力学性质和超声波传播特性变化规律区别很大,采用超声波波速确定节理试件的力学参数会存在很大误差。 相似文献
6.
Stochastic seismic wave interaction with a slippery rock fault is studied, based on the principle of conservation of momentum
at the wave fronts along the fault. By using the displacement discontinuity method, the wave propagation equations are derived
for incident longitudinal-(P-) and shear-(S-) waves, respectively. This is an extension of the study by Li and Ma (2010) for
blast-induced wave propagation across a linear rock joint. Stochastic seismic waves are generated from a frequency spectrum
and used to analyze the seismic wave interaction with a rock fault having a Coulomb-slip behavior. Parametric studies are
carried out to investigate the effect of the intensity and impinging angle of the incident seismic waves on wave propagation
across a slippery rock fault. Results show that the transmission of the incident P-wave is almost not affected by the fault,
on the contrary, this is not the case for an incident S-wave, due to the occurrence of a relative slip which is related to
the impinging angle of the incident S-wave. A quantitative study is presented which is of help in understanding the propagation
and attenuation laws of seismic waves in discontinuous rock masses. 相似文献
7.
Correlations Developed for Estimation of Hydraulic Parameters of Rough Fractures Through the Simulation of JRC Flow Channels 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
The hydro-mechanical response of fractured rock masses is complex, due partly to the presence of fractures at different scales.
Surface morphology has a significant influence on fluid flow behaviour of a fracture. Different empirical correlations and
statistical models have been proposed to estimate the equivalent hydraulic aperture and determine the pressure drop along
a fracture. However, the existing models suffer from not being adequately generalised to be applicable to a wide range of
real fracture surfaces. To incorporate the effect of profile roughness in the hydro-mechanical behaviour of fractured rock
masses, the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) is the most widely used empirical approach. However, the average JRC of two
fracture walls in fluid flow analysis, as is a common practice, appears to be inappropriate. It will be shown how different
combinations of pairs of JRCs could lead to a similar JRC value. Also, changing the position of the top and bottom walls of
a fracture can significantly change the hydraulic response of the fracture while the average JRC is identical in both cases.
In this paper, correlations are developed which are based on the simulation of JRCs using estimated fluid flow parameters
of 2D fractures can be estimated. In order to widen the application range of the correlations, JRC flow channels were generated:
these are 2D channels with their top and bottom walls being made from two of the JRC profiles. To estimate the JRC of linear
profiles, a correlation developed between JRC and a newly developed Riemannian roughness parameter, D
R1, is proposed. Considering ten JRC profiles, a total of 100 JRC flow channels were generated. In order to only investigate
the effect of surface roughness on fluid flow, the minimum closure between the top and bottom walls of JRC flow channels were
considered to be constant. Three cases with minimum closures of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 cm were considered in this study. All
JRC flow channels were subjected to fluid analysis using FLUENT software. Based on these results, correlations were developed
between the geometrical and hydraulic properties of flow channels. Analysis of several real fractures demonstrated the applicability
of these correlations. 相似文献
8.
岩石脆性临界破坏的波速特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据岩石加载破坏过程中应力-应变和波速-应变曲线所反映的的波速变化特征,研究了岩石声波传播速度与其加载变形过程的相关性。研究表明:岩石破裂前波速及特征参数随着变形破坏阶段变化会有显著改变,特别是应力水平到达70%80%之后,当加载破坏过程中岩石的裂隙大量增加后波速参数出现突变。这是由于在膨胀点附近岩石中微裂隙迅速丛集式增长,改变了岩石内部的微观结构,导致岩石波速降低。伴随着波速降低,波速走时急剧增大,离散度增大;S波和P波的振幅减小,但其振幅比急剧增大;S波、P的波Q值也会出现突变。通过对岩石加载过程中的波速变化与应力-应变曲线之间的关联性分析,利用波速信息变化可以实现对岩石脆性破裂前兆的识别。 相似文献
9.
通过波速测试技术进行岩土体弹性波速度原位测试,利用岩土体的纵、横波速度值能够进行场地类别划分,确定场地卓越周期,以及计算地基土的动参数,为岩土工程提供必要的设计参数。通过计算获得了徐州苏宁广场场地土的纵、横波速度以及场地土的动参数,根据《建筑抗震设计规范》确定徐州苏宁广场场地为二类场地,利用波速值计算场地卓越周期为0. 415 s与规范中查表获得的特征周期一致。为该工程场地工程地质评价和抗震设计提供了丰富的参数。 相似文献
10.
