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1.
多维自仿射分布及其在地球化学中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
提出了多维自仿射分布的概念,指出多维自仿射分布是自仿射分形的数学基础,论证了多维自仿射分布在截尾条件下具有尺度不变的分形性质,交菜理论研究推广到多维情况。通过实例,说明多维自仿射分布在实际问题中的方法和步骤。并解释了分维数的实际意义。分维数是反映区域化变量在某方向变化程度的定量指标。该方法不仅适用于地球化学金元素和银元素数据,而且还适用于其它元素和地质数据,具有普遍的意义。 相似文献
2.
分形概念应用在地球科学中来刻画地质量和物体的自相似特征。研究表明分形模型常常提供有力工具来刻画地质量和物体的基本空间分布结构。本文提出了n维自仿射分形的检验与定量评定方法。通过实例，说明n维自仿射分形的方法在实际问题中的方法和步骤，并解释了分维数的实际意义。分维数足反映区域化变量在某方向变化程度的定量指标。该方法不仅适用于地球化学金元素和银元素数据，而且还适用于其他元素和地质数据，具有普遍的意义。 相似文献
3.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(4):125811
Geochemical exploration by stream sediment sampling using bulk leach extractable gold (BLEG) technique and applying concentration-number (C-N) fractal model, factor analysis (FA), and geochemical mineralization probability index (GMPI) resulted in the recognition of new Au occurrences around the Sukari gold mine in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt. The geochemical data of 128 stream sediment samples collected from the study area was used for delineating the geochemical anomalies and characterizing the dispersion trains of ore and associated elements (Au, Ag, As, Sb, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo). Statistical analysis of the geochemical data applying the C-N fractal modeling enabled us to identify significant anomaly and background populations of the investigated elements and to construct reliable geochemical anomaly maps. Factor analysis using centered log-ratios (CLR), to address the problem of closed compositional data, revealed significant element associations for mineralization (Au, As, Mo, Zn, Ba), country rock compositions (Rb, Li, Be, Sn, Bi for granite, and Co, Cr, Ni for mafic rocks), and element mobility (e.g. Sb, Zr, and Ag). Weak and moderate Au anomalies that cannot be detected by factor score maps can be delineated clearly by using the C-N fractal method and GMPI distribution map. Our study revealed that Ag, As, and Sb are the main pathfinder elements for gold mineralization in arid to semiarid regions exemplified by the Sukari gold district. Silver can be used as a “direct” pathfinder, whereas As and Sb are “indirect” pathfinders for Au in such regions. The spatial distribution of Au and Ag anomalies indicate that gold mineralization in the Sukari district is structurally controlled. However, the spatial distribution of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Mo is controlled by mineralogical and lithological factors and is not related to any significant base metal deposits. 相似文献
4.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(4):491-499
Separation of geochemical anomalies from background are one of the important steps in mineral exploration. The Khooni mineral district (Central Iran) has complex geochemical surface expression due to a complex geological background. This region was chosen as a study area for recognition of the spatial distribution of geochemical elements and separating anomalies from background using stream sediment geochemical data. In the past decades, geochemical anomalies have been identified by means of various methods. Some of these separation methods include: statistical analysis methods, spatial statistical methods and fractal and multi-fractal methods. In this article, two efficient methods, i.e. U-statistics and the fractal concentration-area for separation and detection of anomalous areas of the background were used. The U spatial statistic method is a weighted mean, which considers sampling point positions and their spatial relation in the estimation of anomaly location. Also, fractal and multi-fractal models have also been applied to separate anomalies from background values. In this paper, the concentration–area model (C–A) was suggested to separate the anomaly of background. For this purpose, about 256 stream sediment samples were collected and analyzed. Then anomaly maps of elements were generated based on U spatial statistics and the C-A fractal methods for Au, As and Sb elements. According to obtained results, the U-statistics method performed better than C-A method. Because the comparisons of the known deposits and occurrences against the anomalous area created using thresholds from U-statistics and C-A method show that the spatial U-statistics method hits all of 3 known deposits and occurrences, the C-A fractal method hits 1 and fails 2. In addition, the results showed that these methods with regard to spatial distribution and variability within neighboring samples, in addition to concentration value frequency distributions and correlation coefficients, have more accurate results than the traditional approaches. 相似文献
5.
