共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 734 毫秒
1.
《东北石油大学学报》2020,(2)
采用宏观与微观实验结合的方法,研究低矿化度水中阳离子种类和浓度对岩石表面润湿性和原油采收率的影响;利用场发射扫描电镜,获得不同水驱阶段岩石表面的微观化学成分和形貌信息,探讨盐水—原油—岩石之间的界面行为。结果表明:低矿化度水引起的原油脱附是润湿性变化的根本原因;随离子强度的降低,原油与岩石表面的粘附功下降,岩石表面润湿性发生改变,原油从岩石表面脱附;Na~+比Ca~(2+)更能改善岩石表面润湿性,盐水进入小孔道的渗吸作用增强,扩大波及体积,可获得更高的原油采收率。 相似文献
2.
以内蒙古扎赉特旗和新疆黑油山油砂为研究对象,用溶剂洗涤法获得油砂中的砂样,然后分离出粒径小于50μm的微粒组分,分别用油水法、渗透法和压片法对各种微粒组分表面的润湿性进行表征.结果表明:2种微粒组分均显示疏水性,而相比扎赉特旗油砂微粒组分,黑油山油砂微粒具有一定的亲水性.当微粒样品经过高温灼烧后,表面疏水性变为强亲水性,这是由微粒表面有机物质被燃烧所致.XPS分析结果表明,各种微粒表面的润湿性能是由微粒表面有机物质的吸附量所决定的.通常油润性油砂(微粒组分为疏水性)不能用水基提取法进行分离提取,而实验所研究的2种油砂属于油润性油砂,由于均从地表几米深处采取,经历长期风化所致. 相似文献
3.
针对电极材料润湿性、正负电极合理间距、各电极对合理间距等问题,在电阻法检测剩余油分布物理模拟实验中,根据模拟油饱和过程中电阻变化规律,从导电性和润湿性角度出发,通过化学镀改性处理取得检测电极材料.在此基础上,对电极合理布置方式进行优化设计.结果表明:由铜材料作为基质进行化学镀镍磷合金,所得电极不仅导电性好,而且表面润湿性呈现中性,减小了由电极表面亲油或亲水给检测结果带来的误差;此外,电极对间距越小,电极对数量越多,测试结果精度越高;推荐正负电极间距为1～2cm,各电极对间距为1～2cm. 相似文献
4.
文章为达到充分调查研究某风景区天然放射性辐射现状的目的,采用有原则的自由网格监测方法,对研究区内的γ辐射剂量率、空气中氡浓度、表面氡析出率、固体样与液体样放射性核素进行综合研究与分析评价,得到了研究区天然放射性辐射处于安全水平的结论. 相似文献
5.
沥青质沉积不仅会伤害储层物性还会对流体饱和度分布和渗流特征产生影响。通过开展不同开发方式下的长岩心驱替实验,分别测定了有或无沥青质沉积影响下的油水、油气和三相相对渗透率曲线,研究了沥青质沉积对原油相对渗透率和岩石润湿性的影响。研究结果表明,沥青质沉积导致水驱、CO2非混相驱和水气交替（WAG）驱的采收率分别降低了12.2%,5.9%,15.3%。并会引起驱替压差上升,岩石润湿性向亲油性转变,加速水或气突破时间。水驱中沥青质沉淀会使油水两相共渗区左移,含水饱和度对油相相对渗透率的影响增大。CO2非混相驱中沥青质沉淀对气相渗透率影响较小,而油相渗透率更容易受到含气饱和度变化的影响。在三相渗流中沥青质沉淀会降低油相渗透率,加快油相相对渗透率的下降速度,增大残余油饱和度,减弱WAG驱效果。在注入水中添加JCF-1非离子表面活性剂后,能够降低驱替压差,延缓水或气突破时间,增大油相相对渗透率,降低残余油饱和度,弥补沥青质沉积产生的伤害。研究成果为富含沥青质油藏的高效开发提供了依据。 相似文献
6.
安塞油田长6油层组长期注水后储层变化特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在注水开发模拟实验及现场测试资料的基础上,以压汞实验、物性测试等方法对模拟实验前后岩芯进行分析,研究了安塞油田长6油层组长期注水开发后储层特征变化规律及成因。结果表明,随着注水量增加,渗透率总体明显降低,渗透率平均变化4.72%;水驱后孔隙度平均增加0.15%,而孔隙组合类型未发生明显变化;退汞效率平均降低4.39%;喉道中值半径变小但分布类型没变化;储层润湿性整体向亲水方向发展。低渗透储层特征发生变化的机理主要是:储层中颗粒和填隙物在注入水的冲刷作用下发生溶解、破碎和迁移,一部分被水冲出,一部分滞留在细喉道处形成堵塞,导致孔喉连通性变差,储层非均质性增强;注入水冲刷作用使储层岩石表面及孔喉表面性质发生变化,进而引起储层润湿性发生变化。 相似文献
7.