Experimental studies were carried out in laboratory in order to investigate the effects of fracture on compressional (P) wave and shear (S) wave velocity propagation and therefore the relations between seismic properties and rock mass parameters. The discontinuity index, Id, fracture density parameter C, linear fracture parameter Γ and the rock quality designation (RQD) were used to describe the rock mass parameters. These parameters are analyzed and then related to the seismic properties. Four vertical aligned fractures were created on an intact calcarenite block, 0.6 m long, 0.4 m thick and 0.4 m width, by sawing. The measures were carried out in four different blocks of cacarenite, having the same physical properties, and in four different phases: in first block the fractures were filled with air; in the second block the fractures were filled with “terra rossa”; in third block the fractures were filled with wet “terra rossa” and in the fourth block the fractures were filled with clay. The test results were statistically analysed using the method of least squares regression and polynomial relationships with high correlation coefficient were found between the fractured rock parameters and P-wave, S-wave velocities and Vp/Vs ratio. The investigations suggest that the P-wave and S-wave velocities decrease with increasing the fracture parameters, while the Vp/Vs ratio increases with decreasing the fracture parameters.
Furthermore the results of the experimental studies were applied on the seismic refraction tomography data acquired in a great measurements campaign undertaken in the Adriatic salentina coast (south Italy) in order to monitor the coastal erosion.
The geophysical results, using the polynomial relationships between the fractured rock parameters and P-wave velocity, are in good agreement with the geomorphological and geological results. 相似文献
11.
A validation study of the distinct lattice spring model (DLSM) for wave propagation problems is performed. DLSM is a microstructure-based numerical model, which is meshless and has advantages in modelling dynamic problems where stress wave propagation is important. To verify the applicability of DLSM to modelling wave propagation through a discontinuous medium, the virtual wave source (VWS) method is used to obtain analytical solutions for wave propagation across a jointed rock mass. Numerical modelling results of the commercial code UDEC are selected as the reference. The effects of particle size and lattice rotation angle on wave propagation are first studied. Then, the results of wave transmission across a single joint with a different joint stiffness and across multiple parallel joints with different joint spacings are derived with DLSM, UDEC and VWS. These results are in good agreement with each other. Therefore, the capability of DLSM to model P-wave propagation across jointed rock mass is verified, which provides confidence for the further application of DLSM to modelling more complex problems. 相似文献
12.
JRC分形估测方法的实用性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于分形几何的码尺法分维数与岩石节理粗糙度系数的物理意义剖析，认为Ｄ－ＪＲＣ之间不存在必然的相关性．分析标准轮廓曲线的分维数，发现其分维数差级微小，难以实行粗糙度系数分级．根据实测资料阐述了岩石节理表面轮廓曲线的“自相似”是统计意义而不是绝对的，它要求ＪＲＣ分形估测应统计求取，而过繁的分维数测量步骤削弱了ＪＲＣ的分形统计估测的可行性．建立在实测资料统计分析基础上的ＪＲＣ尺寸效应分形模型ＪＲＣｎ＝ＪＲＣ０（Ｌｎ／Ｌ０）－Ｄ客观而真实地刻画了粗糙度系数随取样长度增大而降低的规律，其中，ＪＲＣ尺寸效应分维数（Ｄ）具明确的物理意义，它描述了ＪＲＣ随结构面规模增大而降低的衰减速率．最后，运用ＪＲＣ尺寸效应分维数（Ｄ）探讨了岩石节理粗糙度系数尺寸效应的各向异性规律． 相似文献
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14.
[摘 要] 目前,速度分析是声波全波列测井提取纵、横波速度的必要流程。本文介绍了井场中的声
波波形成分,提出了一种相似相关速度分析算法,并在其基础上深入研究了影响速度分析结果的关键因
素,如带通滤波,窗口宽度,总叠加时间,以及低速地层等等。通过讨论分析,给出了这些处理参数在速
度分析中的取值,它对精确提取岩石纵、横波速度有着重要的指导意义。 相似文献
15.