The separation of anomalies from geochemical background is an important part of data analysis because lack of such identifications might have profound influence on or even distort the final analysis results. In this article, 1 672 geochemical analytical data of 11 elements, including Cu, Mo, Ag, Sn, and others, from a region within Tibet, South China, are used as one example. Together with the traditional anomaly recognition method of using the iterative mean ±2σ, local multifractality theory has been utilized to delineate the ranges of geochemical anomalies of the elements. To different degrees, on the basis of original data mapping, C-A fractal analysis and singularity exponents, Sn differs from the other 10 elements. Moreover, geochemical mapping results based on values of the multifractal asymmetry index for all elements delineate the highly anomalous area. Similar to other 10 elements, the anomalous areas of Sn delineated by the asymmetry index distribute along the main structure orientations. According to the asymmetry indexes, the 11 elements could be classified into 3 groups: (1) Ag and Au, (2) As-Sb-Cu-Pb-Zn-Mo, and (3) Sn-Bi-W.This paragenetic association of elements can be used to interpret possible origins of mineralization, which is in agreement with petrological analysis and field survey results. 相似文献
6.
老挝东南部矿产资源丰富,但第四系覆盖严重。为优选老挝东南部某多金属矿区的找矿靶区,在此地区开展了11万土壤地球化学测量工作。运用含量-频数分形、变异系数、剔除比率等理论和方法,首先对研究区内Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、Bi、As、Sb、Hg九种元素的测试数据进行了统计分析,显示出Pb-Au-As-Sb元素为研究区内有利成矿元素。然后对九种元素的测试数据进行因子分析,划分出了F 1元素组合(Pb-As-Sb),F 2元素组合(Cu-Zn)和单独的Au元素共三种元素组合。最后利用含量-频数分形法计算各元素的异常下限,绘制出单元素异常图,结合地质背景,共圈定三个靶区。对成矿潜力最大的A-1靶区进行了探槽验证,在TC-1探槽可见达到工业品位的明金。证明该异常为矿致异常,为今后在研究区及相邻地区找矿提供了有力的线索和依据。 相似文献
7.
广西贵港银山岭铅锌矿土壤地球化学找矿研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过在广西贵港银山岭开展1∶10 000地质简测工作和1∶10 000土壤剖面地球化学测量工作,总结了银山岭出露的地层、岩性、构造、围岩蚀变等地质特征,在此基础上,进行土壤地球化学找矿研究,得到以下认识:(1)微量元素参数统计表明,Pb、Zn、Ag元素含量相对较高,变化系数较大,易次生富集形成实质性的地球化学异常;(2)元素组合分析、元素分布型式、元素分形特征显示,Pb、Zn、Ag元素代表了主要成矿元素的次生富集组合,其分布范围广,离散度大,可作为找矿的主要指示元素;(3)综合地质和地球化学数据资料分析,在工作区发现了3个土壤地球化学异常块段,并对各个土壤地球化学异常进行解释评价,从而圈定找矿靶区,进一步提出了新的工作建议。 相似文献
8.
The spatial distribution of ore-forming elements is the result of interaction and influence among multiple factors in the process of mineralization, and is the specific embodiment of non-linearity and coupling of mineralization. The fractal theory has such functions as to characterize non-lineariry and coupling, and can find out the deterministic law from the complicated coupling process. The primary geochemical fractal distribution of metallogenic elements such as Cu and Au possesses the characteristics of multi-fractal distribution in the Dehelongwa copper-gold deposit. Copper follows 2-d fractal distribution, and Au follows 3- or 4-d fractal distribution. The primary geo- chemical fractal distribution has a certain similarity on the same prospecting line, and this similarity is not obvious among different prospecting lines. The secondary geochemical fractal distribution of Cu and Au is higher in similar- ity, and simpler than the primary geochemical fractal distribution. These results show that the mineralization of Cu and Au is out of sync and also is inconsistent in this deposit, and the mineralization of Cu mainly experienced two mineralization stages, while the mineralization of Au experienced three to four mineralization stages. Besides the mineralization of Cu and Au shows a certain direction and along the strike of vertical orebodies it is relatively bal- anced. While along the strike of the ore bodies the mineralization of Cu and Au shows a significant difference. The hypergenic geologic process has a certain effect on the balance of spatial distribution of Cu and Au. From these it can be seen that the mineralization process of this deposit is well characterized by the geochemical fractal distribu- tion of Cu and Au. 相似文献
9.
