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1.
Double Fourier series models of two doline and two cockpit landscapes in northern Jamaica, each 2 × 2 km in area, explained 92% and 90%, and 73% and 58% of the variance in the topographic data. The ten most significant waves accounted for 74% and 76%, and 61% and 58% of the variance in each model. The greater importance of frequency pairs of longer wavelength in the doline karst models suggests that there are fewer horizontally and vertically persistent bedrock fractures controlling topographic development in the doline areas than in the cockpit terrains—a fact confirmed by fracture-trace mapping. Frequency pair orientations and powers indicate that north-west- and northeast-trending fractures exert a major influence on topographic development in the cockpit terrains and that east-trending fractures are relatively more important in the doline areas. Further studies are needed to determine if Fourier models of the doline, cockpit, and tower karst styles differ in a consistent fashion and to find out to what extent these differences are related to the bedding, fracture, and relief characteristics of the karst bedrock. [Key words: Jamaica, karst, morphometry, double Fourier series, dolines, cockpits.] 相似文献
2.
以贵州高原中部普定马官地区和云南高原边缘西畴峰丛-洼地区为试验区,研究和探讨了喀斯特洼地发育过程中的分形特性。 相似文献
3.
This study presented a quantitative comparison of cockpit and doline karst by examining the numbers and characteristics of typical types of landform entities that are developed in Guilin(Guangxi, China), La Alianza(PR, USA), Avalton(KY, USA), and Oolitic(IN, USA). Five types of landform entities were defined: isolated hill(IH), clustered hills(CHs), isolated sinkhole(IS), clustered sinkholes(CSs), and clustered hills with sinkholes(CHSs). An algorithm was developed to automatically identify these types of landform entities by examining the contour lines on topographic maps of two cockpit karst areas(Guilin and La Alianza) and two doline karst areas(Oolitic and Avalton). Within each specific study area, the CHSs is the least developed type yet with a larger size and higher relief. The IH and IS entities are smaller in size, lower in relief, and outnumber their clustered counterparts. The total numbers of these types of entities are quite different in cockpit and doline karst areas. Doline karst is characterized by more negative(IS and CSs) than positive(IH and IHs) landforms and vice versa for cockpit karst. For example, the Guilin study area has 1192 positive landform entities in total, which occupy 9.81% of the total study area. It has only 622 negative landform entities occupying only 3.91% of the total study area. By contrast, the doline karst in Oolitic has 130 negative while only 10 positive landform entities. The positive and negative landforms in Oolitic occupy 12.68% and 2.61% of the total study area, respectively. Furthermore, average relief and slope of the landform entities are much higher and steeper in the cockpit karst than the doline karst areas. For instance, the average slope of CHs in Alvaton is 3.90 degrees while it is 19.78 degrees in La Alianza. The average relief of CSs is 4.07 m and 34.29 m in Oolitic and Guilin respectively. Such a difference within a specific area or between the cockpit and doline karst may reveal different controls on the development of karst landscape. 相似文献
4.
This study presented a quantitative comparison of cockpit and doline karst by examining the numbers and characteristics of typical types of landform entities that are developed in Guilin（Guangxi, China）, La Alianza（PR, USA）, Avalton（KY, USA）, and Oolitic（IN, USA）. Five types of landform entities were defined： isolated hill（IH）, clustered hills（CHs）, isolated sinkhole（IS）, clustered sinkholes（CSs）, and clustered hills with sinkholes（CHSs）. An algorithm was developed to automatically identify these types of landform entities by examining the contour lines on topographic maps of two cockpit karst areas（Guilin and La Alianza） and two doline karst areas（Oolitic and Avalton）. Within each specific study area, the CHSs is the least developed type yet with a larger size and higher relief. The IH and IS entities are smaller in size, lower in relief, and outnumber their clustered counterparts. The total numbers of these types of entities are quite different in cockpit and doline karst areas. Doline karst is characterized by more negative（IS and CSs） than positive（IH and IHs） landforms and vice versa for cockpit karst. For example, the Guilin study area has 1192 positive landform entities in total, which occupy 9.81% of the total study area. It has only 622 negative landform entities occupying only 3.91% of the total study area. By contrast, the doline karst in Oolitic has 130 negative while only 10 positive landform entities. The positive and negative landforms in Oolitic occupy 12.68% and 2.61% of the total study area, respectively. Furthermore, average relief and slope of the landform entities are much higher and steeper in the cockpit karst than the doline karst areas. For instance, the average slope of CHs in Alvaton is 3.90 degrees while it is 19.78 degrees in La Alianza. The average relief of CSs is 4.07 m and 34.29 m in Oolitic and Guilin respectively. Such a difference within a specific area or between the cockpit and doline karst may reveal different controls on 相似文献
5.
