共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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地下水资源特性及其合理开发利用 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19
张人权 《水文地质工程地质》2003,30(6):1-5
地下水资源具有以下重要特性:兼具可再生性与不可再生性,发育的系统性,以及随时间的变动性。可再生的补给资源,是理论上可持续利用的地下水资源;除了特定情况外,不可再生的储存资源只能借用而不能耗用。地下水资源发育的系统性,要求以含水系统或水文系统、而不是以含水层为单元进行地下水资源评价。由于土地利用方式的改变,地下水资源是随时间而变化的,需要根据变化情况进行再评价。根据可持续发展的理念,地下水资源评价应当遵循供水永续性和生态环境可承载性原则。地下水资源评价需要采用多种方法,相互校核,以提高其成果的信度。最后以河北平原为例,探讨了深层地下水的资源属性以及合理利用地下水的途径。 相似文献
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通过野外调查、试验、计算等手段,全面分析淮南市凤台县浅层地下水和中深层地下水资源量、可开采量及现状水质状况。凤台县境内河流、湖泊广泛分布,地表水资源丰富;地下水含水层发育,补给条件较好,地下水资源相对丰富,开采潜力较大,但浅层孔隙水水质较差。不同用水户可分情况合理取用地表水和地下水。 相似文献
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主要介绍通过野外调查、试验、计算等手段,全面分析淮南市潘集区浅层地下水、中深层地下水资源量和可开采量及现状水质状况,指出潘集区内河流、湖泊广泛分布,地表水资源丰富;地下水含水层发育,补给条件较好．地下水资源也相对丰富,开采潜力较大,但浅层孙隙水水质较差;针对不同用水者,可分情况合理安排使用地表水与地下水。 相似文献
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东海岛是一具有独特水文地质条件的大陆岛,浅层含水层与大陆以浅海湾相隔,中深层承压水含水层与大陆地下水系统紧密相连。为了深入地认识大陆岛地下水水动力学特征,以湛江东海岛为例,阐述了其水文地质条件,并分析了东海岛浅、中、深层地下水的流场和动态特征。分析结果表明,东海岛为一个典型且独特的大陆岛,岛内和大陆的部分浅层含水层由湛江湾相隔,岛内中、深层含水层和大陆中、深层含水层通过湛江湾相连,且具有统一的水位分布,并保持着密切的水力联系,岛内中、深层地下水由南向北径流补给湛江市区的降落漏斗中心;滨海及海水区域浅层含水层及其下伏的粘土层构成了防止海水入侵中、深层地下水的保护层;浅层地下水流场基本保持天然状态,水位动态特征主要为入渗径流型,水位变化与降雨量相关;中、深层地下水流场以人工流场为主,地下水由南向北径流,水位动态类型主要为开采动态型,水位变化主要受到开采量变化的影响;在近海岸地区,地下水动态表现为潮汐效应型,在潮汐作用下,地下水位动态具有周期性。 相似文献
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河北平原地下水在经过长期开发利用后,出现了一系列环境问题,地下水的流动模式以及均衡状态发生了很大改变。从地下水年龄结构出发,利用MODFLOW-2000建立稳定流模型对地下水流数值进行模拟,对河北平原的地下水年龄结构以及地下水流场特征进行研究分析,重点研究了地下水储存量的变化过程以及影响因素,并通过非饱和带水流模型、土壤水均衡模型以及地下水流模型三模型相耦合的方式,对河北平原饱和带储存量变化、地下水补给量以及非饱和带中地下水滞留时间进行了估算。模拟结果显示:河北平原1975~2015年间浅层含水层地下水储存量减小速率约为30 mm/yr,减少量约占总储量的15%,说明地下水存储量的减少主要是由于浅层地下水存储量的减少引起;根据模型修正结果计算,河北平原年地下水补给量为120 mm,灌溉和降水补给为100 mm,渗流以及山前侧向补给为20 mm,降水量的变化趋势与地下水补给趋势保持一致,相关系数为0.92,地下水补给有25%来自降水和灌溉;地下水年龄差异与模拟参数存在变量关系,弥散度越大,地下水年龄差异越大。该模拟研究成果为今后地下水系统的研究提供数值依据。 相似文献
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河北省地下水超采区划分及现状分析研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文在综合分析河北平原水文地质条件,地下水资源量,地下水开采状况,水位动态学料及环境地质问题的基础上,对浅层,深层地下水超采区的划分依据,方法,结果及其超采状况进行了分析研究,为统一规划,有效管理与保护地下水资源提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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河北平原京津以南深层地下水资源形成规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文应用同位素技术，结合含水岩组水文地质结构特征的分析及地下水动力方法的年龄计算，揭示了河北平原京津以南地区深层地下水的形成规律，得出深 地下水资源补给能力及承受开采能力很低的结论，这为今后深 地下不资源的合理开发利用提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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Twenty profiles of vertical electric soundings (VES) were obtained in a riverside alluvium at the Buyeo area, South Korea,
to examine the variations of subsurface geology and associated groundwater chemistry. The combination of the VES data with
the borehole data provided useful information on subsurface hydrogeologic conditions. The vestige of an ancient river channel
(e.g. oxbow lake) was identified on the resistivity profiles by the lateral continuation of a near-surface perched aquifer
parallel to the river. Such a perched aquifer is typically developed in the area with a clay-rich silty surface alluvium which
prohibits the infiltration of oxygen. Therefore, groundwater below the oxbow lake shows a very low nitrate concentration and
Eh values under the strong anoxic condition. The distribution of water resistivity is correlated with that of measured total
dissolved solids concentration in groundwater, while the earth resistivity of the aquifer shows a significant spatial variation.
