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1.
通过对比分析无棣海盐产量和温度、光照、蒸发量等气象因子的年、月际变化特征，发现海盐产量与气象因子的关系密切：与温度、光照、风、蒸发量明显正相关，与降水、相对湿度为负相关；海盐月平均产量与月平均净蒸发量的月分布特征最为接近，7月降水峰值出现后海盐月产量急剧下降，印证了蒸发量与降水是影响海盐年产量最主要的气象因素。高蒸发总量、特别是3—6月的高蒸发量对海盐高年产量的形成非常有利；降水量降水日数、连阴雨日数、暴雨日数及不同的降水性质对海盐年产量也有影响，风暴潮的发生会使当年及次年海盐年产量大幅减少。 相似文献
2.
气候变化对徐闻盐场海盐生产的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据徐闻盐场气象站近41年观测资料,对盐场的气候特征、主要气象要素的变化趋势及其对海盐产量的影响进行了分析。结果得出年平均气温呈显著上升趋势(0.14×℃/10年),年蒸发量和年平均风速呈显著下降趋势,倾向率分别为-129.1 mm/10年与-0.46(m.s-1/10年)。年降水量以波动变化为主,年日照时间无显著趋势性变化。蒸发量变化是影响原盐产量的最主要因素。海盐生产旺季(4~8月)的盐产量与蒸发量、日照时间存在显著正相关,与降水量呈现负相关。若未来气候继续变暖,热带气旋影响不增多,对海盐生产可能有利。 相似文献
3.
盐业生产和气象要素紧密相关,尤其是和蒸发量的关系更为密切。生产的全过程都要充分地利用蒸发量,从而增加产量,提高质量。个盐场海盐生产情况的好与坏。经济效益的大与小,很大程度上是取决于对蒸发量的利用情况。 相似文献
4.
利用北海竹林盐场的产量资料和广西区海洋气象台的气象资料，分析了北海目前海盐生产的状况，盐产量与气象条件的关系以及北海的气候状况，指出北海具有丰富的海盐生产的原料资源和气候资源，并提出了增加海盐产量的几点措施，为北海充分利用气候资源，大力发展海盐生产提供了可参考的科学依据 相似文献
5.
利用北海竹林盐场的产量资料和广西区海洋气象台的气象资料，分析了北海目前海盐生产的状况，盐产量与气象条件的关系以及北海的气候状况，指出北海具有丰富的海盐生产的原料资源和气候资源，并提出了增加海盐产量的几点措施，为北海充分利用气候资源，大力发展海盐生产提供了可参考的科学依据 相似文献
6.
1前言辽宁盐区是全国北方四大海盐区之一,包括锦州、营口、复州湾、金州、皮化和旅顺六个盐场。其中规模最大的是大化集团复州湾盐场。营口盐场位居第二。海盐生产的全过程是在露天条件下进行的,每种生产工艺都与气象因素密切相关,每道生产工序和具体操作环节也都直接受到天气变化的影响与制约,而暴风灾害性天气对海盐生产的影响更是至关重要。这类灾害性天气过程预报的准确与否对提高海盐的质量、产量和降低生产成本起举足轻重的作用。2暴风雪天气的分析暴风雪天气的定义为：大于等于10mm的降雪且伴有大于等于7级的大风天气。2．1暴风… 相似文献
7.
本文分析了福建季风气候条件与海盐生产季节性的关系;各年气象条件与海盐产量的关系,以及如何根据气象条件制定生产计划,防御气象灾害等问题。 相似文献
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9.
海盐生产的每一道工序都在露天下进行,受天气变化影响很大。尤其是关键性、灾害性和转折性的天气过程,与海盐生产有着极为密切的关系。这“三性”天气过程预报准确率的高与低,时效的长与短, 相似文献
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11.
Lutz Hasse 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1992,61(3):309-313
The effect of spray droplets in the marine surface layer on evaporation is considered. Independent evidence from energy constraints, from visibility and from sea salt content of air is used. The estimation shows that, except perhaps for hurricane wind strength, the increase of total evaporation from evaporating droplets is negligible. This is in agreement with recent experimental evidence. 相似文献
12.