分形不变分布及其在山东地区金矿床中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
自相似性(标度不变性)是地学中的一个普遍现象。研究表明,地球化学元素含量、矿床储量规模及其空间分布具有分形结构。分形不变分布的特点要求大于某一尺度物体的数目与物体大小之间存在幂指数关系。论证了幂函数分布、帕累托分布、对数正态分布和齐波夫定律在一定条件下具有分形不变性质,它们是分形模型的数学基础。基于分形模型,用求和方法确定中国山东省金地球化学元素异常值范围。等值线大于或等于金地球化学元素临界值(200×10-9)围成的异常面积包含了已知的大型、超大型金矿床。 相似文献
10.
成矿预测数据统计方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用统计方法对已有数据进行处理,进而推断其内部规律,并据此进行隐伏矿体定位仍是成矿预测的主流。从数学理论分析角度,讨论多元统计、地质统计分析、分形和随机过程等多种方法的数学表述及其物理内涵,并分析了这些方法及其分支的内在联系。针对数学方法的特点与地质数据的属性,提出了Weibull分布模型、自仿射分形和随机点过程分析是成矿预测领域较有应用前景的方法;多种传统方法相互配合使用,不但有利于数据集的深度挖掘,还会促进更有效的数学工具的开发。给出了Weibull分布与分形模型的配合使用有效描述胶东矿集区大尹格庄金矿成矿元素分布的应用实例。 相似文献
11.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2019,79(2):323-336
Delineation of mineralization-related geochemical anomalies of stream sediment data is an essential stage in regional geochemical exploration. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 12 selected elements to acquire a multi-element geochemical signature associated with Cu-Au mineralization in Feizabad district, NE Iran. The spatial distribution of enhanced multi-element geochemical signature of the second component (PC2) was modeled by different geostatistical procedures including variogram calculation, ordinary kriging (OK) and inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation techniques. Concentration-area (C-A) fractal and U-spatial statistics models were then applied to the continuous-value interpolated models for delineation of geochemical anomalies. Quantitative comparison of results based on the known mineral occurrences in the study area was carried out using normalized density index and success-rate curves. All generated models represent a high positive relation with known Cu (±Au) deposits in the study area, although, comparison of the results revealed that the OK-based U-spatial statistics model was superior to the rest of models. Besides, the low, moderate and high-intensity anomalies are spatially associated with geological-structural features in the study area. 相似文献
12.
多维分形模型不仅采用常规的低阶矩统计, 而且采用高阶矩统计对多维分形分布进行度量, 从而能较细致地刻划正常值以及异常值.地球化学元素的正常值往往服从统计学中的大数定量, 即满足正态分布或对数正态分布, 然而异常值会服从分形分布(Preato).介绍了多维分形领域中的最新发展以及在地球化学研究中特别是研究超常元素空间分布和富集规律中的应用.结果表明, 通常的统计方法只对应于多维分形围绕均值周围的局部特征.为了有效地研究异常值的分布和富集规律, 建议采用高阶矩统计方法和多维分形方法, 并给出了两种分析地球化学元素, 并突出异常值贡献的方法.这些方法不仅可应用于研究微量元素的空间分布和富集规律, 而且可以区分地球化学背景与矿化有关的异常值.还介绍了该方法在对加拿大B.C.省西北部Mitchell-Sulphurets地区金铜矿化蚀变带研究中的应用. 相似文献
13.
基于MAPGIS的分形方法确定化探异常 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24
地球化学元素的异常下限值确定是地球化学中重要的问题之一,目前还没有一个令人满意的具有科学依据的计算方法。传统的化探异常下限值计算是基于元素的地球化学分布呈正态分布或元素含量在空间上呈连续的变化这一假设为基础的,而事实上地球化学元素含量的空间分布是极其复杂的,研究表明,地球化学景观可能是一个具有低维吸引子的混沌系统,元素的地球化学背景值和异常具有各自独立的幂指数关系,由此导致了一种多重分形分布,因而可以利用元素的分形分布求出其异常下限。利用元素的分形分布求异常下限的几种常用方法均是以求取不同尺度r下,对应的N(r)数。如果用手工统计方法计算,计算过程简单但繁琐,地理信息系统((}IS)可以实现图形单元的动态查询和属性统计,这种特性很适合于统计不同尺度r下对应的N(r),因此,可以将分形方法与地理信息系统加以结合,在CIS平台上对地学图形和属性信息进行分析及统计处理,将原来比较繁杂的分形计算操作变得方便简捷,易于实现。本文以武汉中地信息公司开发的．MAPGIS地理信息系统为例,对河北某地1：5万Cu元素化探数据进行了处理,具体说明了以MAPGIS为工具,利用分形方法求取元素化探异常下限的过程,并将计算结果与传统异常下限计算方法所得的结果进行了对比,所得的异常下限值相近或一致,但由于传统的计算方法不仅要求对原始数据进行预处理,而且在下限值的确定上需要结合本地区的实际地质情况确定,因此人为干扰因素较大,而利用基于MAPGIS的分形方法计算元素异常下限值不仅操作简单,而且计算时由于不受元素特高值的影响,因而不用对原始数据进行预处理,人为干扰因素较少。通过对比得知该方法在实践工作中可行。 相似文献
14.
