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1.
针对威森伯格数与聚合物溶液质量浓度和矿化度的对应关系不明确问题,利用HAAKE RS150流变仪,通过稳态和动态剪切实验,研究低剪切速率下聚合物溶液的质量浓度、矿化度对其黏弹性的影响,计算第一法向应力差和威森伯格数.结果表明:聚合物溶液质量浓度越大,矿化度越低,第一法向应力差和威森伯格数越大,黏弹性越强;油田用普通聚合...  相似文献   

2.
聚合物对钻井液的高温流变特性具有重要影响。对比了聚合物种类、加量、剪切时间、盐、造浆黏土等对聚合物溶液高温流变性的影响，并对不同温度下的剪切速率-剪切应力关系进行了流变模型拟合。结果表明，温度升高、剪切时间及盐量增加均导致黏度降低，超过190℃后黏度下降速率加剧；含5%甲酸盐与5%卤盐的样品黏度在降温阶段的黏度恢复率分别为86.8%和2.7%；以宾汉模式对造浆黏土与聚合物混合液进行拟合，220℃时的动切力最高达到5.47 Pa。温度升高使得聚合物溶液由假塑性向牛顿性演变的趋势增强。高于130℃时，长时间剪切导致黏度下降的趋势明显，此时含甲酸盐的聚合物溶液黏度较含卤盐的高，且降温阶段的黏度恢复率也较高。黏土的存在增强了混合液的网间结构，有利于高温下携带岩屑。   相似文献   

3.
HPAM和疏水缔合聚合物溶液在孤东七区油藏中适应性评价   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
为了解决孤东七区油藏聚合物溶液流变性与注入性的矛盾,筛选适宜非均质强、储层结构疏松等油藏条件的聚合物,在不同长度岩心中开展聚合物溶液渗流实验.在同一岩心上分段测压,建立聚合物溶液注入性评价方法,对HPAM和疏水缔合聚合物的注入性进行评价;在不同长度岩心出口端取采出液,研究该聚合物溶液在近井和油藏深部阻力因数、残余阻力因数以及黏度分布特性.结果表明:注入HJ的压力梯度上升率为16.37MPa.m-1.PV-1,压力梯度稳定值为5.68MPa.m-1,压力梯度上升率和压力梯度稳定值小于相同质量浓度的DH5和B4的值;从提高波及效率的能力和聚合物溶液的流变性来看,疏水缔合聚合物DH5在油藏深部的阻力因数、残余阻力因数和黏度保留率分别为283.86、39.4和0.713,阻力因数、残余阻力因数远大于相同质量浓度的B4和HJ的值;综合注入性和流变性分布评价可知,1.8g.L-1的HJ好于相同质量浓度的DH5和B4的.  相似文献   

4.
自主编写计算机程序构建了分别基于达西定律和非线性渗流规律的渗流数值模拟技术,并开展了稳定毛细条件下多孔介质中的横向渗流实验,揭示了多孔介质毛细饱和带中渗流流场的分布特征及其变化规律:①在渗透性良好的多孔介质毛细饱和带中的渗流,当补排水水位差增大时,总水势等势线在各区域均增大,分布得更为密集;压力势水平向梯度在各区域亦均增大;压力势垂向梯度在上升流动区增大,在下降流动区减小,在中部近水平流动区变化不大;毛细饱和带厚度在上升流动区减小,在下降流动区增大,在中部近水平流动区变化很小,且仍近似等于水静止时的毛细饱和带厚度。②在低渗透性多孔介质毛细饱和带中的低速渗流,在整个渗流区域,按达西定律推算的相同总水势值的等势线比按非线性渗流规律推算的更靠近排泄区;在水势梯度较小的区域,按达西定律计算出的总水势等势线分布比按非线性渗流规律推算的更稀疏;反之,在水势梯度较大的区域,按达西定律计算出的总水势等势线分布比按非线性渗流规律推算的更稠密;结果表明,以非线性渗透规律为基础的数学模型对低渗透多孔介质毛细饱和带中低速渗流规律的刻画更为准确。   相似文献   