To examine effects of sea spray evaporation and dissipative heating on structure and intensity of a real tropical cyclone,the sea spray flux parameterization scheme was incorporated into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model(MM5).Sensitivity tests were performed with varying the spray source function intensities and with and without dissipation heating.The numerical results indicate that sea spray evaporation increases the interfacial sensible heat flux,which is increased by 16% for the moderate spray and 47% for the heavy spray,but has little effect on the interfacial latent heat flux.The net effect of sea spray evaporation is to decrease the total sensible heat flux and to increase the total latent heat flux.The total enthalpy flux is increased by 1% and 12% with moderate and strong spray amounts,respectively.Consistent with these results,the intensity of the tropical cyclone is increased by 5% and 16% in maximum 10-m wind speed,respectively,due to sea spray evaporation.Sea spray evaporation and dissipative heating modify the tropical cyclone structure in important but complex ways.The effect of sea spray on the near-surface temperature and moisture depends on the spray amounts and its location within the tropical cyclone.Within the high-wind region of a tropical cyclone,the lower atmosphere becomes cooler and moister due to the evaporation of sea spray.However,the dissipative heating offsets the cooling due to sea spray evaporation,which makes the lower atmosphere warmer. 相似文献
13.
浓雾不仅严重威胁着航空运行安全,而且导致的航班延误和取消亦给航空公司和社会经济效益带来巨大损失,因此开展机场爆发性浓雾的研究具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。利用常规气象观测资料、ECMWF细网格精细化数值预报产品(简称EC)和NCEP全球再分析资料,对2016年4月16日21:03—17日8:13(北京时)发生在厦门机场的一次爆发性浓雾天气过程进行分析,结果表明:海风和地面长波辐射为本次浓雾爆发性形成提供主要热力冷却条件。雾前10 min海风风速的突增使空气过饱和度增大,促使了雾的生成和爆发性增长。潮湿土壤的蒸发提供了充足水汽,也是雾第二次爆发性增长的直接原因。850 hPa以下显著增温增湿和700 hPa下沉运动维持了贴地强逆温,为雾爆发性形成提供了极稳定的层结条件。EC对此次浓雾形成的重要因子预报能力差异较大,虽然能准确预报海风的形成和机场入夜后云量的骤减,但对于海风预报的稳定性有待提高。 相似文献
14.
K. Arpe S. A. G. Leroy F. Wetterhall V. Khan S. Hagemann H. Lahijani 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,117(1-2):41-60
The hydrological budget of the Caspian Sea (CS) is investigated using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis (ERAi) and seasonal forecast (FCST) data with the aim of predicting the Caspian Sea Level (CSL) some months ahead. Precipitation and evaporation are used. After precipitation events over the Volga River, the discharge (Volga River discharge (VRD)) follows with delays, which are parameterized. The components of the water budget from ERAi and FCSTs are integrated to obtain time series of the CSL. Observations of the CSL and the VRD are used for comparison and tuning. The quality of ERAi data is sufficiently good to calculate the time variability of the CSL with a satisfactory accuracy. Already the storage of water within the Volga Basin allows forecasts of the CSL a few months ahead, and using the FCSTs of precipitation improves the CSL forecasts. The evaporation in the seasonal forecasts is deficient due to unrealistic sea surface temperatures over the CS. Impacts of different water budget terms on the CSL variability are shown by a variety of validation tools. The importance of precipitation anomalies over the catchment of the Volga River is confirmed, but also impacts from the two southern rivers (Sefidrud and Kura River) and the evaporation over the CS become obvious for some periods. When pushing the FCSTs beyond the limits of the seasonal FCSTs to 1 year, considerable forecast skill can still be found. Validating only FCSTs by the present approach, which show the same trend as one based on a statistical method, significantly enhances the skill scores. 相似文献
15.
根据辽宁省沿海自动站资料,采用卡尔曼滤波方法对沈阳区域气象中心MM5中尺度数值预报产品进行解释应用,制作环渤海及邻近海域海面最大风矢量预报的技术方法,对2009年8-12月预报结果进行检验。结果表明：海上最大风矢量预报结果中风速的预报要明显好于风向的预报,其中风向预报最好的海区为黄海北部,准确率为57.3 %;风速预报最好的海区为渤海中部,准确率为64.6 %;风速误差以正误差为主,说明风速的预报值与实况值相比偏大。该方法对于环渤海及邻近海域海上风的预报效果较好,能够比较真实地反映海上风演变过程,具有预报参考价值。 相似文献
16.
基于中尺度模式MM5下的海洋蒸发波导预报研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
蒸发波导是发牛在海气边界层的一种异常折射现象,由于其分布范围广、发生概率大,被认为是对海上电子设备影响最为显著的波导类型,成为各国海军竞相研究的焦点.然而由于其形成机制复杂,且在近岸沿海地区由于海陆分布不均,以及海岸地形和海陆风等因素的作用,会造成蒸发波导的近岸效应,这种效应会影响蒸发波导高度诊断的准确率.目前国内外蒸发波导诊断模式有P-J模式、MGB模式、NPS模式、Babin模式等,但其基本原理都足依赖Monin-Obukhov相似理论,只是用于确定近地层通量和特征尺度的方法不同,且仅适用于定常和水平均匀的开阔海域,并没有考虑到蒸发波导的近岸效应.针对这一问题,文中在Babin模式的基础上引入张强、胡隐樵的通量廓线关系(非线性修正冈子αν)与阵性风速ωg,从而将蒸发波导诊断模式的适用范围扩展到近岸沿海地区和甚低风速条件下.此外在中尺度模式MM5的基础上,耦合改进的Babin模式,发展建立了一个海洋蒸发波导高度预报模式,并对预报模式进行数值模拟,利用2002年5月25-26日福建平潭岛的海上大气实测数据与雷达探测结果对预报模式输出结果进行了验证.验证结果表明:在0～48小时内模式输出值与实测值拟和较好且变化规律一致,预报蒸发波导高度平均误差为0.193;且蒸发波导高度预报结果与雷达实际探测结果一致. 相似文献
17.