It is interpreted that the earth resistivity of the aquifer is mainly controlled by the soil type rather than by the water
chemistry in the study area. 相似文献
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Luisa Stellato Emma Petrella Filippo Terrasi Paolo Belloni Maria Belli Umberto Sansone Fulvio Celico 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):701-712
222Rn was used to assess river–groundwater interactions within Castel di Sangro alluvial aquifer (Italy). The effectiveness of results obtained through this indicator was verified by also analyzing δ18O, major ions and temperature in both surface and groundwater, and carrying out piezometric head monitoring and discharge measurements. Hydrogeological investigations suggested that the river infiltrates into the aquifer in the south-eastern aquifer portion, while groundwater discharges into the river in the north-eastern portion. The latter phenomenon is supported by 222Rn data. Nevertheless, flow-through conditions cause the modelled discharge along this river reach, estimated by 222Rn data in a degassing-corrected two-component mixing model, to be greater than the measured discharge. Concerning river infiltration into the aquifer, δ18O, major ions and temperature data show that the river contribution is negligible in terms of aquifer recharge. Thus, the observed increase in 222Rn concentration in that portion of the aquifer is due to the enrichment process caused by infiltration of rainwater (222Rn free) which flows from the local divide area. Hence, in the study site, the use of only 222Rn to predict river–groundwater interactions causes some estimation inaccuracies and it must be coupled with other hydrochemical and hydrogeological parameters to gain a thorough understanding of such interactions. 相似文献
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吉林省西部是我国主要粮食产区,但区内农业水利规划管理同时面临潜水资源与生态环境双重风险。近20年来,区内曾尝试多种水资源利用模式,但缺少不同模式应用效果的定量化对比。文章建立了不同水资源利用模式,对比分析各模式的水资源与次生盐碱化风险。以洮儿河流域为例,采用循环神经网络预测2019—2023年该地区大气降水和地表水对地下水补给量;通过随机数值模拟预测现状开采、连续干旱、无序开采、地下水库建设、节水灌溉、旱田改水田6种情形下,区内潜水水位空间分布特征。以防止次生盐碱化为目标,定义水位埋深上限为1 m;以含水介质厚度为参考,定义水位埋深下限为12 m。遴选适合吉林省西部地区地下水资源可持续利用模式。结果显示:无序开采是导致区内水资源枯竭的主要诱因;地下水库建设和旱改水工程有助于潜水资源维护,但长期运行可加剧生态环境风险。节水灌溉（净采强度为2.0×108～3.0×108 m3/a）是降低区内水资源风险和生态环境风险的最佳方式。文章采用的神经网络—随机模拟分析方法成功预测了地下水位变化驱动因子和地下水位中长期变化趋势,为我国干旱半干旱地区潜水资源利用方案制定提供了新方法。 相似文献
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Groundwater vulnerability assessment in shallow aquifer of Kathmandu Valley using GIS-based DRASTIC model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dhundi Raj Pathak Akira Hiratsuka Isao Awata Luonan Chen 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(7):1569-1578
In this paper, groundwater aquifer vulnerability map has been developed by incorporating the major geological and hydro-geological
factors that affect and control the groundwater contamination using GIS based DRASTIC model. This work demonstrates the potential
of GIS to derive a map by overlying various spatially referenced digital data layers that portrays cumulative aquifer sensitivity
ratings across the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, providing a relative indication of groundwater vulnerability to contamination.