5.
碳酸盐岩地层超压预测目前仍然是国内外研究的难点问题。碎屑岩超压预测方法均是建立在明显的超压测井、地震宏观响应规律基础上的经验关系，这些经验性方法不适用于因岩性致密使得超压地球物理响应微弱的碳酸盐岩地层。通过碳酸盐岩样品超压岩石物理模拟实验，分 析 了 在 应 力－孔隙压力共同作用下岩石中声波速度、弹性参数的变化规律；基于多孔介质弹性理论和广义胡克定律推导并建立了表征孔隙压力与岩石弹性参数定量关系的理论模型，即多孔介质弹性理论的超压预测量化模型。以川东北地区典型碳酸盐岩超压钻井为例，开
展了碳酸盐岩地层超压预测应用研究:针对碳酸盐岩地层选择油气水测井综合解释模型获取岩石物性参数；利用Ｖｏｉｇｔ－Ｒｅｕｓｓ－Ｈｉｌｌ平均模量模型计算岩石基质体积模量，利 用 Ｗｏｏｄ模 型和 Ｐａｔｃｈｙ模型计算孔隙流体体积模量，利用 ＢＩＳＱ 模型计算岩石骨架体积模量，然后通过多孔介质弹性理论量化模型预测超压。预测结果显示预测压力与钻杆实测压力（ＤＳＴ）吻合较好，与泥浆密度换算压力和随钻监测压力变化趋势相近，表明这种基于多孔介质弹性理论的超压预测量化模型是一种解决碳酸盐岩地层超压预测的新途径。   相似文献   

6.
多孔介质中酚醛树脂冻胶动态成胶规律   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为认识酚醛树脂冻胶在多孔介质中动态成胶行为,通过测定黏度和注入压力随成胶时间的变化,研究酚醛树脂冻胶在安瓿瓶和多孔介质中的静态成胶及多孔介质中动态成胶过程;考察聚合物和交联剂质量分数对成胶时间和冻胶强度的影响.结果表明:静态条件下,酚醛树脂冻胶在多孔介质中的初始和最终成胶时间分别为安瓿瓶内成胶的1～1.5倍和1.5～2倍;多孔介质中,动态初始和最终成胶时间分别为静态条件下的2倍和2～3倍;随聚合物和交联剂质量分数增大,成胶时间缩短,冻胶强度增大,但在成胶过程中冻胶向深部运移的能力降低.后续水驱结果表明:动态成胶过程中,冻胶封堵位置主要集中在岩心入口端,封堵率达99.8%以上;只有当酚醛树脂冻胶可以在多孔介质中产生明显的运移时,冻胶体系才具有深部调剖的能力;当多孔介质的渗透率为8μm2左右,HPAM质量分数小于0.2%,酚醛树脂预聚体质量分数小于0.6%时,冻胶可以进行深部调剖.多孔介质中静态成胶形成的为整体冻胶,而动态成胶形成的为分散的冻胶颗粒.  相似文献   

7.
测试不同类型聚合物在不同质量浓度、不同盐度条件下拉伸流变性能.结果表明:随着聚合物溶液质量浓度的增大其拉伸黏度也增大,随着溶液中NaCl盐度增加而拉伸黏度减小,但不同类型聚合物拉伸黏度受质量浓度和盐度影响的强弱不同.通过对聚合物拉伸流变性能的测试,可以分析溶液中聚合物分子的存在状态及作用机理,进而指导油田用聚合物的筛选...  相似文献   

