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储层隔夹层研究是揭示油藏非均质性的不可缺少的组成部分,特别是油田开发至高、特高含水期,储层隔夹层的类型、分布等对剩余油的分布具有重要的控制作用。河流相储层隔夹层从成因上可分为沉积作用形成的隔夹层和成岩作用形成的隔夹层两大类型。沉积作用形成的隔夹层是指在沉积过程中形成的粒度相对较细、孔隙度较低、渗透率较小的岩层或界面,河流相储层中如点砂坝侧积层、河道砂体细粒微相等。成岩作用形成的隔夹层是在成岩过程中因钙质胶结而形成的,此类隔夹层分布零星,横向预测难,其分布受到沉积微相及断层的控制。点砂坝是河流相储层的主体,点砂坝侧积层是河流相储层中一类重要的隔夹层,因此着重研究了河流相储层中点砂坝的沉积模式及构型要素,它们控制着点砂坝砂体中隔夹层的分布。 相似文献
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厚层块状碳酸盐岩储层垂向非均质性强,层间产液不均衡。为明确储层和隔夹层形成机理和展布规律,以中东A油田白垩系Mishrif组为例,在层序格架的控制下,研究沉积作用和成岩作用对岩石物性的影响。结果表明：Mishrif组内部发育6个四级层序旋回,海平面升降控制了沉积环境演变,并对早期成岩环境具有重要的影响,根据水体能量和成岩作用性质可分为5种沉积—成岩组合：（1）高能沉积环境+建设性成岩作用,滩体发生非选择性溶蚀作用,大幅提高岩石物性形成优质储层;（2）高能沉积环境+破坏性成岩作用,滩体发生不同程度的胶结作用,降低岩石原始物性形成差储层或物性隔夹层,物性隔夹层隐蔽性强,识别困难,加剧了储层的非均值性;（3）低能沉积环境+建设性成岩作用,潟湖、开阔浅海及滩后发生选择性溶蚀和白云化作用,有效改善岩石物性,主要形成差储层;（4）低能沉积环境+破坏性成岩作用,潮湿气候条件下,潟湖相岩石发生压实作用和胶结作用,层序顶部发育炭质泥岩,形成暴露胶结炭化带。干旱和潮湿气候交替条件下,潟湖相岩石遭受多期风化—淋滤,形成致密胶结的角砾岩;该类沉积—成岩组合通常形成于低位体系域,形成稳定分布隔夹层;（5）低能沉积环境+弱成岩作用,岩石原始物性较差,灰泥含量高,后期未发生明显的成岩改造,多形成岩性隔夹层。Mishrif组在多期层序旋回控制下,沉积—成岩组合不断变化,物性隔夹层主要分布在优质储层内部,厚度较薄,规模较小,分布不稳定;岩性隔夹层与差储层相伴生,不同环境中的岩性隔夹层分布稳定性差异较大,致密胶结带通常分布稳定,将地层划分为不同的开发层系。 相似文献
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Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层是波斯湾盆地最主要的储集层之一,储层岩石类型主要为礁滩相生物礁灰岩、生屑灰岩和含生屑泥灰岩,储集空间主要为粒间(溶)孔、晶间(溶)孔、铸模孔、表生期组构选择性溶蚀孔洞和基质微孔。储层多呈层状展布,横向上连续,边界受沉积相带约束; 纵向上发育多套致密隔夹层,呈强非均质性。储层发育与保存主要受沉积作用、成岩作用和构造作用影响。碳酸盐岩缓坡背景下发育的生物礁和生屑滩空间分布受盆地基底古构造格局控制,是优质储层分布相带。相对海平面升降旋回控制相带迁移和成岩作用差异,导致优质孔渗层与致密隔夹层交互发育。构造圈闭发育与油气充注时间的耦合有效抑制压实作用和胶结作用对储层的破坏,是储层得以保存的有利因素。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2017,(3)
通过岩心、薄片和压汞等资料的综合分析,划分并研究了伊拉克西古尔纳油田白垩系Mishrif组孔隙型碳酸盐岩储集层类型及特征,并从层序地层、沉积相和成岩作用角度分析了储层的主控因素和分布特点。研究结果表明:研究区储集层可以划分为高孔高渗型、高孔中渗型、高孔低渗型、中孔低渗型和低孔低渗型5种类型。由高孔高渗型到低孔低渗型储层中值压力和排驱压力依次升高,物性逐渐变差。储层类型受到层序地层、沉积相和成岩作用的控制。海侵体系域和早期高位体系域以低渗储层为主,最大海泛面时期发育低孔低渗型储层,晚期高位体系域发育高孔高渗型储层;开阔陆棚相多发育高孔低渗型储层,台地前缘斜坡相和开阔台地相发育中孔低渗型储层,台地边缘礁滩相能量高,发育高孔高渗型储层,局限台地相发育低孔低渗型储层;溶蚀作用对储层物性影响最大,从高孔高渗型储层到低孔低渗型储层,溶蚀作用逐渐减弱,孔渗性逐渐变差。 相似文献
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王彩萍 《西安地质学院学报》2010,(2):161-165
位于鄂尔多斯盆地的直罗油田三叠系延长组长6油层组为近年来新开发的一个主力油气产层。岩石学和成岩作用特征研究表明,直罗油田长6油层组以细粒长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,砂岩经历了机械压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用等成岩作用,成岩作用处于晚成岩阶段A期。成岩作用控制了储层砂岩孔隙发育特征,其中压实作用与胶结作用是导致储层超低渗的主导因素,而次生溶蚀孔隙的形成对储层砂岩物性具有一定改造作用,并控制了该区长6油层组相对高孔高渗储层的展布特征。 相似文献
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《地学前缘》2017,(5):328-338
滨岸相砂岩储层发育薄层隔夹层,由于测井垂向分辨率和薄层效应的影响,用于识别不同类型隔夹层的关键测井参数的数值范围部分重合,使常用测井识别方法面临困难。针对这一问题,本研究在多口井岩心观察描述的基础上,基于常规测井资料、岩心实验分析资料,创新性采用"三端员定型"法识别三类隔夹层:钙质隔夹层、泥灰质隔夹层和泥质隔夹层。不同类型隔夹层在图版上不仅能有效区分,同时还能反映出钙质含量、泥质含量变化对隔夹层物性的影响。依据隔夹层识别结果,将研究区隔夹层垂向上分为4种接触关系:单一型、渐变型、突变型和多峰型;平面上分为4种分布模式:片状大面积分布型、突变接触型、渐变接触型和随机分布型,明确了隔夹层的发育特征。研究认为,垂直渗透率与钙质含量具有正相关性,与泥质含量相关性差;应用产量控制系数C(与隔夹层厚度和垂直渗透率相关)论证了具有一定厚度的隔夹层对产量的控制能力按泥质隔夹层、泥灰质隔夹层、钙质隔夹层顺序依次增强,因此钙质隔夹层在研究区对油水垂向运动的影响最大。研究成果对滨岸相砂岩储层油田开发后期剩余油挖潜及制订开发调整方案具有重要意义。 相似文献