为了弥补岩溶区地下土壤漏失程度评价指标体系空白,基于在粤北岩溶区连南县多个岩溶山地采矿断面、公路修建断面实地调查获得的56条裂隙、40个漏斗和多个孔穴的调查数据,以及粤北岩溶丘陵、峰林区英德市岩背镇、九龙镇等40多个样方的地表景观实地调查资料,探讨构建岩溶地下土壤漏失程度评价指标与标准。首先,充分考虑了土壤漏失途径、阶段、各指标的关联性、断面调查数据及数据采集的可操作性等,将定性指标与量化指标结合,采用裂隙、洞穴、漏斗3个一级指标和与溶洞连通度、断面比、密度,洞穴类型、数量、位置,漏斗深宽比、形状、周边裂隙发育情况9个二级指标,构建了岩溶区地下漏失无漏失、轻度漏失、中度漏失、重度漏失分级标准;其次,将基岩、地貌、地形、岩石裸露率、植被结构、类型、盖度和土壤深度等地表景观特征作为地下漏失程度的辅助参考指标,使地下漏失评价与地表石漠化程度评价能够有机结合,共同形成岩溶环境评价的整体系统。 相似文献
6.
7.
MICHAEL DAY 《The Geographical journal》2007,173(2):170-185
The northeastern 110 km2 , or nearly 40%, of Antigua is underlain by impure limestones of the Oligocene-aged Antigua Formation, on which has developed a subdued karst landscape consisting essentially of shallow enclosed depressions (dolines), intermittently active stream valleys and widely scattered residual hills. The dispersed dolines are broad, shallow and clustered, especially in the central and southeastern sections of the limestone belt, where they attain densities of 7/km2 . The widely spaced residual hills attain heights of up to 40 m and localized densities of over 4/km2 . Five main valley systems up to 6 km in length traverse the limestone in a broadly northeast direction, carrying both autogenic drainage from within the karst area and allogenic drainage from the non-carbonate Central Plain. Karst and cave development has been constrained by the low purity of the limestones. Of the four types of carbonate islands identified within the Carbonate Island Karst Model, Antigua most closely resembles the Composite Island type. The karst has been much influenced by human activities, particularly agriculture and quarrying, and is now a focus of the burgeoning tourism industry. Virtually none of the karst is designated as protected areas, but several sites warrant protection, and several conservation strategies have been suggested. 相似文献
8.
石林地区土壤性质与喀斯特洼地发育 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对石林地区洼地边坡和底部红壤的物理、化学性质差异进行了研究 ,结果表明土壤的化学成分、水分含量和粒度组成都和所处的地貌部位有关。洼地底部的土壤细粘粒含量、水分含量、Al2 O3和Fe2 O3含量低于洼地边坡 ,而粗粉粒含量、SiO2 含量则高于洼地边坡。土壤SiO2 含量随粒径变细而减少 ,Al2 O3和Fe2 O3则随粒径变细而增加 ,土壤中水分含量与细粘粒含量正相关 ,与粗粉粒含量负相关。因此 ,不同地貌部位土壤的粒度组成差异决定了洼地底部和边坡的水分含量及化学组成的差异 相似文献
9.
中国喀斯特地貌的演化模式 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
中国喀斯特地貌的发育与岩性密切相关,并受许多因素的影响与控制。特别是新生代的两个构造事件和更新世的五次气候变换,都影响了喀斯特的发育。在计算典型喀斯特地区的上升、沉降、溶蚀与沉积等速率的基础上,本文重点探讨了喀斯特地貌演化的八个模式。 相似文献
10.
通过对喀斯特地区的形态学、水文地质学、水文学和脉冲试验方法，将研究程度较为详细的贵州普定后寨地下不可流域作为样本区进行试验研究。以划分成八个空间结构类型。并且从中出该流域的喀斯特地貌主要是正向演化过程。但在西部形成反向演化过程。 相似文献
11.