8.
针对山东半岛大沽河下游咸水体修复过程中含水介质物理堵塞的问题,采用室内模拟试验,系统研究了悬浮物质量浓度和粒径对咸水体含水介质物理堵塞的影响,并通过测定人工回灌过程中渗透系数的时空变化,定量分析和评价含水介质物理堵塞的机理和程度.结果表明:悬浮物质量浓度和粒径是影响含水介质渗透性的关键因素;在悬浮物质量浓度分别为50、100、200 mg·L—1的条件下,含水介质的等效渗透系数分别为其初始值的38％、20％0和10％;随着注入悬浮物质量浓度、注入时间的增加和入渗深度的减小,相对渗透系数不断减小;悬浮物的粒径越小,迁移距离越大,造成渗透系数下降区的厚度越大;随着悬浮物粒径的不断增大,粒径大的颗粒容易被截留在表层,造成表层渗透系数下降幅度增大,其余各层渗透系数下降幅度随深度增加而减小.  相似文献   

9.
土的抗剪强度指标受含水率、剪切速率以及土样的类别等多个因素的影响。为了研究不同剪切速率对风化砂改良膨胀
土的抗剪强度指标的影响规律,分别在2.4,0.8mm/min剪切速率下对不同含水率和不同掺砂比例的风化砂改良膨胀土样进行
了室内直剪试验,得到了不同剪切速率下改良膨胀土的抗剪强度指标值。试验表明:采用2.4mm/min的剪切速率测得的抗剪强
度指标比采用0.8mm/min的剪切速率测得的值要大;通过对比试验数据可知,剪切速率对内摩擦角的影响比对黏聚力的影响相
对来说较小,对砂土的抗剪强度指标的影响比对黏土的抗剪强度指标要小,对含水率较小的土样的抗剪强度指标的影响比对含水
率大的土样的抗剪强度指标要大。对于风化砂改良膨胀土的抗剪强度指标的测定时的剪切速率应采用规范要求的0.8mm/min。   相似文献   

10.
考虑海上稠油油藏严重非均质性和海上平台寿命短、大井距开采的情况,也为解决疏水缔合聚合物在长时间高温、高盐度和高剪切条件下分子间疏水缔合比例降低问题,选择疏水性交联聚合物微球与疏水缔合聚合物进行复合.通过黏浓性质、抗剪切性能、填砂管封堵实验和人造岩心驱油实验,发现复合体系中微球能够与聚合物发生疏水缔合作用,改善聚合物在高温下的流变性能和抗剪切性能;且复合体系兼具交联聚合物微球的深部调剖和聚合物的增黏驱油性能,封堵性能和驱油效果均优于单纯聚合物驱.由于微球和AP-P4之间的疏水缔合作用使两者具有较好的复合效果,为改善聚合物驱提供新方法,为研究微观机理和指导聚合物驱奠定基础.  相似文献   

11.
Experimental study on the viscoelastic behaviors of debris flow slurry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The rheological properties of most liquid in nature are between liquids and solids,including both elastic changes and viscosity changes,that is socalled "viscoelastic".Dynamic oscillatory test was used to quantitatively study the distinct viscoelastic behaviors of debris flow slurry in the shear stress conditions for the first time in this study.The debris flow slurry samples were from Jiangjiagou Ravine,Yunnan Province,China.The experimental results were found that at the low and middle stages of shearing,when the angular velocity ω<72.46 s-1,the loss modulus(G") was greater than the storage modulus(G’),i.e.G">G’.At the late stage of shearing,when the angular velocity ω≧72.46 s-1,the storage modulus was greater than or equal to the loss modulus,i.e.G’≧G",tanδ≦1(where phase-shift angleδ=G"/G’),and the debris flow slurry was in a gel state.Therefore,the progress of this experimental study further reveals the mechanism of hyperconcentrated debris flows with a high velocity on low-gradient ravines.  相似文献   