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伊拉克哈勒法耶油田Mishrif组滩相储层发育,是研究区内最主要的产油层位。利用岩心、薄片、测井资料对Mishrif组沉积相进行了研究,结果表明该组发育局限台地、开阔台地、台内洼地和台地边缘4种沉积相,滩相储层主要发育在开阔台地和台地边缘相带。并综合利用铸体薄片、物性实验数据及压汞曲线等资料对滩相储层特征和成因进行了分析。滩相储层岩石类型多样,发育生屑灰岩、生屑泥粒/粒泥灰岩、砂屑灰岩等多种岩石类型,岩石颗粒较粗。孔隙类型多样,主要以铸模孔、粒间孔、溶孔和体腔孔为主,其中以粒间孔和铸模孔发育最为广泛。各类滩相储层孔隙度较高,渗透率差异明显,平均渗透率为(2.35~139.17)×10~(-3)μm~2。整体孔隙结构较好,排驱压力较低,大喉道较为发育。滩相储层发育受沉积环境控制和成岩作用改造程度影响,有利的沉积条件是滩相储层原生孔隙发育的基础,同生期溶蚀作用的改造形成大量次生孔隙,从而提高了储层的储集性能。 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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A. A. Peyve 《Geotectonics》2010,44(1):60-75
The magmatic and tectonic activity of eastern South America and the western South Atlantic shows that extension of the continental
crust is the determinant factor of magmatism. Heating of the upper mantle is a necessary condition of its manifestation. Ascending
plume material is a source of additional heat. In the Early Mesozoic, Eastern Brazil was situated above a large, ascending
and probably ramifying plume, which has supplied heat and material since the Triassic, creating favorable conditions for continental
magmatism. Magmatic activity continued, gradually waning, until the Neogene as evidence for long-term retention of heat energy
beneath the continental lithosphere after the plume ascent. It has been shown that heated mantle material can be displaced
from the continent to the ocean for a significant distance beneath the lithosphere with the formation of linear tectonomagmatic
rises of the oceanic crust. The structural elements inherited certain directions on the continent and in the ocean, beginning
from the Neoproterozoic. These directions were reactivated and continued to control the younger structural grain and magmatic
activity. In Southeastern Brazil, these were the structural units striking in the southeastern (about 120° SE) and northeastern
directions parallel to the continent-ocean boundary. In Northeastern Brazil, the W-E- and N—S-trending structural units are
predominant. All these directions are manifested in oceanic structural units (Rio Grande, Vitória-Trindadi, Fernando de Noronha,
Pernambuco rises, etc.). 相似文献
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Variations of the tree line and glaciers in the Central and Eastern Altai regions in the Holocene 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Variations in the tree line position and glacier activity in the Central and Eastern Altai regions in the Holocene were reconstructed on the basis of analysis of sixty radiocarbon and eighteen dendrochronological dates. The tree line was higher than now in the Early and Middle Holocene, and the climate was warmer and, likely, more humid. Glaciers advanced in the forests 300, 1400, and 3000–6000 years ago. In the last millennium the forest decline at the upper tree limit occurred in 1206–1256, 1445–1501, and 1642–1736. 相似文献
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微亮晶（臼齿）碳酸盐成因及其在元古宙地球演化中的意义 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
本文应用多种技术方法,对微亮晶碳酸盐岩的成岩作用及其成因从宏观至微观进行了分析。根据岩石矿物学、地球化学和有机地球化学等研究证明,它是早期成岩过程中,在超高压的大气 CO_2,水平急剧下降的转折期,快速石化作用形成的具等粒结构μm级的微亮晶方解石集合体。MT 碳酸盐岩微亮晶成岩作用有两种类型:一是主要发生在海底沉积软泥中,在其底基质软泥中经差异压实作用形成褶皱肠状及复杂形的 MT 构造;二是直接在海水中或重力流搬运过程中形成的微亮晶球粒(核)。简言之,MT 碳酸盐岩石是在地球早期浅海环境下,由于微生物自养作用形成的地球化学成因产物。微亮晶碳酸盐岩是约束古大气圈和古海洋环境变化的最灵敏标志。通过详测 MT 丰度值和编制地球古大气圈 CO_2水平演化模式等,在前寒武纪发现有太古宙末期、早元古宙末期、中元古宙中期和新元古宙早-中期四个 MT 碳酸盐岩发育高峰值期,证明全球古大气圈 CO_2水平发生过四次不连续性、跳跃式下降周期,直到晚新元古宙未,全球雪球事件的发生,导致了 MT 碳酸盐岩的消失。其后,才进入显生宙的 CO_2低水平状态。MT 碳酸盐岩具有重要的油气资源远景,应予以重视。 相似文献