In fact, the groundwater is the major natural resources in Kathmandu for drinking purpose. The decline in groundwater levels
due to the over exploitation and thus extracted water from shallow aquifer has been contaminated by the infiltration of pollutants
from polluted river and land surface is continuous and serious. As the demand for water for human and industrial use has escalated
and at the same time, the engineering and environmental costs are much higher for new water supplies than maintaining the
existing sources already in use. Management of groundwater source and protecting its quality is therefore essential to increase
efficient use of existing water supplies. Aquifer vulnerability maps developed in this study are valuable tools for environmental
planning and predictive groundwater management. Further, a sensitivity analysis has been performed to evaluate the influence
of single parameters on aquifer vulnerability assessment such that some subjectivity can be reduced to some extent and then
new weights have been computed for each DRASTIC parameters. 相似文献
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This paper deals with the analysis of groundwater condition in an alluvial aquifer system underlying Kushabhadra-Bhargavi River basin of Odisha, India. The rainfall data and river-stage data of the Kushabhadra River were analyzed for the periods of 1995–2009 and 1991–2010, respectively. Using the available lithologic data, geologic profiles along North-South and East-West sections were prepared and stratigraphy analysis was performed to characterize aquifers and confining layers present in the river basin. The results of stratigraphic analyses indicated that a two-layered aquifer system consisting of an unconfined aquifer and a confined aquifer exists in the study area. The thickness of unconfined aquifer varies from 3.4 to 46.5 m, whereas that of confined aquifer varies from 3.1 to 80.3 m over the basin with an interconnecting confining layer of thickness ranging from 2.1 to 60.0 m. The rainfall-groundwater dynamics and hydraulic connectivity were also investigated for gaining insights into groundwater characteristics. The analysis of groundwater levels indicated that the correlation among the 14 sites is better for most pairs of the sites (r = 0.50 to 0.96) in case of pre-monsoon season’s data and annual data as compared to monsoon and post-monsoon season’s data. This indicates good hydraulic connectivity among the observed sites in the study area. The significant seasonal groundwater fluctuations in the study area indicate appreciable recharge to the aquifer during the monsoon season. The findings obtained and insights gained from this study can be helpful for the water managers and decision makers to understand groundwater dynamics for the efficient planning and management of vital groundwater resources in the region. It is recommended that groundwater monitoring should be continued at more sites to understand long-term spatio-temporal characteristics of groundwater in the study area. 相似文献
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开展河流和地下水转换关系研究对于区域水资源合理开发利用具有重要意义。文章以大西沟河水与地下水转换关系为目标,在分析地下水动力场的基础上,通过水化学类型、溶解性总固体(TDS)、氯离子（Cl-）等水化学以及环境同位素18O、D、T等指标作为示踪剂,分析大西沟河和地下水的转换关系和转化强度。结果表明:研究区河流和地下水化学类型主要为HCO3—Ca,水化学类型空间分布特征相似;TDS和Cl-浓度表现为先增加后下降,但地下水的变化幅度大于河水。通过对大西沟河水和地下水中的水化学和环境同位素指标对比分析,发现研究区河流与地下水之间补给排泄关系具有明显的分段性;从河流出山口到下游地区,河水和地下水之间发生了三次转化关系:在山前倾斜砾质平原区以河水入渗补给地下水为主,补给量占该段潜水径流量的56%;到了细土平原区出现地下水补给河水地段,补给源为承压水越流补给潜水后的混合水体,潜水和承压水补给比例占该段河水径流量的20.4%与58.4%;风成沙漠区河水沿途渗漏补给地下水直至河流断流。本次研究结果为建立研究区水循环演化模式和水资源合理开发利用提供了理论和技术支持。 相似文献
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我国城市海岸带地下水类型和分布主要受控于陆地地质作用,尤以大地构造作用和河流地质作用为主导。松散沉积物类海岸带地下水为孔隙水,含水介质单一,空间变化大,地下水的赋存和分布规律亦相应复杂。以距今78万年晚更新世为界线,可将第四纪松散沉积物含水层组划分为上（浅）下（深）两层（部）。下部的全新统（Q4）和上更新统（Q3）含水岩组以微咸水、咸水多见;上部的中更新统（Q2）和下更新统（Q1）分布有淡水,部分地下淡水资源有一定的供水意义。基岩类海岸带地下水主要为裂隙水和岩溶水,多为淡水,其水资源量与当地的降水量和基岩入渗系数的大小有直接关系。除砂砾石台地的基岩类海岸带、少数溺谷型泥质海岸带的河谷内和碳酸盐岩分布区外,一般无集中供水意义。 相似文献