《东北石油大学学报》2015,(3)
针对传统表面活性剂在高温高盐油藏中适应性差的问题,研制一种耐温耐盐的甜菜碱型表面活性剂TCJ-5.利用表面张力仪和界面张力仪研究TCJ-5的界面特性、稳定性、吸附性,借助岩心流动实验评价它在高温高盐油藏中的驱油效率.结果表明:甜菜碱型表面活性剂TCJ-5溶液具有很高的表面活性,在质量分数为0.03%~0.05%的范围内油水之间的界面性能良好,在30~90℃的温度范围内,油水之间的界面张力能达到10-3 mN/m数量级的超低界面张力;在模拟油藏条件下,体系的耐盐能力能达到10×104 mg/L,在油藏温度90℃下100d内稳定性良好;在高温高盐油藏条件下,表面活性剂体系可在水驱基础上提高采收率幅度平均达21.37%.该驱油体系在高温高盐油藏中增油控水效果明显,具有广泛的应用前景. 相似文献
8.
将Level Set方法与ICE数值格式相结合,建立了求解含有运动界面的不可压缩气液两相流动问题的三维模型及数值解法。应用所建立的模型和算法三维模拟了4种典型气泡和液滴的运动过程,包括气泡从单个喷嘴生成和上升的过程,两个大小不同的空气气泡在水中自由上升时的相互作用过程,水滴下落冲击水面的过程和水滴与颗粒正向等温碰撞过程。模拟结果表明,所建立的模型与算法能准确方便地捕捉到三维气泡和液滴界面的破碎与融合等拓扑结构的变化,说明Level Set方法是一种行之有效且大有前途的处理气液运动界面问题的方法。 相似文献
9.
研究意义与方法 宗地面积对地价的影响在地价评估过程中往往被忽略,但地块面积对地价水平的影响是巨大的,据典型抽样调查,浙江省县(市)级政府所在城镇的以"间"为单位的小宗地最高交易地价一般可达3万元/m2以上,而大地块出让最高一般不超过5000元/m2左右. 相似文献
10.
要保持中国社会和经济在今后20~30年间的高速科学发展,必须走节能、环保高效的高科技的新型工业化之路。要实现这一目的,就必须要充分发挥我的作用。在此,请允许我作自我介绍。我叫镓,化学符号为Ga,在自然界中是一种稀有分散元素,为银白色的软金属,是在人体温度下(37℃)能熔化成液体的神奇金属之一。我在常温空气中稳定,因为表面覆盖有一层薄的氧化膜,即使烧红加热时也不再被空气所氧 相似文献
11.
IwrRODUtvIONTheseasurfacendcrolayer(SML)isathinair-seainterfacelayerwithphySical,chdricalandbiologicalproperties.OrganicmateriaIs,haceAnIs,nutrientS,particulatCrnat-terandplanktonaregenefallyenrichedintheSML(Hardy,JT.etal.,l98O,Wunams,P.M.etal.,1986).ThesamPlersforcolledingtheSMLwerernainlyglassplatespearvey,G.W.etal.,l972,l985;ZhangZhengbinetal.,l996),rotatingdrums(Harvey,G.W.,1966,Daumas,R.A.l976),screensgurmt,W.D.,l965,Piotrowicz,S.R.etal.,l972,Carison,D.J.,l982),funneIs… 相似文献
12.
Atmospheric nitrous oxide observations above the oceanic surface during the first Chinese Arctic Research Expedition 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
339 gas samples above oceanic surface were collected on the cruise of "Xuelong" expeditionary ship and nitrous oxide concentrations were analyzed in the laboratory. Results showed that Atmospheric average N2O concentration was 309 ±3. 8nL/L above the surface of northern Pacific and Arctic ocean. N2O concentrations were significantly different on the northbound and southbound track in the range of the same latitude, 308.0 ±3.5 nL/L from Shanghai harbor to the Arctic and 311.9 ±2.5 nL/L from the Arctic to Shanghai harbor. N2O concentration had a greater changing magnitude on the mid- and high-latitude oceanic surface of northern Pacific Ocean than in the other latitudinal ranges. The correlation between the concentrations of the compositions in the aerosol samples and atmospheric N2 O showed that continental sources had a great contribution on atmospheric N2 O concentration above the oceanic surface. Atmospheric N2O concentration significantly increased when the expeditionary ship approached Shanghai h 相似文献
13.