12.
The seabed of the Yellow River Delta is formed by the rapid deposition of sediments from the Yellow River. Recent researches have shown that the geological hazards in the Yellow River Delta are mainly related to the liquefaction of silty seabed under cyclic loading. In this paper, based on the theory of Stokes Viscous Principle, a self-design dragging ball apparatus was used to study the fluid characteristics of liquefied and post-liquefied silt more thoroughly. Wave flume and shaking table were used to apply wave loads and vibration loads. The pore pressure, earth pressure, and moving parameters of the dragging ball were recorded during tests. The effect of cyclic loads and excess pore pressure ratio on viscosity of silty soil is discussed. The constitutive model of flow characteristics of liquefied silt is also established. The results indicate that the apparent viscosity of silty soil is much higher than sand. Cyclic loads accelerated the process of silt liquefaction, resulting in the decrease in apparent viscosity. The excess pore pressure ratio (ru) has effect on silt liquefaction. When the soil had not reached the completely liquefied state (ru < 1), the apparent viscosity decreased with the increase of excess pore pressure ratio; when the soil had reached the completely liquefied state (ru = 1), the shear stress decreased with the increase of strain rate. It was determined that silty soil characterized by shear thinning can be viewed as a type of non-Newtonian fluid. The equation of the shear stress and shear strain rates was established by fitting the test data.  相似文献   

13.
In debris flow modelling,the viscosity and yield stress of fine-grained sediments should be determined in order to better characterize sediment flow.In particular,it is important to understand the effect of grain size on the rheology of fine-grained sediments associated with yielding.When looking at the relationship between shear stress and shear rate before yielding,a high-viscosity zone（called pseudoNewtonian viscosity） towards the apparent yield stress exists.After yielding,plastic viscosity（called Bingham viscosity） governs the flow.To examine the effect of grain size on the rheological characteristics of fine-grained sediments,clay-rich materials（from the Adriatic Sea,Italy; Cambridge Fjord,Canada; and the Mediterranean Sea,Spain）,silt-rich debris flow materials（from La Valette,France） and silt-rich materials（iron tailings from Canada） were compared.Rheological characteristics were examined using a modified Bingham model.The materials examined,including the Canadian inorganic and sensitive clays,exhibit typical shear thinning behavior and strong thixotropy.In the relationships between the liquidity index and rheological values（viscosity and apparent yield stress）,the effect of grain size on viscosity and yield stress is significant at a given liquidity index.The viscosity and yield stress of debris flow materials are higher than those of low-activity clays at the same liquid state.However the viscosity and yield stress of the tailings,which are mainly composed of silt-sized particles,are slightly lower than those of low-activity clays.  相似文献   

14.
In this study, the effects of length-width ratio and diversion trench of the spacer on the fluid flow behavior in an electrodialyzer have been investigated through CFD simulation method. The relevant information, including the pressure drop, velocity vector distribution and shear stress distribution, demonstrates the importance of optimized design of the spacer in an electrodialysis process. The results show width of the diversion trench has a great effect on the fluid flow compared with length. Increase of the diversion trench width could strength the fluid flow, but also increase the pressure drop. Secondly, the dead zone of the fluid flow decreases with increase of length-width ratio of the spacer, but the pressure drop increases with the increase of length-width ratio of the spacer. So the appropriate length-width ratio of the space should be moderate.  相似文献   

15.
Arrays of large immobile boulders,which are often encountered in steep mountain streams,affect the timing and magnitude of sediment transport events through their interactions with the approach flow.Despite their importance in the quantification of the bedload rate,the collective influence of a boulder array on the approach timeaveraged and turbulent flow field has to date been overlooked.The overarching objective is,thus,to assess the collective effects of a boulder array on the time-averaged and turbulent flow fields surrounding an individual boulder within the array,placing particular emphasis on highlighting the bed shear stress spatial variability.The objective of this study is pursued by resolving and comparing the timeaveraged and turbulent flow fields developing around a boulder,with and without an array of isolated boulders being present.The results show that the effects of an individual boulder on the time-averaged streamwise velocity and turbulence intensity were limited to the boulder’s immediate vicinity in the streamwise（x/d c 〈 2-3） and vertical（z/d c 〈 1） directions.Outside of the boulder’s immediate vicinity,the time-averaged streamwise velocity was found to be globally decelerated.This global deceleration was attributed to the form drag generated collectively by the boulder array.More importantly,the boulder array reduced the applied shear stress exerted on theindividual boulders found within the array,by absorbing a portion of the total applied shear.Furthermore,the array was found to have a ＂homogenizing＂ effect on the near-bed turbulence thus significantly reducing the turbulence intensity in the near-bed region.The findings of this study suggest that the collective boulder array bears a portion of the total applied bed shear stress as form drag,hence reducing the available bed shear stress for transporting incoming mobile sediment.Thus,the effects of the boulder array should not be ignored in sediment transport predictions.These effects are encapsulated in this study by E  相似文献   

