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1.
包络地形和重力波拖曳对气候模拟效果的影响   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
该文用Nju-PσM的数值试验, 研究了包络地形和地形重力波拖曳作用对7月气候模拟效果的影响.通过试验结果的对比分析, 发现包络地形和重力波拖曳作用都可在一定程度上改善模式的模拟性能, 使模拟结果更符合气候实况.  相似文献   

2.
GRAPES中地形重力波拖曳物理过程的引进和应用试验   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
在中国新一代全球中期/区域中尺度同化与预报系统(GRAPES)模式中引进了ECMWF地形重力波拖曳物理过程,填补了GRAPES全球中期数值预报系统中物理过程的空白。重新计算了地形重力波过程需要的地形静态资料数据,并与原ECMWF模式的地形静态参数进行了对比分析,验证了模式地形参数的正确性。利用GRAPES模式,进行了地形重力波拖曳物理过程影响的敏感性数值试验;结果表明:引进地形重力波拖曳过程以后,在存在大地形的区域,风场会发生变化,当纬向风遇到青藏高原时,一部分气流会产生爬坡效应而越过高原,使高原上空的西风气流减弱;另一部分气流会绕过高原,在高原的南侧产生绕流;随着模式积分时间的延长,风场变化会越来越明显,地形越复杂,风场的变化也越复杂;连续的模式积分试验结果显示,引进地形重力波过程,可以延长GRAPES模式的可用预报时效,提高了全球形势预报的准确率。通过对一次降水过程的模拟,对地形重力波过程影响降水预报的原因进行了简单分析。结果显示:引进地形重力波拖曳过程后,改变了大气流场的分布,使预报的流场更接近于大气真实状态,从而提高了降水预报的准确率。  相似文献   

3.
利用WRFV3.9数值模式,对2011年6月9—10日发生在湘鄂赣交界附近山区的一次江淮气旋大暴雨天气过程进行模拟。进行了地形重力波拖曳作用的控制试验和不考虑地形重力波拖曳作用的敏感性试验。结果表明,控制试验能较好地再现江淮气旋及其产生的强降水;模式引入地形重力波拖曳后能够更好地模拟出地形附近雨带的中心位置和强度;地形重力波拖曳在本次大暴雨过程中能够减弱地形附近的经向风速,增强低层气流辐合,促进垂直上升运动,从而有利于对流的触发和维持。  相似文献   

4.
青藏高原地形重力波拖曳的初步分析及数值模拟研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王宇虹  徐国强 《气象学报》2017,75(2):275-287
针对目前对青藏高原大地形激发的重力波拖曳相关问题还不十分清楚,在GRAPES_Meso模式中引入次网格地形重力波拖曳参数化方案,通过数值试验初步研究了青藏高原地区次网格地形重力波拖曳的一些相关参数,结果指出:(1)沿30°N地形重力波拖曳的垂直分布显示,阻塞拖曳主要存在于模式的低层(第1—5层),重力波拖曳主要存在于模式的第5—10层;从水平分布看,模式第3层以阻塞拖曳为主,主要位于青藏高原边缘地区,阻塞拖曳大值区沿喜马拉雅山脉走向和青藏高原东坡;模式第5层以重力波拖曳为主,主要位于青藏高原东部地区和云贵高原的北部边缘。(2)弗劳德数和气流绕流高度分析表明,在青藏高原喜马拉雅山脉一带和高原东部边缘地区,气流爬坡能力强,同时在这一地区绕流高度最高;弗劳德数越大的地区绕流高度距离地表越高。(3)采用次网格地形重力波拖曳参数化方案后,对于低层和高层地形重力波破碎的发生有更准确的描述,地形重力波是向上垂直传播的。(4)个例和批量试验检验结果表明,采用次网格地形重力波拖曳参数化方案对于风场和降水模拟有正效果,提高了模式预报的准确率。  相似文献   

5.
包络地形对气候模拟特征的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
钱永甫  董梁 《高原气象》1995,14(2):129-140
本文用p-σ混合坐标系球带模式研究了不同包络度地形对冬夏季气候模拟特征的影响。结果表明,采用较大包络度的地形可在一定程度上改善气候模拟结果,尤其是在冬季。气候模拟特征由海陆和地形的共同作用决定,地形包络度的影响是次要的。包络度值要取得恰当,否则反而不利。不同地区可用不同的包络地形。  相似文献   

6.
在华南中尺度模式GRAPES中发展KA95方案地形重力波拖曳参数化方案(GWDO),并对2012年的2月8—12日影响华南冷空气过程、8月23—24日发生在广东的局地性暴雨和5—8月共4个月的KA95方案预报试验进行检验。结果表明,KA95地形重力波拖曳参数化方案的引入,改善了GRAPES模式对冬、春季低层南风偏强和地面温度偏高的现象,一定程度上纠正了在模式积分过程中出现的南风偏差,改正了在业务预报中因南风偏强而导致温度偏差过大的现象;改善了模式对局地强降水强度和落区的预报,减小了大雨和暴雨的漏报率和预报偏差,提高了GRAPES模式对降水的预报效果。   相似文献   