裂隙结构的存在对于工程岩体的强度和稳定性具有重要影响,岩石宏观裂隙的产生源自于微破裂的积累。针对岩体裂隙的粗糙特性,通过Matlab建立考虑粗糙度的节理模型（Roughness Joint Model）,采用简化的正弦曲线来表示粗糙节理,并将其导入到颗粒流试验模型中进行单轴压缩试验。对比完整岩体、直线型裂隙岩体、RJM岩体三者破坏的应力-应变曲线,改变裂隙倾角（与水平方向夹角）α,岩桥倾角β,裂隙密度γ,建立不同裂隙分布的断续节理岩体数值试样,开展一系列数值模拟试验。研究结果发现:（1）裂隙的存在明显降低了岩体的抗压强度,RJM模型峰值强度和峰值应变均高于直线型裂隙岩体;（2）岩体抗压强度总体上随裂隙倾角增大而增加,随裂隙密度增加而减小,但随岩桥倾角的改变呈非线性变化,岩桥倾角45°时峰值强度最低,峰值应变最小;（3）裂隙分布会影响岩体的破裂模式,微裂隙的扩展反映了岩体力学性质的各向异性;（4）不同倾角下增加裂隙密度,岩体强度下降程度不同,倾角75°时密度对强度影响最小,30°和60°时影响最大。 相似文献
16.
The joint frequency rating index accounts for 40% of the weight in the hundred-mark Rock Mass Rating 2014 (RMR14) classification system. However, owning to the natural variations of in-situ rock mass, this parameter is difficult for site engineers to obtain along the tunnel axis, especially in groundwater-rich conditions or prior to any disturbances made to rock mass. In this study, we propose an equivalent joint frequency, expressed quantitatively in terms of the ratio of the P-wave propagation velocity in the rock mass to that of the intact rocks, which is mainly based on engineering statistics easily obtained from the Chinese National Standard, GB/T 50218. We also explore a new rating method, based on field P-wave propagation velocity tests, for the joint frequency in the RMR14 classification system. Literature from in-situ databases is discussed to verify the applicability of the proposed rating method. The verifications demonstrate that, compared with the results of on-site parameters ratings as per the RMR classification system, the new rating method using P-wave propagation velocity can obtain a certain degree of accuracy. Hence, this enables the presentation of the primary state of integrity of an in-situ rock mass in accordance with the RMR14 classification system, through simple and non-destructive field P-wave velocity tests.
相似文献17.
横波速度对于地震模拟、AVO分析以及流体识别具有重要意义,实际测井数据中横波速度信息缺乏,因此横波速度预测已经成为岩石物理研究的一个焦点。综合Xu-White模型以及Pride模型,提出了一种新的用于计算干岩石模量的岩石物理模型。该模型综合考虑了孔隙形状和成岩作用对干岩石体积模量、剪切模量的影响,因此该模型更加合理并具有更高的精度。同时联合Gassmann理论,建立了饱和流体岩石的纵波、横波速度计算模型。将该模型成功地应用于实验室测量数据和实际测井数据的横波速度预测中,预测结果表明,基于本文提出的岩石物理模型的横波速度预测方法是行之有效的。 相似文献
18.
The propagation of elastic P-wave in unfavorable geologic structures is a complex process which contains reflex, transmission, and refraction. In this paper, the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method is introduced, and the viscous boundary condition and stress wave input way are applied to enable the DDA method to simulate the seismic dynamic response of underground rock mass. The improved DDA program is used to analyze the propagation laws of elastic P-wave in joints and weak interlayer. The results show that (1) for a range of joint stiffness, the difference of transmission coefficient of joint surface between DDA calculation and theoretical solution is small; (2) the lower the joint stiffness, the more obvious the attenuation of the elastic P-wave is; (3) varied joint spacing and joint number play different roles on the attenuation of elastic P-wave; (4) the DDA calculation result is consistent with the theoretical solution for the transmission coefficient of interface; (5) the thickness and elastic modulus of weak interlayer will affect the interference effect of multiple transmission waves; (6) with the increasing weak interlayer thickness H (or a), the attenuation of the elastic P-wave is more obvious; and (7) the lower the wave impedance ratio of weak interlayer, the more obvious the attenuation of the elastic P-wave is. 相似文献
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Two artificial neural network models for the prediction of elastic modulus of jointed rock mass from the elastic modulus of
corresponding intact rock and joint parameters have been demonstrated in this paper. The data collected from uniaxial and
triaxial compression tests on different rocks with different joint configurations and different confining pressure conditions,
reported in the literature are used as input for training the networks. Important joint properties like joint frequency, joint
inclination and roughness of joints are considered separately for making the network more versatile. Two different techniques
of artificial neural networks namely feed forward back propagation (FFBP) and radial basis function (RBF) are used to predict
the elastic modulus ratio. 相似文献