16.
In this paper, flow around two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement with unequal diameters has been investigated using the particle image velocimetry technique (PIV) in a water channel. The upstream to downstream diameter ratio was kept constant at d/D = 2/3, the centre-to-centre distance was varied from 1.2D to 5D and the Reynolds number was varied from 1200 to 4800. The flow characteristics were analyzed through ensemble-averaged patterns of velocity, vorticity, normalized Reynolds stress contours and streamlines. Based on ensemble-averaged and instantaneous flow fields, different flow patterns, including single-wake-shedding at small spacing ratio, bi-stable flow behavior (alternating behavior of reattachment and vortex shedding) at intermediate spacing ratio and co-shedding pattern at large spacing ratio were observed. The effects of Reynolds number and the centre-to-centre spacing ratio on flow patterns and turbulent characteristics were also investigated. It was found that the diameter ratio appears to have a certain effect on the flow patterns at intermediate spacing ratios, where the reattachment of shear layer depends on the lateral width of the wake flow in the lee of the upstream cylinder. Extensive discussion on the distributions of Reynolds stress and turbulent kinetic energy was presented.  相似文献   

17.
本文以纵向平面上断裂按常速度扩展为例，讨论了滑动速度与剪切应力的关系；在前人工作的基础上，将菱形交错网格差分方案引入各向同性介质中平面断层滑动位移的计算，在保持差分稳定性条件不变的前提下，可使首项差分误差减小７５％，将断层平面简化为有一定长宽的长方形，比简化为圆形［３］更符合实际。文中最后在计算机上模拟计算了断层以常速破裂时滑动位移分布规律，对于理解断层附近的波动规律，认识断层表面应力场的分布以及进行实际工程稳定性、安全性分析，有一定意义。  相似文献   

18.
利用自动矿物定量识别系统（QEMSCAN）、二维大尺寸背散射图像拼接技术（MAPS）、多尺度微米CT、铸体薄片、恒速压汞等实验技术,对渤中凹陷深层孔店组特低孔特低渗砂砾岩储层的储集空间进行了二维、三维多尺度精细表征,并系统研究了砂砾岩储层渗流能力影响因素。实验结果显示,研究区砂砾岩孔隙毫米-微米-纳米级多尺度连续分布,孔隙度相对大的储层,孔径分布范围较宽,储层粒间原生孔、粒间溶蚀孔等大孔隙占比较高,粒内溶蚀孔、晶间孔占比较低。基于三维孔喉网络模型,孔隙主要半径分布区间为1.5~60 μm,喉道半径分布在0.5~8.0 μm之间,孔喉连通性的分布形态有条带状、连片状、孤立状,储集性较好的储层孔喉在三维空间多为连片状,渗透率相对较差的储层孤立状的大孔较多。孔隙型储层的渗透率与孔喉形态、喉道半径、配位数等参数密切相关。裂缝明显改善了砂砾岩的物性,也为酸性流体对储层的溶蚀提供了有效通道,导致溶蚀孔隙相对发育。综合研究认为,渤中凹陷深层砂砾岩储层的渗流能力受裂缝发育程度、孔喉连通性双重控制,储层中黏土矿物和碳酸盐矿物胶结对孔隙结构、储层渗流能力有重要影响。   相似文献   

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