分形理论及其在地貌学中的应用──分形地貌学研究综述及展望 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29
本文简介了分形的有关基本概念,回顾了分形理论在海岸、流水、喀斯特地貌等多种地貌类型和流域地貌发育的形态研究中,以及在地貌过程研究中的应用的新近成果,并提出了今后分形地貌学研究的五个主要方面. 相似文献
12.
在对乌蒙山区社会经济、扶贫现状、自然环境及区域地质背景和岩溶地质特征进行分析和研究的基础上,首先系统探讨了其岩溶景观的类型、发育和分布特征,然后从资源潜力、开发适宜性、区位特性、开发条件、市场潜力等方面探讨和分析其岩溶景观旅游扶贫潜力的大小及其与岩溶特征间的关系,认为：1）乌蒙山区拥有118处不同级别优势（78处省级、32处国家级、8处世界级）的岩溶景观单体或景观区,是全球高原岩溶景观的典型集中发育区和杰出范例,形成并表现出明显的类型、区域优势和特色;2）总体上,随着岩溶景观分布密度的依次降低,以及可溶性特征的减弱和景观区级别的降低,贵州、云南、四川三大岩溶片区以及各县域岩溶区、各类岩溶景观单体或景观区资源的优势性、聚集性、规模性及知名性依次降低,旅游扶贫潜力依次下降;3）观光体验和休闲度假,是乌蒙山区各岩溶区最适宜,且最具优势和开发潜力的旅游产品;4）乌蒙山区的区位特性、开发条件和市场潜力等则明显逊色于其他相似的岩溶地区。最后,在上述分析的基础上提出了观光休闲旅游、生态旅游、科学旅游、文化旅游、探险科考等5种乌蒙山区岩溶旅游扶贫模式,并从政府、基础设施、区域旅游发展、区域协作、发展理念等方面探讨了岩溶旅游扶贫的保障机制。 相似文献
13.
Recent karst forms in gypsiferous beds are reported from Mathiesondalen in Central Spitsbergen, where several sinkholes (dolines) and swallow holes have been formed after the deposition of Holocene raised beach sediments. The bedrock of the area is mostly interbedded gypsum/anhydrite and dolomites of the Carboniferous Ebbadalen Formation. 相似文献
14.
The karst landscapes of Trinidad and Tobago, although restricted in area, present a previously undocumented array of tropical karst landforms, including karren, caves, springs, valley systems, and a range of dolines or sinkholes, including an area of polygonal cockpit karst. The karstlands are located primarily in the Northern and Central Ranges of Trinidad and in the southwestern portion of Tobago, and they have developed on carbonate rocks ranging in age from Jurassic to Quaternary. Associated with them is a range of vegetation types and faunal communities, many of which have been much altered by human land management, including forestry and agriculture. Quarrying has destroyed much of the karst in the western part of Trinidad, and urban development and tourism have taken their toll too, especially in the Lowlands of western Tobago. Little of the karst is incorporated within existing protected areas. 相似文献
15.
Ground temperature measurements show that open taliks occurring at Vardeborgsletta are probably caused by the heat of circulating water from great depths. The absence of permafrost has allowed the ground water to circulate, and large-scale karst features have developed in a limestone area. Karst processes are also active today, and dolines and ponds with sinking drainage occur. 相似文献
16.
广州市荔湾区大坦沙岩溶地面塌陷成因及其稳定性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广州市荔湾区大坦沙是广州地区岩溶地面塌陷主要发生地区之一,2007-11-07-2008-01-29共发生7起岩溶地面塌陷,造成多间房屋倒塌和开裂,经济损失巨大.通过参与现场地质调查,之后收集、整理该地区地下水的动态监测资料,结合地面塌陷发育的基本特征,从区域地质环境条件分析其地面塌陷的形成原因,采用定性、半定量的评价方法,构建岩溶地面塌陷稳定性判别因子的量化指标体系,对其地面塌陷的稳定性进行综合预测.结果认为:(1)大坦沙地区岩溶地面塌陷具有一因多效现象,地下水位下降是引发该时段系列塌陷的主导因素,次要 相似文献
17.