分形求和法及其在地球化学数据分组中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
申维 《物探化探计算技术》2007,29(2):134-137
分形建模广泛地应用于具有自相似性不同尺度测量的地质现象空间分布特征。分形分布的特点要求大于等于某一尺度的数目,与物体大小之间存在幂函数关系,这种关系具有尺度不变性。这里提出的分形求和法可以确定地球化学数据分组界限。应用澳大利亚新南威尔士东北地区汇水沉积物地球化学数据,采用分形求和法确定其分组界限,并与传统的概率图模型结果进行比较。铜(Cu)元素数据划分二个部分,一部分是元素含量少于20 ppm的正态分布数据,另一部分是元素含量大于20 ppm的多个对数正态分布数据,能识别第三纪玄武岩区域和铜的主要矿化区。这一结论与使用传统的概率图模型方法得到的结论一致。该方法不仅适用于地球化学铜元素数据,而且还适用于其它元素和地质数据,具有普遍的意义。 相似文献
15.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(4):125830
Increasing the prediction rate in the identification of mineralization zones using the stream sediment geochemical data is an essential issue in the regional exploration stage. The various univariate (such as fractal and probability plot (PP) methods) and multivariate methods (such as principal component analysis (PCA)) have been performed for interpreting the geochemical data and detecting the mineralization areas. In this study, a new geochemical criterion named geochemical anomaly intensity index (GAII) was proposed for geochemical anomaly mapping. This approach was developed based on the PCA method and the catchment basin coefficient (CBC). The GAII as a weighted geochemical index is calculated using the mineralization principal component (MPC) scores and CBC. GAII can be mapped and utilized for geochemical anomaly mapping and detecting the mineralization areas. Besides, GAII can identify paragenesis elements better than the current methods. In this research, GAII was successfully used to generate geochemical anomaly maps on shear zone gold mineralization in the southwest of Saqqez, NW Iran. The geochemical data have been divided into three groups based on catchment basins and the host rock type. Then the MPCs and paragenesis elements of Au mineralization have been obtained individually using PCA. Three mineralization paragenesis groups consisting of (Au, Sn), (Au, W), and (Au, As, Sb and Ba) have been recognized for different catchment basins of the southwest of Saqqez district using PCA. GAII was calculated and mapped based on the CBC(Au, Sn), CBC(Au, W), CBC(Au, As, Sb, Ba), and their MPC scores. GAII accurately detected the Au mineralization zones and improved the geochemical anomaly map in this area compared to the PP method, concentration-area fractal model, and U-spatial statistics method. The results demonstrated that GAII was successfully used for (a) identifying the mineralization paragenesis elements, (b) intensifying the geochemical anomaly, and (c) increasing the prediction rate of mineralization zones. The shear zone gold mineralization areas in the southwest of Saqqez district were effectively detected using this new data analysis approach. GAII has provided better results than the current PP method, concentration-area fractal model, and U-spatial statistics method. 相似文献
16.
岩石断裂表面的分形模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据岩石断裂表面粗糙度所具有的统计自仿射分形的特征,提出了改进的自仿射分形插值的概念。运用改进的自仿射分形插值方法,根据实测岩石断裂表面粗糙度数据,对岩石断裂表面粗糙形态进行了分形模拟,给出了二元分形插值数学模型。将以不同数量的观测数据模拟出的插值曲面与实际测量的岩石断裂表面相比较,得出了不同数量信息点的模拟精度,它们之间的关系曲线显示为幂函数关系的规律。这就意味着不仅可以得到模拟结果,还可以得到模拟结果的估计精度。运用少量已知数据值,模拟出未知曲面,给出了由局部模拟整体的方法这对于根据少量数据研究、模拟和直观显示复杂物体的几何形态,如地形地貌、断层表面和材料裂隙表面,具有重要的应用意义。 相似文献
17.