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V.A. Kashirtsev T.M. Parfenova A.K. Golovko B.L. Nikitenko I.N. Zueva O.N. Chalaya 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(10):1380-1388
The composition and distribution of phenanthrenes (polyaromatic compounds) have been studied in chloroform extracts from dispersed organic matter (OM) of clayey, siliceous, carbonate, and terrigenous rocks of different ages and facies and from some oils of the Siberian Platform. Phenanthrenes have been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. High contents of 1,7,8-trimethylphenanthrene and 1,1,7,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene are present in the OM of Vendian and Cambrian carbonate-shale deposits and in ancient oils of the Nepa-Botuobiya and Anabar anteclises. The OM of Permian continental deposits and oils of the Vilyui syneclise is dominated by 1-methyl-7-isopropylphenanthrene (retene). A triangular diagram for identification of the types of original OM of rocks and classification of genetically related oils has been constructed based on the assessment of phenanthrene biomarker distribution. Putative pathways of the formation of phenanthrene biomarkers are discussed. 相似文献
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Diamond crystallization in the Fe-Co-S-C and Fe-Ni-S-C systems and the role of sulfide-metal melts in the genesis of diamond 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. I. Zhimulev A. I. Chepurov E. F. Sinyakova V. M. Sonin A. A. Chepurov N. P. Pokhilenko 《Geochemistry International》2012,50(3):205-216
Diamond crystals 0.1–0.8 carats were synthesized in experiments conducted in a BARS split-sphere multianvil high-pressure
apparatus in the systems Fe-Co-S-C and Fe-Ni-S-C at a pressure of 5.5 GPa and temperature of 1300°C. The microtextures of
the samples and the phases accompanying diamond (carbides, graphite, monoslufide solid solution, pentlandite, and taenite)
are examined in much detail, the properties of metal-sulfide-carbon alloys are discussed, and issues related to the genesis
of sulfide inclusions in diamonds and graphite crystallization in the diamond stability field are considered. The experiments
demonstrate that diamonds can be synthesized and grow in pre-eutectic metal-sulfide melts with up to 14 wt % sulfur at relatively
low P-T parameters, which correspond to the probable temperatures and pressures of natural diamond-forming processes at depths of
approximately 150 km in the Earth’s upper mantle. 相似文献
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我国中西部前陆盆地的特殊性和多样性及其天然气勘探 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对我国中西部前陆盆地构造特征、大地构造背景、地球物理特征的理论研究和典型前陆盆地的详细解析,系统分析了我国中西部前陆盆地的发育特征和特殊性。强调晚二叠世以来大小不一、形态各异的多块体小型克拉通的聚合碰撞作用是导致中西部前陆盆地群形成的基本动力学过程：这些小型克拉通的多块体聚合碰撞造就了中西部前陆盆地的特殊性和多样性。同时,明确提出中西部盆地的基本特点是“两期三类前陆盆地”,即海西一印支期前陆盆地和喜山期前陆盆地,三类指海西一印支期的周缘前陆盆地和弧后前陆盆地、喜山期再生前陆盆地。根据前陆盆地的盆地结构和演化特征,又将中西部的前陆盆地划分为4种组合形式,即叠合型组合、改造型组合、早衰型组合和新生型组合。综合论述了不同时期不同类型前陆盆地构造对天然气聚集的五大控制作用。 相似文献
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