《Basin Research》2018,30(5):1015-1041
Canyons and other sediment conduits are important components of the deep‐water environment and are the main pathways for sediment transport from the shelf to the basin floor. Using 3‐D and 2‐D seismic reflection data, seismic facies and statistical morphometric analyses, this study showed the architectural evolution of five canyons, two slide scars and four gullies on the southern part of the Loppa High, Barents Sea. Morphometric parameters such as thalweg depth (lowest point on a conduit's base), wall depth (middle point), height, width and base width, sinuosity, thalweg gradient, aspect ratio (width/height) and cross‐sectional area of the conduits were measured at intervals of 250‐m perpendicular to the conduits’ pathways. Our results show that the canyons and slide scars in the study area widen down slope, whereas the gullies are narrow and short with uniform widths. The sediment conduits in the study area evolved in three stages. The first stage is correlated with a time when erosion and bypass were dominant in the conduits, and sediment transferred to the basin in the south. The second stage occurred when basin subsidence was prevalent, and a widespread fine‐grained sequence was deposited as a drape blanketing the canyons and other conduits. A final stage occurred when uplift and glacial erosion configured the entire southern Loppa High into an area of denudation. Our work demonstrates that the morphometric parameters of the canyons, slide scars and gullies generally have increasing linear trends with down‐slope distance, irrespective of their geometries. The morphometric analysis of the sediment conduits in the study area has wider applications for understanding depositional processes, reservoir distribution and petroleum prospectivity in frontier basins. 相似文献
18.
基于Strahler面积—高程分析的云南石林县域喀斯特地貌演化的量化研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于异质性喀斯特地貌结构与喀斯特保护地整体保护利用的关系,将水平蚀低垂直加深的喀斯特地貌发育机制落实于地理信息系统支持的Strahler面积—高程分析,形成整体、海拔段和内部洼地的面积—高程曲线与积分值指标组,以量化石林县域喀斯特地貌演化。结果表明不同地貌发育特征的不同地形面具有不同的Strahler值,其差异和规律性有一定的指示价值。石林县四级海拔梯级地貌处于壮年晚期,为断裂切割与巴江侵蚀基准面差异性控制下的孤丘夷平面分解,属同期异构的回春型地貌区。> 2100 m海拔段为孤丘夷平构造侵蚀溶原中山,洼地不发育。1900~2100 m海拔段为孤丘夷平面转向孤丘溶原洼地、峰丛洼地,暗河不发育。1700~1900 m海拔段为溶丘洼地斜坡,由蚀余状石林—剑状石林—覆盖石林—烘烤石林组成的石林垂直层状结构与溶丘—洼地—暗河—泉群—河谷盆地组成的水平梯级地貌结构,它是水平与垂直地貌过程的融合产物。石林发育区既为水源形成区,也为水土流失区。这是石林保护地整体保护利用的地貌动力依据。 相似文献
19.
贵州花江喀斯特峡谷水土流失状态分析 总被引：61，自引：0，他引：61
选取能较好反映喀斯特峡特征的花江峡谷作为研究对象，采用埋桩、修建沉沙及充分利用当地沟谷谷坊等手段相结合的方法，集中讨论了花江喀斯特峡谷水土流失的现状和特点。一方面，研究区的土壤侵蚀量远小于大多数非喀斯特地区，但并不是说喀斯特峡谷地区的水土流失不严重，相反，这正是水土流失发展到极其严重地步的必然现象，另一方面，流域的土壤侵蚀强度还受其内部岩性结构的影响碎屑岩的比重越大，土壤侵蚀模数也越大。同时，对不同天然植被条件下的土壤侵蚀监测发现，通过种草来减轻峡谷地区的土壤侵蚀是一条十分有效的途径。 相似文献
20.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3-4):177-183
A short introduction to Slovene alpine karst, i.e. surface, geological base, hypsometric divisions, orography, and climate conditions is presented first. According to previous data there are three types of alpine karst in Slovenia: high-mountainous karst, doline karst, and karst on conglomerate and alluvial surface. The article then gives a general view of the caverns in the Slovene Alps; altogether there are over 1000 registered and explored caverns. Different numeric data are added, together with mean values. Types of caverns are compared between them and with different types of alpine land. 相似文献