7.
在WRF模式中引入地形重力波拖曳参数化方案(GWDO),利用WRFV3.2中尺度模式对2007年7月3日00时至10日00时(世界时)发生在我国江淮梅雨季向华北雨季转换时段江淮与华北地区过渡区域的降水天气过程进行了不同重力波拖曳力作用下的敏感性试验,设计了5组数值试验:不考虑重力波拖曳的控制试验(Ctrl)及考虑重力波拖曳(GWDO)但在不同拖曳力作用下的4组敏感性试验。结果表明:GWDO方案的引入,有效地改善了模式对环流场、水汽输送带、垂直速度场的模拟,缓解了对风速预报偏强的现象,一定程度上纠正了模式模拟的西风偏差,对降水落区和强度也有较好的改善。随着模拟时次的推移,引入的拖曳力越强,对降水模拟的改善越显著。  相似文献   

8.
地形效应引起的局地扰动对华南降水预报的影响研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用中尺度模式对一次华南强降水过程进行模拟分析发现,模式对南岭-武夷山地区的降水存在漏报或预报强度偏弱的现象。通过与提前12 h预报结果的对比看出,引起这种预报误差的主要原因在于本次预报的模式初值中未包含地形强迫造成的小尺度局地扰动信息。对地形重力波拖曳和阻塞流拖曳参数化方案的比较发现,阻塞流拖曳力强度明显强于地形重力波拖曳,它有可能导致雨带位置偏离实况。一系列的初值敏感性试验结果表明,南岭-武夷山地区上空850~500 hPa的风场扰动增量对改进本次降水预报效果的影响最关键。   相似文献   

9.
本文针对我国西南地区的一次持续性暴雨过程,利用WRF模式引入地形重力波拖曳方案进行120h的模拟,对比结果认为引入地形重力波拖曳的模拟效果总体看来略有优势,并详细分析了不同模拟时段的位势高度场,风场,海平面气压场与降水,其结果认为,引入与未引入地形重力波模拟的差异主要出现在48~72h之后,位势高度场方面,72h之后,在青藏高原主体上引入拖曳方案后的模拟结果相对未引入拖曳方案的结果是正偏差,高原下游地区为负偏差,引入后的模拟相对准确;风场模拟方面同样72h以内的模拟差距较小,72h之后高原上出现一处气旋性涡旋,其中心位置的模拟,引入拖曳方案后的结果相对准确,本次个例中出现的一例西南低涡,两实验都能够较好的模拟出700h Pa的气旋性涡旋;降水模拟的结果表明,在72h之后,对于四川地区降水中心位置的模拟,引入拖曳方案的模拟有所提高,但中心依然过强。这方面主要考虑降水的模拟牵涉模式内部更为复杂的处理过程和其他因素,地形重力波拖曳只是其中一个影响因素而不是核心因素。另外此方案对温度场及海平面气压场模拟的影响不明显。理论上讲引入地形重力波拖曳效应的模拟是物理过程相对更为完善的,在本次个例中模拟效果也略优,但在高原下坡复杂地形处长期应用的模拟效果仍需要更多的测试,将在后续工作中加以完善。   相似文献   

10.
利用中尺度WRF模式进行敏感性试验,分析探讨加入地形重力波拖曳参数化方案(GWDO)后对2013年陕西入夏以来最强的一次暴雨过程的模拟能力和地形影响下强降水的形成机制。本次过程是在高空槽和低涡配合的有利形势下形成的,秦巴山区的地形作用对本次暴雨过程有着重要影响。在引入地形重力波参数化方案后,模式对关中大暴雨中心的模拟能力有所提高,强降水落区及量级与实况更为接近,较为有效地改善了环流形势及主要影响系统的模拟。在引入地形重力波参数化方案后,这一地区环流进行调整,有利的水汽条件和对流不稳定配合强烈的上升运动,是影响关中地区强降水的重要因素。该参数化方案对陕西暴雨预报具有一定的适用性,但是对陕南的暴雨区模拟还具有较大的误差,需要进一步改进。  相似文献   

11.
Summary The problem of representing the drag due to subgridscale orography is examined. Results from model simulations are used to illustrate clear deficiencies in the global angular momentum budgets and possible ways of correcting for these deficiencies are considered. It is argued that a formulation for the stress due to subgridscale gravity waves is required, as was first recognized by Boer et al. (1984a, b), and the impact of a scheme based on Palmer et al. (1986) is presented. The scheme is improved by using directionally-dependent subgridscale orographic variances. Results from 90-day integrations using the ECMWF and UKMO models with similar resolutions are very much in accord both with and without a wave drag parametrization scheme; showing much improved wintertime circulations.The relationship between the wave drag and the model orography is examined with the use of idealized stress profiles whereby the wave drag is limited to either near the surface or in the stratosphere. A combination of parametrized wave drag with an envelope orography performs best at this stage of development.Results are presented from a substantial series of ten-day forecast experiments with the ECMWF operational model using mean and (1 ) envelope orographies, these show significant improvements in forecast skill.With 26 Figures  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

A simple gravity wave drag parametriiation over mountainous terrain is tested for its ability to reduce the systematic errors of medium‐range weather forecasts. Following Boer et al. (1984), this parametrization is a function of the low‐level wind speed and stability, the local Froude number, and the variance of the subgrid‐scale orographie features.