Surface waves comprise an important aspect of the interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean, so a dynamically consistent framework for modelling atmosphere-ocean interaction must take account of surface waves, either implicitly or explicitly. In order to calculate the effect of wind forcing on waves and currents, and vice versa, it is necessary to employ a consistent formula- tion of the energy and momentum balance within the airflow, wave field, and water column. It is very advantageous to apply sur- face-following coordinate systems, whereby the steep gradients in mean flow properties near the air-water interface in the cross-interface direction may be resolved over distances which are much smaller than the height of the waves themselves. We may account for the waves explicitly by employing a numerical spectral wave model, and applying a suitable theory of wave–mean flow interaction. If the mean flow is small compared with the wave phase speed, perturbation expansions of the hydrodynamic equations in a Lagrangian or generalized Lagrangian mean framework are useful: for stronger flows, such as for wind blowing over waves, the presence of critical levels where the mean flow velocity is equal to the wave phase speed necessitates the application of more general types of surface-following coordinate system. The interaction of the flow of air and water and associated differences in temperature and the concentration of various substances (such as gas species) gives rise to a complex boundary-layer structure at a wide range of vertical scales, from the sub-millimetre scales of gaseous diffusion, to several tens of metres for the turbulent Ekman layer. The bal- ance of momentum, heat, and mass is also affected significantly by breaking waves, which act to increase the effective area of the surface for mass transfer, and increase turbulent diffusive fluxes via the conversion of wave energy to turbulent kinetic energy. 相似文献
14.
Using a regional atmospheric model for Arctic climate simulation, two groups of numerical experiments were carried out to study the inlfuence of changes in the underlying surface (land surface, sea sur... 相似文献
15.
Large-scale rock landslides have huge impacts on various large-scale rock engineering and project operations. They are also important aspects evaluating geological disasters. In the initial evaluations on the stability of large-scale rock landslides, in most cases, it is difficult to conduct evaluation or to have accurate evaluations because most of large-scale rock landslides are huge in size, high in slopes, and located in the canyon of mountains, which makes the exploration very difficult and thus hard to get credible data on slip surface form, location, depth and strength. This paper describes the Badi landslide happened along the Lancang River, and systematically introduces methods to analyze and verify large-scale slip surface form using terrain conditions surrounding the large-scale landslide, shape of the slide walls, and development patterns of streams and gully. This paper also introduces ways to obtain strength parameters of slip surface with the soil in the slide zone by using the principles of stress state, principles of gravity compaction, structure regeneration and strength regeneration. It is confirmed that analyzed results to the slip surface are basically consistent with the exploration results. The methods introduced here have been successfully applied to evaluate the stability of Badi large-scale rock landslide and have been applied in engineering practices. 相似文献
16.
This study on the temporal and spatial variability of the viscosity and some chemical parameters in the sea surface microlayer (SML), the relationship between the viscosity and chemical parameters, and the influence of the viscosity on the mass transfer coefficient (K) in the flux of materials through the air-sea interface revealed that: The values of viscosity and some chemical parameters in the SML are higher than those in the sub-surface layer (SSL), and at daytime are higher than those at night. The viscosity has positive corelation with chemical oxygen demand (COD),dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and salinity. The “SML effect“ on K need not be considered because the SML effect on materials concentration is so small. 相似文献
17.
Yong Yang Ren-sheng Chen Yao-xuan Song Jun-feng Liu Chun-tan Han Zhang-wen Liu 《山地科学学报》2017,14(12):2471-2483
Land surface temperature(LST) causes the phase change of water, links to the partitioning of surface water and energy budget, and becomes an important parameter to hydrology, meteorology, ecohydrology, and other researches in the high mountain cold regions. Unlike air temperature, which has common altitudinal lapse rates in the mountainous regions, the influence of terrain leads to complicated estimation for soil LST. This study presents two methods that use air temperature and solar position,to estimate bare LST with high temporal resolution over horizontal sites and mountainous terrain with a random slope azimuth. The data from three horizontal meteorological stations and fourteen LST observation fields with different aspects and slopes were used to test the proposed LST methods. The calculated and measured LST were compared in a range of statistical analysis, and the analysis showed that the average RMSE(root mean square error),MAD(mean absolute deviation), and R~2(correlation coefficient) for three horizontal sites were 5.09℃,3.66℃, 0.92, and 5.03℃, 3.52℃, 0.85 for the fourteen complex terrain sites. The proposed methods showed acceptable accuracy, provide a simple way to estimate LST, and will be helpful for simulating the water and energy cycles in alpine mountainous terrain. 相似文献
18.
卫星遥感反演得到的地表温度可用于近地表气温的估算,但现有方法的估算精度仍有进一步提升的空间。为了获取空间上连续且精度较高的近地表气温,本研究以四川省为例,首次将高精度曲面建模（HASM）用于遥感和气温实测数据的融合,并将综合了气温、地表温度、海拔、坡度、坡向的地理加权回归（GWR）拟合结果作为HASM模型的初始温度场,进而采用此种结合HASM和GWR的求解算法（HASM-GWR）,融合MOD11C3地表温度产品与190个气象台站的气温实测数据,开展省级尺度近地表气温估算,并通过比较HASM-GWR、GWR以及普通线性回归（OLS）3种方法的估算精度,评估各模型对近地表气温的估算效果。结果表明,相比于传统估算模型,采用HASM-GWR数据融合方法能有效提高近地表气温的估算精度。采用该方法的近地表气温估算残差,72%介于-1~1 ℃,90%介于-2~2 ℃;且与GWR和OLS模型相比,估算结果的均方根误差（RMSE）分别降低了25.42%和39.83%。 相似文献