在提取东昆仑东段都兰地区11个1:2.5万地球化学测量项目16种共同测试元素原始数据的基础上,进行了数理指标及多元统计分析,以期从整体角度为该区寻找原生矿床及后期研究提供表生地球化学依据。分析显示：Au元素以强丰度背景拟合值、高剔除比率、高离散分布特征、强叠加值为特征,为区内主要的成矿元素,其次As、Sb、Cu、Ni、Cr、Co、Ag、Pb、Zn等元素丰度背景拟合值与剔除比率高,高强数据多,可作为第二类成矿元素;高温热液元素为背景的稀有稀土元素组合,浓集系数、丰度背景拟合值均表现为富集曲线,但变异系数与叠加作用较弱,可作为第三类成矿元素。通过多元统计分析,将全区元素划分为Ag-Zn-Pb、Cr-Co-Ni-Cu、Y-La-Sn、As-Mo-Sb、Au、W-Bi等六类,并且由各元素的因子得分极值绘制了地球化学分区图,从表生地球化学角度阐明了有利的成矿区段。 相似文献
18.
化探异常信息识别是化探数据分析最重要的任务之一, 也是化探数据在资源勘查领域受到广泛关注的最重要原因, 前人对化探异常信息识别做过大量研究, 这些研究中的大多数主要关注化探示踪元素的含量, 近而根据含量指标计算异常阈值, 而对示踪元素在空间中的分布特征关注较少。本文选择 1: 20万比例尺的克拉玛依幅为研究区, 根据区内金矿的矿床地球化学特征选择Ag、As、Au和Sb等4种元素为本区内金矿的示踪元素, 以地球化学元素分散晕形成理论为依据, 使用GIS技术和Matlab软件绘制研究区内4种金矿示踪元素的综合地球化学异常图。结果表明, 与传统阈值方法得到的化探异常图相比, 本文得到的化探异常图能够更好地指示研究区内已知金矿。 相似文献
19.
钦-杭结合带南段庞西垌地区Ag-Au致矿地球化学异常信息识别与提取 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于分形与多重分形理论的非线性化探数据处理方法及以空间加权主成分分析模型为代表的地学多源信息融合技术,为致矿地球化学异常信息的识别和提取提供了有力的工具。本文以钦-杭结合带南段庞西垌地区1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学数据为例,研究如何综合运用多重分形局部奇异性与空间加权主成分分析这两种地学信息处理方法来识别和提取致矿地球化学异常信息。首先,采用滑动窗口的方法绘制了研究区与银金矿化关系密切的五种地球化学元素Au、Ag、Cu、Pb和Zn的局部奇异性指数图以增强局部弱缓异常信息。然后,在控矿条件分析的基础上,运用北东向断裂构造这一重要控矿要素对Ag-Au成矿作用的影响范围,即距离北东向断裂的距离,作为应变量来构建用于空间加权主成分分析的空间权重系数的计算模型,以此来突显化探样品在控矿地质条件约束下的空间相关性。进而,采用空间加权主成分分析方法来得到Au、Ag、Cu、Pb和Zn多元素奇异性指数值的组合异常(第一主成分因子得分)。结果表明:综合运用多重分形局部奇异性与空间加权主成分分析方法可以有效的识别和提取Ag-Au致矿地球化学异常信息,圈定具有示矿意义的多元素组合异常区。 相似文献
20.
The Bayesian approach is an effective method of identifying the probability of mineralogical and geochemical type (MGT) mineralization of trace elements in galena, pyrite and other distributions in ore mineralization. Monomineralic samples have been identified using a computer-based Bayesian method and exploration geochemical techniques of Au deposits for MGT. In order to employ the method, a data bank was used consisting of the results of analysis of more than 12,000 monomineralic samples collected from the main hydrothermal Au deposits in Tajikistan (a territory of CIS). The Bayesian approach applied to geochemical data, such as posterior probabilities and discriminant analysis, provide numerical and graphical means through which the relationships between the trace elements and samples can be studied. The method used here, along with GIS, to find MGT can be used as geochemical indicators of regions with Au mineralization. The results of analyzing 100 monomineralic samples of pyrite from the Au–Ag Shkolnoe deposit (Tajikistan) show a multi-MGT anomaly superposition which is a combination of three MGT: (1) Au–Ag type (85% and more), (2) Au–sulfide-polymetallic type (46%), and (3) Au–sulfide type (40%). Mineralogical and geochemical maps (MGM) can be drawn based on results of MGT anomalies in a GIS environment. These maps can replace traditional metallogenic maps. The advantage of MGM substitutions is that a qualitative tool is replaced by a quantitative one. This helps one to make optimal managerial and more economical decisions. 相似文献