A comparison study of ten 7‐day forecasts obtained with envelope orography, wave drag or standard orography, shows that wave drag is as effective as envelope orography in reducing the systematic errors. A further comparison where the combined effects of the wave drag and that of a complementary enhanced orography (that is one that includes only the subgrid‐scale elements not treated separately by wave drag) are taken into account shows this latter approach to be the most promising in reducing orographically‐related systematic errors.  相似文献   

13.
The parameterization of gravity wave drag induced by sub-grid scale orography(GWDO), which has been used in the regional model based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System for Tropical Mesoscale Model(GRAPES_TMM), is extended to include the effect of mountain flow blocking drag(MBD). The extended scheme is evaluated against non-GWDO parameterization, including a cold air outbreak over southern China and a monthly verification in February 2012. The experiment results show that the GWDO and MBD parameterization both improves the forecasting of the cold air outbreaks over southern China, as well as alleviations of system bias of GRAPES_TMM.(1) The extended scheme alleviates the strong southerly wind and high surface temperature simulation during the cold air outbreak, especially over northern Guangxi and Guangdong(NGG) province, where local high surface temperature simulation reduces nearly 5 degree.(2) The MBD parameterization improves southerly wind simulations over NGG, as well as surface temperature forecasts improvement over Guangxi, Guizhou province and southern Yunnan-Guizhou plateau(YUP), and low level southerly wind simulation improvement over intertidal zone over south China.(3) The formation of MBD is mainly in the mountain area(Wuyi, Daba mountain, east of YUP) and coastal area. The MBD over plateau, which is mainly formed at the west of 105°E, is stronger and thicker than that over Nanling mountain.(4) The improvement of GWDO and MBD parameterization is stable in model physics. MBD parameterization demonstrates more overall improvements in the forecasts than GWDO, and the larger of the model forecast error is, the greater improvements of MBD contribute to. Overall, the extended GWDO scheme successfully improves the simulations of meteorological elements forecasting during cold air outbreaks.  相似文献   

14.
重力波阻参数化方案及其预报试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
江野 《高原气象》1992,11(2):152-160
  相似文献   

15.
谱模式中负地形的处理与东亚副热带气候的模拟   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
刘屹岷  吴国雄  刘辉 《大气科学》1999,23(6):652-662
谱模式中负地形对气候模拟有严重干扰。本文重新处理IAP/LASG GOALS模式地形及海陆分布,通过对比新旧地形强迫下数值试验的结果,揭示了原有GOALS/LASG气候模式对西太平洋副高模拟中存在的系统偏差与(30oN,120oE)长江口附近的负地形及纬向地形谷有关。与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和CMAP综合分析资料比较表明,新的地形方案减弱了负地形效应,使东亚气候,如夏季西太平洋副热带高压及夏季降水的模拟得到明显改善。  相似文献   

16.
The Modified Envelope Orography and the Air Flow over and around Mountains   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
By use of the two-layer adiabatic globe spectral model and the zonally averaged climatic data of winter season as initial values, 10-day integrations are carried out based on three kinds of model topography (i.e., (1) the averaged topography; (2) the envelope topography; (3) the modified envelope topography). The results show that the orography of the Northern Hemisphere plays an important role in the simulation of large-scale weather patterns in winter season. The simulation based on the envelope topography developed by Wallace et al. has some improvements in the Rocky Mountains area. But this scheme causes very serious horizontal expansion around the Tibetan Plateau (hereafter referred to as the TV). A modified envelope topography scheme has been worked out that increases the slope of the TP by decreasing the horizontal expansion while keeping the maximum altitude. The results show some improvements of the scheme around the TP. By analysis of the mechanical effects of the large-scale orography on the  相似文献   

17.
Summary A hydrostatic model is applied to a case study from the Pyrenean field experiment PYREX. The results from this simulation are compared with measurements, with the aim to evaluate the model behaviour in the case of a flow past a steep orography. The initial and boundary data, which were used for the simulation, were produced with the T213 reassimilation system at Reading by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The comparison of the results with observations show that the local wind systems are captured reasonably well by the model. In particular the evolution of two counter rotating eddies in the lee of the Pyrenean mountain range are simulated correctly in space and time. Also the calculated orographic drag and vertical wave momentum flux agreed well with the measurements.With 15 Figures  相似文献   

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