We examine the climatic responses to the shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) direct radiative effects (RE) of sea salt aerosol in present day and the last glacial maximum (LGM) using a general circulation model with online simulation of sea salt cycle. The 30-year control simulation predicts a present-day annual emission of sea salt of 4,253?Tg and a global burden of 8.1?Tg for the particles with dry radii smaller than 10?μm. Predicted annual and global mean SW and LW REs of sea salt are, respectively, ?1.06 and +0.14?W?m?2 at the top of atmosphere (TOA), and ?1.10 and +0.54?W?m?2 at the surface. The LW warming of sea salt is found to decrease with altitude, which leads to a stronger net sea salt cooling in the upper troposphere. The changes in global mean air temperature by the present-day sea salt are simulated to be ?0.55, ?0.63, ?0.86, and ?0.91°K at the surface, 850, 500a, and 200?hPa, respectively. The emission of sea salt at the LGM is estimated to be 4,075?Tg?year?1. Relative to present day, the LGM sea salt emission is higher by about 18% over the tropical and subtropical oceans, and is lower by about 35% in the mid- and high-latitudes in both hemispheres because of the expansion of sea ice. As a result of the weakened LGM water cycle, the LGM annual and global mean burden of sea salt is predicted to be higher by 4% as compared to the present-day value. Compared with the climatic effect of sea salt in present day, the sea-salt-induced reductions in surface air temperature at the LGM have similar magnitude in the tropics but are weakened by about 0.18 and 0.14°K in the high latitudes of the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, respectively. We also perform a sensitivity study to explore the upper limit of the climatic effect of the LGM sea salt. We assume an across-the-board 30% increase in the glacial wind speed and consider sea salt emissions over sea ice, so that the model can reproduce the ratio of sea salt deposition between the LGM and present day in the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere as suggested by the ice core records. This sensitivity run predicts a global emission of sea salt of 11,941?Tg?year?1 with a global burden of 20.9?Tg. With such a high loading, sea salt aerosol at the LGM can have a net RE of ?2.28?W?m?2 at the TOA and lead to an annual and global mean cooling of 1.27°K at the surface. 相似文献
18.
利用南海季风试验研究(1997～2000)的成果资料,对强弱南海夏季风年广西的天气作了对比研究,主要分析了雨季开始、年雨量分配及丰欠、热带气旋活动特点等方面的差异并归纳出一个简单的预测概念模型,可供业务工作者在制作年景预测上参考。 相似文献
19.
Elizabeth G. Malcolm Amanda C. Ford Tara A. Redding Matthew C. Richardson Brianna M. Strain Scott W. Tetzner 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2009,63(3):221-234
Sea salt aerosol may be an important sink for reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) in the marine boundary layer, reducing ambient
RGM concentrations and transferring the mercury (Hg) to the oceans and coastal ecosystems. The goal of this study was to determine
the affinity of gaseous mercury for sea salt aerosol (SSA) by conducting adsorption experiments with sea salt-coated sampling
denuders. In the first set of experiments, ambient outdoor air was passed through denuders coated with either KCl, as in the
widely accepted method to sample RGM, or with NaCl, a primary component of sea salt aerosols. On the one sampling day in which
RGM was above the MDL, the NaCl coated denuders removed Hg from the ambient air, equivalent to 87% of the RGM in the air (as
determined by KCl denuders). For the second set of experiments HgCl2 generated in the laboratory was passed through denuders coated with KCl and either NaCl or sea salt. The NaCl denuders collected
an average of 99 ± 16% of the mercury that the KCl denuders collected. Newly coated sea salt denuders collected 88 ± 17% of
the amount of mercury that the KCl denuders collected, but interestingly the sea salt denuders capacity decreased with repeated
use. These experiments demonstrate that HgCl2, a major component of RGM has a strong affinity for NaCl and sea salt and is therefore likely to be scavenged by SSA. This
study adds to the growing evidence that RGM is scavenged by sea salt aerosols and therefore more quickly deposited to the
ocean and coastal environment. 相似文献